Em direção à construção de uma metodologia de Estudos do Futuro : análises prospectivas aplicadas à vitivinicultura riograndense

O campo de investigação dos Estudos do Futuro é uma área de estudos ativa, promovida por organismos internacionais e universidades de vanguarda mundial. Dentre os diversos métodos e técnicas, até então desenvolvidos para estudar o futuro, destaca-se o método de construção de cenários prospectivos. Neste trabalho, se procura testar estes métodos ao estudo do futuro de uma cadeia produtiva agronegocial. A consideração desta, como objeto de aplicação de uma análise prospectiva, apresenta desafios peculiares, requerendo uma abordagem metodológica apropriada, que pode ser adaptada das ferramentas conhecidas. O exemplo considerado trata da cadeia da vitivinicultura riograndense. A análise documental e dos relatos de personalidades permitiu a elaboração de um panorama atual e retrospectivo, representativo dessa cadeia, útil para a construção de cenários prospectivos. Este estudo foi seguido de consultas a expertos, representantes de cada um dos elos da cadeia, para a identificação dos fatos do futuro, relativos às condicionantes do ambiente em que se insere o objeto. Foram arrolados cerca de setenta fatos do futuro, os quais foram submetidos à ponderação dos expertos. Nessa ponderação aplicaram-se critérios de seleção de incertezas críticas, previamente usados em cenarizações de futuro de objetos de outra natureza, distintos das cadeias produtivas. A utilização desses critérios indica a pertinência do emprego das ferramentas selecionadas para o estudo proposto. As incertezas críticas, assim arroladas, devem permitir a execução de um exercício completo de cenarização do futuro de uma cadeia produtiva agronegocial.

As metodologias de índices de seleção aplicadas ao melhoramento de plantas forrageiras

Existe a necessidade da sustentação da produção vegetal no período de inverno no Rio Grande do Sul para a produção animal, e há duas espécies potenciais para isto, o trevo vermelho e a alfafa. No entanto, vários são os fatores que são necessários para a implantação destas culturas cujo custo, por ser elevado, deve ser justificado. O melhoramento genético vegetal é uma das áreas que pode contribuir na maior produção destas espécies principalmente de matéria seca e de produção de sementes. Especificamente, os índices de seleção que associam diversas características de interesse na seleção são ferramentas importantes. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a eficiência da utilização de diferentes metodologias de índices de seleção na escolha das melhores plantas cultivadas à campo. Os dados sobre características agronômicas de duas populações de trezentas plantas, uma de trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense L.) e outra de alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) avaliadas a campo de forma individualizada, dispostas em seis blocos, com cinqüenta plantas em cada bloco, foram investigadas. Utilizou-se a análise de correlações residuais entre as variáveis analisadas, para se determinar quais seriam as características que seriam incluídas nos índices, eliminando-se uma de cada duas altamente correlacionadas. Foram construídos seis índices de seleção: o multiplicativo de Elston, o base de Baker, os base de Williams via componentes principais e via função discriminante canônica, um índice construído através da correlação canônica e o de soma de postos de Mulamba e Mock. Estudos de concordância, entre os diferentes índices, foram realizados através da correlação de Sperman. A concordância quanto às plantas selecionadas, pelos diferentes índices de seleção, foi procedida sob uma seleção de 20% das plantas. As metodologias de seleção de plantas individuais foram eficientes, na escolha de plantas promissoras, levando em consideração simultaneamente às várias características. Os índices de seleção apresentaram alta concordância em relação às plantas selecionadas.

