Responsabilidade Social influencia sucesso sustentável das organizações

Prémio para o Melhor Artigo da Revista “Qualidade” da APQ-Associação Portuguesa para a Qualidade, 9ª Edição – 2013, “Zulema Lopes Pereira”.

Clinical and laboratory findings of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Colombia, 2001

A descriptive study was carried out in 104 patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, from the region of Turbo (Antioquia, Colombia). Clinical features and levels of hemoglobin, glycemia, serum bilirubin, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and complete blood cell profile were established. 65% of the studied individuals were men and their mean age was 23. Of all individuals 59% had lived in the region for > 1 year and 91% were resident in the rural area. 42% were farmers and 35% had a history of malaria. The mean parasitaemia was 5865 parasites/mm³. The evolution of the disease was short (average of 4.0 days). Fever, headache and chills were observed simultaneously in 91% of the cases while the most frequent signs were palmar pallor (46%), jaundice (15%), hepatomegaly (17%), and spleen enlargement (12%). Anemia was found in 39% of the women and in 51% of the men, 8% of individuals had thrombocytopaenia and 41% had hypoglycemia.

Fatal septicemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a child from Colombia

A 4-year old child living in Colombia presented with a history of fever and severe abdominal pain for four days. The patient developed pneumonia, septic shock, multiple organ failure and died on the fifth day of hospitalization. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from admission blood cultures and was resistant to ampicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems and aminoglycosides.

Giardia intestinalis and nutritional status in children participating in the complementary nutrition program, Antioquia, Colombia, May to October 2006

Giardia intestinalis infection is prevalent throughout the world and widely distributed in developing countries. In general, children display serious consequences to their state of health, including slow height-weight development; therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the association between Giardia infection and the nutritional status of children who participate in the program of complementary feeding (Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia (MANA) - Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF)). A cross-sectional study examining the association of giardiasis with nutritional status was conducted. A total of 2035 children aged eight months to six years-old were studied. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis of blood and stool samples. Analysis of the results showed that 27.6% of children were infected with G. intestinalis, while 8.1% and 1.9% were mildly and significantly underweight, respectively, and 14.1% presented stunting. Giardiasis was statistically identified as a strong predictor of stunting in this study population.

Thermoterapy effective and safer than miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia

In Colombia, pentavalent antimonials and miltefosine are the drugs of choice for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis; however, their toxicity, treatment duration, (treatment adherence problems), cost, and decreased parasite sensitivity make the search for alternative treatments of American cutaneous leishmaniasis necessary. Based on the results found in a controlled, open, randomized, phase III clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of miltefosine was compared to that of thermotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia. Adult patients from the Colombian army participated in the study; they received either 50 mg of miltefosine three times per day for 28 days by the oral route (n = 145) or a thermotherapy (Thermomed®) application of 50 °C for 30 seconds over the lesion and surrounding area (n = 149). Both groups were comparable with respect to their sociodemographic, clinical, and parasitological characteristics. The efficacy of miltefosine by protocol and by intention to treat was 70% (85/122 patients) and 69% (85/145 patients), respectively. The adverse effects were primarily gastrointestinal for miltefosine and pain at the lesion site after treatment for thermotherapy. No statistically significant difference was found in the efficacy analysis (intention to treat and protocol) between the two treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00471705.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RICKETTSIOSES RESEARCH IN COLOMBIA (1917-1943), LUIS B. PATIÑO CAMARGO

Colombian physician Luis Benigno Patiño Camargo was one of the pioneers in the study of rickettsioses in South America, demonstrating for the first time in Colombia the presence of Rickettsia rickettsii as the etiological agent of a highly deadly exanthematic febrile syndrome in the 1930s. However, Patiño-Camargo performed other investigations from 1917-1943, which represent the first descriptions and scientific evidence of the presence ofR. prowazekii and R. typhi in Colombia. Almost 60 years after the latest research conducted by Dr. Patiño-Camargo, rickettsioses were again a matter of interest and research. In the last decade over 20 research studies have been published, showing new endemic areas forR. rickettsii, as well as the description of new rickettsial species in Colombia.