Impacto das transferências incondicionais nos indicadores de saúde

Este estudo visa avaliar o impacto das transferências de recursos incondicionais nos indicadores de saúde dos municípios brasileiros. A transferência abordada refere-se ao Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM), tal recurso não possui uma destinação pré-definida pelo Governo Federal, porém pelo menos 15% do seu valor deve ser gasto em saúde pública. A base de dados utilizada teve como principais fontes o DATASUS e o SIOPS, a periodicidade é anual e a unidade de observação refere-se aos municípios. Para estimar o impacto do FPM na mortalidade, na morbidade e nas medidas preventivas, foram aplicadas duas metodologias econométricas: Painel com efeito fixo e Regressão Descontínua. A primeira abrangeu o período de 2002 a 2011 e os resultados encontrados mostram que o FPM possui um impacto negativo significante na mortalidade total e para os indivíduos de 15 a 29 anos, 30 a 59 anos e 60 anos ou mais. Em relação à morbidade, os modelos em Painel com efeito fixo mostraram um impacto negativo do FPM sobre as internações hospitalares. Para as medidas preventivas, as estimações apresentaram resultados não significantes ou então opostos ao esperado. O método da Regressão Descontínua foi também aplicado, pois o FPM apresenta características de descontinuidade, o que traz a possibilidade de uma aplicação econométrica cada vez mais utilizada e que possui uma estratégia de identificação que deve levar a resultados similares aos de um experimento aleatório. O período utilizado para tal estimação refere-se aos anos de 2002 a 2010. A partir desse método, verificou-se resultados bastante sutis em relação ao impacto do FPM sobre os indicadores de saúde: para mortalidade o FPM não apresentou impacto significativo e robusto, para morbidade novamente foi encontrado um impacto negativo e significante, e, por fim, para as medidas preventivas o resultado mais robusto refere-se às consultas do Programa Saúde da Família, em que o FPM apresentou impacto positivo e significante para alguns dos coeficientes gerados.

Gestão do trabalho das pessoas com deficiência no campo da saúde pública

Em virtude da reserva de vagas prevista em legislação, a presença de pessoas com deficiência - PcDs é cada vez mais frequente nas organizações públicas. Percebe-se que nem sempre essas organizações estão preparadas, quer seja arquitetonicamente quer seja por uma cultura de inclusão, para receber e gerir essa força de trabalho. Diante desse contexto, o presente estudo procurou discutir as práticas de gestão das pessoas com deficiência na área pública, a partir do enfoque da inclusão, utilizando o caso do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva - INCA. Para a construção do estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com análise documental e com entrevistas semiestruturadas. No intuito de abarcar a visão dos diferentes grupos de pessoas que estão diretamente envolvidos com a temática no INCA foram entrevistados três tipos de profissionais, a saber: servidores com deficiência, chefias diretamente ligadas a essas PcDs e chefia da área de gestão de pessoas. Constata-se uma preocupação do instituto em cumprir a determinação legal de ocupação das cotas reservadas no quadro de pessoal para as PcDs, porém ainda não foram desenvolvidos ou adaptados instrumentos institucionais de gestão que permitam a inclusão efetiva desses profissionais. Verificou-se também que a adaptação do INCA às dimensões de acessibilidade - arquitetônica, comunicacional, metodológica, instrumental, programática e atitudinal – ainda é incipiente. Formalmente não há nenhum elemento que impeça a participação das PcDs nos subsistemas de gestão de pessoas do INCA, contudo nem sempre são criadas e institucionalizadas as ferramentas necessárias à autonomia e à plena participação desses profissionais.

Sistema de notificação e extensão da plataforma WISE-MUSE

A integração de sensores em estruturas, máquinas e ambientes, juntamente com uma eficiente recolha e envio de informação, trazem elevados benefícios para as sociedades actuais. Nesse sentido, com a crescente importância que as redes sem fios (WSN) assumem no contexto da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, principalmente ao nível das comunicações, é fundamental procedermos à exploração das suas diversas potencialidades nos mais variados âmbitos. Deste modo, as WSN podem ser aplicadas em diversas áreas: saúde, monitorização ambiental, segurança de edifícios, indústria, monitorização de tráfego, monitorização de terramotos ou outras catástrofes naturais. Assim surge o projecto WISE-MUSE (Environmental Monitoring based on Wireless Sensor Networks for conservation of artwork and historical archives), que visa a implementação de um conjunto de soluções que permitem a monitorização contínua e automática de parâmetros ambientais (luminosidade, humidade, temperatura e CO2) através de WSN em museus. Este projecto de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática situa-se no âmbito deste projecto WISE-MUSE e tem como intuito: (i) a extensão da plataforma de monitorização de modo a recolher os dados das portas de emergência; (ii) a implementação de um sistema de notificações e alarmes via SMS e E-mail; e (iii) o desenvolvimento da plataforma Web WISE-MUSE, que permita a visualização remota dos dados dos sensores e das portas de uma forma integrada e em tempo real.