Serological and parasitological study and report of the first case of human babesiosis in Colombia

A study on the presence of Babesia in humans was performed in Puerto Berrío (Latitude 6.50deg. Longitude: -74.38deg. River: Magdalena. Area: 74.410km², Colombia-South America). Indirect immunofluorescence, thin and thick blood smears were used to study 194 individuals. Patients were grouped according to their risk-factors for Babesia infection: (group 1) individuals with fever, chills, sweating and other malaria-type symptoms; (group 2) symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals from local cattle ranches, which were enrolled in an active form, and (group 3) workers from the local slaughterhouse. Seven individuals were serologically positive for Babesia: Three individuals presented IgM antibodies against B. bovis, while one had IgG against this species; one individual had IgM against B. bigemina, another had IgG and a third both IgM and IgG against this species. Only one individual was parasitologically positive for Babesiaand serologically positive for Babesia bovis (IgM 1:64)

Platelet profile is associated with clinical complications in patients with vivax and falciparum malaria in Colombia

Introduction Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in malaria patients. The relationship between abnormal platelet profile and clinical status in malaria patients is unclear. In low and unstable endemic regions where vivax malaria predominates, the hematologic profiles of malaria patients and their clinical utility are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the thrombograms of malaria patients from Colombia, where Plasmodium vivax infection is common, and to explore the relationship between thrombograms and clinical status. Methods Eight hundred sixty-two malaria patients were enrolled, including 533 (61.8%) patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 311 (36.1%) patients infected with Plasmodium vivax and 18 (2.1%) patients with mixed infections. Results The most frequently observed changes were low platelet count (PC) and high platelet distribution width (PDW), which were observed in 65% of patients; thrombocytopenia with <50,000 platelets/µL was identified in 11% of patients. Patients with complications had lower PC and plateletcrit (PT) and higher PDW values. A higher risk of thrombocytopenia was identified in patients with severe anemia, neurologic complications, pulmonary complications, liver dysfunction, renal impairment and severe hypoglycemia. The presence of thrombocytopenia (<150,000 platelets/µL) was associated with a higher probability of liver dysfunction. Conclusions Young age, longer duration of illness and higher parasitemia are associated with severe thrombocytopenia. Our study showed that thrombocytopenia is related to malaria complications, especially liver dysfunction. High PDW in patients with severe malaria may explain the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia that is common in this group of patients.

Dengue in Brazil and Colombia: a study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Introduction This study was conducted in Brazil and Colombia,where dengue is endemic and vector control programs use chemical insecticides. Methods We identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices about dengue and determined the infestation levels of Aedes aegypti in one Brazilian and four Colombian communities. Results The surveys show knowledge of the vector, but little knowledge about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Vector infestation indices show Brazil to have good relative control, while Colombia presents a high transmission risk. Conclusions Given the multidimensionality of dengue control, vertical control strategies are inadequate because they deny contextualized methods, alternative solutions, and local empowerment.

Cryptococcosis in Atlántico, Colombia: an approximation of the prevalence of this mycosis and the distribution of the etiological agent in the environment

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:Cryptococcosis is an invasive disease acquired by inhalation of infectious propagules from the environment. Currently, compulsory notification of the spread of this disease is not required in Colombia. However, reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome cases to the National Surveillance System has suggested that there is a growing population at risk of contracting cryptococcosis. Few studies have described the occurrence of cryptococcosis in Colombia. Therefore, in this study, we examined the pathology of this disease in Atlántico, Colombia and determined the distributions of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in the environment.METHODS:Clinical samples/isolates were gathered from cases of cryptococcosis previously diagnosed at health institutions in Atlántico, and surveys were completed by clinicians. The environmental study considered 32 sampling points and three tree species, i.e., Quickstick ( Gliricidia sepium ), Almond ( Terminalia catappa ), and Pink trumpet ( Tabebuia rosea ). Environmental and clinical samples/isolates were analyzed for phenotypic and genotypic confirmation.RESULTS:From 1997-2014, 41 cases of cryptococcosis were reported. The mean patient age was 40.5 years (range: 18-63 years); 76% were men, and 78% were HIV positive. Isolation was possible in 38 cases ( C. neoformans , molecular type VNI in 37 cases and C. gattii , molecular type VGI in one case). In 2012-2014, 2,068 environmental samples were analyzed with a positivity of 0.4% ( C. neoformans , molecular type VNI) in Almond and Pink trumpet trees.CONCLUSIONS:Cryptococcus neoformans , molecular type VNI had a higher prevalence than C. gattii and was associated with human exposure and the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in this geographical region.