Saúde bucal no programa de saude da família: o caso do distrito sanitário norte em Natal - RN

The inclusion of the dentist in the Family Health Program (FHP) teams designates a reorganization of the mouth health care in your country and establishes a new scenario in Brazilian odontology, through of a new way to organize the basic health care, creating conditions to consolidate in mouth health practice actions, in the level of the basic attention, the validation of Unique Health System (UHS) constitutional principles. The purpose of this research is to verify if the actuation of mouth health teams (MHT) dentists, in Natal city north sanitary district, is tuned with FHP goals.The target research population was composed by all dentists working in Basic Health Units (BHU) of Natal north sanitary district. Fifth-eight questionnaires were applied and using open and closed questions we look for identify the functional characteristics of each BHU, the dentists professional attributions on each BHU, as well as the clinical procedures that they execute. This research also searched to identify the factors that facilitate and/or difficult the inclusion process and the dentists activities performance on these BHUs, as well as the necessary actions to north sanitary district MHTs to fulfill the objectives proposed by FHP. The results point that the inclusion of mouth health actions in north sanitary district FHPs brought the incorporation of new values to the used practices. Whoever, its necessary a more frequent evaluation of the carried actions, in a way they can be adapted to the real community necessities, and, is fundamental the data accompaniment, for that these serve of base for planning and redirecting activities, in a way that we do not have only a reproduction of traditional practices, fragmented and isolated, but a truly substitution of the traditional practices and a new way of promoting health

Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Pedras de Fogo - PB: um estudo sobre participação

The present study aims to understand the process of Participation of the Health Council- CMS in the formularization, implementation and control of the Municipal health plan of Pedras de Fogo, through four criteria of quality of participation considered by Demo (1993): representation, legitimacy, base participation, and self-responsibility. The criteria of representation is related to the quality of politics of the representative over the representings. Legitimacy is related to the politics` quality of the process of participation based on norms and rules that stipulate the participation, the base participation is a necessary political support so that the power authorization directed to the representings can be effective and the self-responsibility refers to the capacity of being responsible when it concerns to the public service or property. Through the descriptive and exploratory study a qualitative method was adopted to consider the conditions of the participation of the twelve council members of the City council of Health of Pedras de Fogo, through a formulated Instrument based on the criteria of DEMO (1993). It was concluded that the quality of the participation of the council members of the CMS of Pedras de Fogo understands essential aspects of the criteria of quality considered by Demo (1993) but it shows fragilities as unfamiliarity with the norms that legitimize the performance of the council; unfamiliarity of its condition of being an agent and the importance of the participation of the base for the reinforcement of its participation, as well as inertia related to the check and rendering of accounts on its performance. This way it makes sense that the participation of the council in the four criteria of quality of politics considered in this paper needs to improve

O idoso e as ações sociais em prol desse grupo etário: um estudo sobre a qualidade de vida na Terceira Idade e o Projeto Saúde e Cidadania na Melhor Idade

The present study regards an applied qualitative social research (descriptive) which approaches the matter between old age and Brazilian social actions performed in social projects, aiming a qualified life and citizenship for this group of age. The objective of the study is to evaluate the contribution of Project Health and Citizenship in Old Age regarding social actions from the government directed to old age individual treatment for life quality improvement. The theoretical fundamentals of this work is, in a first moment, about old age and certain existing theories about aging process, as well as the differences and perspectives that come up throughout this process. In a second moment, some reflections are developed about the relation between life quality and leisure regarding old age, with the conception and historical rescue about these questions, as well as the evidence of leisure as an instrument of well-being feasibility and a better life quality in old age. Then the study contextualizes Brazilian government treatment to old age individuals, cutting off the Constitution of Republic from 1988 and some social attitudes taken by the government in a try to reach this specific group. Finally, the study presents the Project Health and Citizenship in Old Age , as a social program which belongs to extension activities from Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte (CEFET-RN), which aims old age treatment and their citizenship and life quality. After the application of a semi-structured interview using the technique of Analysis of content for the Analysis and Discussion of Results, it is possible to conclude that the Project Health and Citizenship in Old Age fulfils its objective regarding contribution, through offered leisure activities, for old age well-being and life quality improvement. Hence, on this regard, it is possible to observe the importance and value of government actions, social projects and programs assisting old age individuals, for they are able to provide this group the opportunity to live out activities that allow their citizenship and socialization, regarding well-being and life quality improvement.

A ouvidoria pública como instrumento de controle das ações da Secretaria de Saúde do Pará

The State and Public Administration have gone through several reforms in search of a quick operation and the provision of services with quality. With the democratization of the country and the issue of the Constitution in 1988, further reform of the State and Public Administration, joined the government agenda in 1995 and included among its objectives, the principles of participation and social control. In view of this, it raises the Public Ombudsman in order to be a channel for the participation of users in the management of public affairs, social control, transparency of administrative actions, improving the quality of service and meeting the needs of the community. The aim of this study is to assess whether the Ombudsman of the State Department of Public Health to contribute to the period 2006-2008, for the improvement of specialized consulting services. The research is characterized as descriptive, qualitative approach. The collection technique used was the interview, conducted with 37 service users and two servants of the Ombudsman. The analysis was developed based on the perception of users and servers in the opinion of the Ombudsman. The most relevant results of the research showed that 41% of users search the Ombudsman because they believed that solve the problem presented. However, even with this level of public acceptance, the Ombudsman reached average index of resolvability of 53% in the period. In his role has not developed mechanisms for quality control of services, which is mentioned by 67% of users. It turned out the same fact in relation to popular participation, which is confirmed by 84% of users. For 24% of users, the problems raised were resolved, and of these, 56% believe that the Ombudsman has contributed to the positive outcome. As a result of the search results, it appears that the Ombudsman's SESPA / PA, is not fulfilling its role to ensuring the democratization of articipation in management, social control and has limited contribution to solving the problems of users and to improve the quality of services

Condições de trabalho e saúde na perspectiva de bem-estar um estudo realizado entre os profissionais de saúde da policlínica

This study had like general objective analyzed the relation observed between working conditions and healthy, in the welfare perspective, by the Policilínica Zona Oeste´s healthy professionals. Were used like theoretical bases the categories of working conditions of Borges et al. (2013): working conditions and contractual legal; physical working conditions and materials; working conditions and characteristics of the work processes and working conditions and social management. For the analise of personal wellness in the job, were used the categories of Dessen and Paz (2010): friendship relations, relationship with the organization, growth opportunity, relations with customers , valuation and realization. For this, this research use the descriptive statistic and Bardin (1977) ´s content analysis besides the help of Manyeyes software, using the word clouds and trees words. Was possible identify that the working conditions have strong relations with the health of the health professionals of Policlínica, mainly about the physical and materials conditions that are precarious and influences the other dimensions of working conditions and conditions health. The welfare professionals is spoiled in the dimensions of realization and growth opportunity and influences the professional´s health

Modos projetuais de simulação: uso de ferramentas de simulação térmica no processo projetual de arquitetura

This thesis aims to describe and demonstrate the developed concept to facilitate the use of thermal simulation tools during the building design process. Despite the impact of architectural elements on the performance of buildings, some influential decisions are frequently based solely on qualitative information. Even though such design support is adequate for most decisions, the designer will eventually have doubts concerning the performance of some design decisions. These situations will require some kind of additional knowledge to be properly approached. The concept of designerly ways of simulating focuses on the formulation and solution of design dilemmas, which are doubts about the design that cannot be fully understood nor solved without using quantitative information. The concept intends to combine the power of analysis from computer simulation tools with the capacity of synthesis from architects. Three types of simulation tools are considered: solar analysis, thermal/energy simulation and CFD. Design dilemmas are formulated and framed according to the architect s reflection process about performance aspects. Throughout the thesis, the problem is investigated in three fields: professional, technical and theoretical fields. This approach on distinct parts of the problem aimed to i) characterize different professional categories with regards to their design practice and use of tools, ii) investigate preceding researchers on the use of simulation tools and iii) draw analogies between the proposed concept, and some concepts developed or described in previous works about design theory. The proposed concept was tested in eight design dilemmas extracted from three case studies in the Netherlands. The three investigated processes are houses designed by Dutch architectural firms. Relevant information and criteria from each case study were obtained through interviews and conversations with the involved architects. The practical application, despite its success in the research context, allowed the identification of some applicability limitations of the concept, concerning the architects need to have technical knowledge and the actual evolution stage of simulation tools