Vigilancia Epidemiológica de zoonosis en pequeños animales en la zona de influencia de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la UCC

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha definido las zoonosis como “aquellas enfermedades e infecciones que se transmiten, en forma natural, entre animales vertebrados y el hombre. La separación de las zoonosis en un grupo aparte de enfermedades tiene un significado práctico, antropocéntrico y utilitario, si bien biológicamente injustificable. Su objetivo es señalar que el reservorio de estas enfermedades son los animales inferiores y por consiguiente la prevención y el control de la infección deben llevarse a cabo sobre estos reservorios animales. La consideración que requieren las zoonosis, más allá de la sola propuesta para su valoración en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad, implica también generar y ofrecer alternativas viables para su atención desde una perspectiva integral, que más allá de una casuística, considere sus determinantes. Estableciéndose que las zoonosis se pueden transmitir a partir de los mismos animales, otras formas de vida o bien a través de vehículos y materia inerte, el riesgo de contraer una zoonosis no está definido por la posesión o no de animales, ni es tampoco una decisión el asimilarlo con conocimientos de causa, simplemente se refiere a un hecho epidemiológico de carácter ambiental y por lo tanto a un evento definible como riesgo que adquiere características particulares en el contexto urbano. Una zoonosis más que un caso de enfermedad transmisible requiere ser visto como la manifestación de un complejo en el que la enfermedad es solo la resultante de un proceso en el que convergen diversos factores, relacionados con las variables epidemiológicas de tiempo, espacio y población pero también con las de carácter económico, social y específicas de orden cultural. Pocos son los conocimientos actuales de la casuística de las zoonosis transmitidas por pequeños animales en el área de influencia de la UCC, por lo tanto a través del presente proyecto se intenta avanzar en el conocimiento de estas enfermedades y a su vez implementar en el ámbito de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, técnicas diagnósticas para las mismas, que no solo beneficiarán las tareas de docencia sino también de servicio al medio.

Influencia de los valores y las presunciones básicas presentes en la cultura organizacional –con respecto a los resultados esperados y percibidos en los procesos de formalización de la gestión y el control- sobre el tipo de configuración estructural, la competencia comunicativa y la efectividad del equipo de comunicación de PYME’s de Córdoba

Desde las perspectivas de la cultura, la estructura y las redes de conversaciones organizacionales, nos proponemos identificar,analizar e interpretar cómo influyen los valores y las presunciones básicas presentes en la cultura organizacional- respecto a los resultados esperados y a los percibidos en los procesos de formalización (sistematización) de la gestión y el control- sobre el tipo de configuración estructural, la competencia comunicativa y la efectividad del equipo de comunicación de PYME’s de Córdoba. Como metodología de Investigación aplicaremos el “estudio de caso”. El objeto de estudio son PYME’s de Córdoba que llevan adelante un proceso de formalización de su sistema de gestión y control. Utilizaremos un enfoque encapsulado, porque examinaremos varias subunidades dentro de cada empresa. Asimismo, el diseño será de casos múltiples: dos o tres empresas (según la factibilidad). El procedimiento de muestreo para la selección de las empresas y, dentro de éstas, para la selección del personal, será no probabilístico. En cuanto a la técnica de muestreo, será por conveniencia o por juicio, según la situación. Para la identificación y el registro de expresiones verbales aplicaremos el “Método de Comunicación” y el enfoque no estructurado-directo. Utilizaremos entrevistas personales semi-directivas, aunque también se evaluará la factibilidad y pertinencia de grupos foco. Para la identificación y el registro de comportamientos aplicaremos el Método de Observación, natural, estructurada e indirecta.

Influencia de variables de cultura, estructura y redes de conversaciones organizacionales sobre el logro de resultados en procesos de cambio de Pymes de Córdoba

Nos proponemos describir, desde las perspectivas de cultura, estructura y redes de conversaciones organizacionales, la influencia que tienen la competencia comunicativa, el equipo de comunicación, la coherencia interna de la configuración estructural, el tipo de liderazgo, los valores y las presunciones básicas, sobre los procesos de cambio desarrollados en Pymes de Córdoba y con ello sobre el logro de los resultados esperados. El tipo de investigación propuesto es descriptiva en una primera instancia, con la posibilidad (depende de la factibilidad determinada oportunamente) de análisis correlacionales. El objeto de estudio son PYMES de Córdoba que hayan desarrollado algún proceso de cambio (organizacional, tecnológico, de equipamiento, etc.) en los últimos tres años. El muestreo será de tipo no probabilístico. Para selección de empresas, la técnica a aplicar será por conveniencia y, luego, para seleccionar los directivos y operarios se aplicará el muestreo por cuotas. El diseño de investigación que se aplicará es no experimental, transversal. Siguiendo metodológicamente a T. Kinnear y J. Taylor, el método de recolección de datos será la comunicación (basado en la interrogación de los miembros de la muestra seleccionada para el estudio) y la técnica que se aplicará será la administración de cuestionarios semi-estructurados, complementados con entrevistas semi-directivas.