UBS RN-7: proposta arquitetônica para um padrão flexível de unidade básica de saúde para a zona bioclimática 7 do RN, com ênfase na sustentabilidade ambiental

Standardization and sustainability: these two apparently antagonistic words find the challenge of uniting in a flexible architectonic proposal. This was the idea that motivated the proposal of this assignment, whose appearing is bound up with the necessity of thinking about standardized spaces that attend on functional criterias and environmental sustainability, in reply to an existing real demand. The assignment consists of an architectonic proposal for a flexible standard of a Basic Unit of Health for the bioclimatic zone 7 of RN (UBS RN-7), with emphasis in the environmental sustainability. The project contemplates innumerable involved variables, such as: obedience to the current law of the Health Ministry for the UBSs; formal/aesthetic aspects; criterias of expansiveness of the UBS I for the UBS II; relative aspects to the constructive rationality and, mainly, sustainability aspects. With the intention to unite the variables and, also, glimpsing a proposal that could reach a good functional performance, aesthetic, of environment comfort and energetic efficiency, it was also necessary to consider concepts about the flexibility of the envelopment. The elaboration of the architecture first draft was based on bibliographical research, conceptual studies and references, elaboration of the architectonic program and the draft development for the UBS port I and the UBS port II. To the end, an implantation data sheet for the project is proposed for the UBS standard project, where strategies of thermal isolation, shadowing and thermal inertia are adopted and combined to three possible types of lot, resulting in 24 possibilities of implantation

Estética do apocalipse: (re) considerações acerca da (des) arborização urbana de Natal e seu contributo à saúde pública

This study intends to establish a relation between environmental degradation, particularly the devastation of the green canopy, and public health. Utilizing a mapping of the trees included in the researched area, each individual tree was analyzed according to its age, taxonomic listing, architecture, shape and size (determined by aesthetic/convenience reasons or deformed by pruning). Initially investigated were the covert reasons lying underneath the constant aggression against trees (which many times seem to contain elements of hatred and contempt) within the urban environment. In addition to that, the aspects concerning environmental modifications and the consequent impact on public health were also assessed. Two main problems promptly emerged as a result of the removal of trees: a) without a canopy to protect the areas, they became subject to winds directly blown from SW Africa and impregnated with aerosol partic les, which are common causes for respiratory disorders and, b) direct UV solar radiation, which causes some types of skin cancers and eye disorders. To reach such results, we studied the origins and formation of UV radiation induced cancers and searched for the UV radiation spectra of action, e.g., usual intensity and quantity reaching clear and shadowed spaces in a certain area and its consequences. In a second instance, we also searched for pertinent data resources in order to confirm the increase of skin cancer cases due to exposure to UV radiation and the relation between the destruction of the green canopy and the above mentioned problems. We believe that a few significant results have been achieved by this study, namely: the relation between a culture based on medieval beliefs and its consequences on the environment; how this culture exploits and deforms nature in pursuit of financial and psychological interests to a point of transforming the landscape into a copy of something devoid of any relation to latitude and altitude; and above all, the indifference concerning the alarming results carried by these modifications

Mapeamento de áreas de risco à saúde pública por meio de métodos geoestatísticos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sistemas de informação geográfica e análise espacial de dados como ferramentas para determinação de agregação espacial de doenças: a hanseníase como modelo

This work demonstrates the importance of using tools used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data analysis (SDA) for the study of infectious diseases. Analysis methods were used to describe more fully the spatial distribution of a particular disease by incorporating the geographical element in the analysis. In Chapter 1, we report the historical evolution of these techniques in the field of human health and use Hansen s disease (leprosy) in Rio Grande do Norte as an example. In Chapter 2, we introduced a few basic theoretical concepts on the methodology and classified the types of spatial data commonly treated. Chapters 3 and 4 defined and demonstrated the use of the two most important techniques for analysis of health data, which are data point processes and data area. We modelled the case distribution of Hansen s disease in the city of Mossoró - RN. In the analysis, we used R scripts and made available routines and analitical procedures developed by the author. This approach can be easily used by researchers in several areas. As practical results, major risk areas in Mossoró leprosy were detected, and its association with the socioeconomic profile of the population at risk was found. Moreover, it is clearly shown that his approach could be of great help to be used continuously in data analysis and processing, allowing the development of new strategies to work might increase the use of such techniques in data analysis in health care