Aspectos reprodutivos de Harttia carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro, 1939, um pequeno loricariídeo de riachos do leste da serra da Mantiqueira, SP, Brasil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os aspectos reprodutivos de Harttia carvalhoi, Miranda Ribeiro, 1939, um pequeno loricariídeo cuja distribuição é restrita a área de drenagem do rio Paraíba do Sul. Um total de 110 exemplares de H. carvalhoi foi obtido. O período reprodutivo acontece desde setembro até fevereiro. O tipo de desova foi identificado como total e a taxa de fecundidade variou de 16 a 106 ovócitos. Este tipo de estudo é importante, visto que fecundidade é uma característica específica e é uma adaptação às condições do ciclo de vida, variando com o crescimento, densidade populacional, alimentos disponíveis e taxa de mortalidade. Também foi enfatizada a importância deste estudo, pois não há estudos prévios sobre a reprodução desta espécie

Uso da morfina na analgesia de equinos

Pain control is an important aspect of equine medicine. Musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal diseases are the most important clinical and surgical painful situations in this specie. In these cases, opioids have been used successfully for the treatment of pain, administered both local (intra-articular and epidural) and systemically. Otherwise, opioids, specially mu agonists like morphine, present important side effects in horses. Amongst these effects, CNS stimulation with increased motor activity and impairment of intestinal motility are observed in several cases. Therefore, adequate dosing of administration are essential for the safe use of opioids in horses

Puberdade em novilhas

The age which heifers reach puberty depend on factors like genetics, environment and nutrition. Puberty in heifers can be defined as the onset of reproductive competence, the ability to ovulate a fertile oocyte with an estrous behavior and development of a corpus luteum with normal lifespan. The metabolic signals that trigger puberty are not yet fully defined. In Brazil, where most beef cattle are zebu, the age at puberty is very advanced, mainly these animals are feed with a poor diet. Many researches are trying to discover the metabolic signals that trigger puberty and anticipate better economic return in breeding farms. It has been demonstrated that the cascade of endocrine events that culminate in puberty can be hastened by an alternative management scheme that involves increased nutrient intake between 3 and 7 months of life. Different diet concentrations, different products and by-products have been used in research to achieve puberty early (less than 300 days of age). The hormonal induction of puberty, especially with the use of progestagens, has been developed in heifers as an alternative tool to improve reproductive efficiency in herds, increasing the amount of pregnant heifers in breeding season

Anormalidades fetais e placentárias decorrentes da produção in vitro de embriões bovinos

In vitro production of bovine embryo (IVP) has become a remarkable assisted reproduction biotechnology in Brazil, once it is considered an important tool for the genetic improvement of the herd. However, many abnormalities are associated with IVP technologies, such as higher incidences of embryo loss, abortions, hydrallantois and dystocia, prolonged gestation, increased birth weight and high perinatal mortality. Collectively, these abnormalities are known as “Large Offspring Syndrome”, which has limited the large-scale use of IVP technologies in cattle industry

Anestro pós-parto: luteólise prematura

The prolonged postpartum anoestrus in cows reduces the number of calves leading to a significant economic loss to producers. Suckling and nutrition are the factors of great importance to the extension of the post-partum period. Besides, the occurrence of short cycles within 30 to 40 days postpartum contributes to an increase in the parturition–conception interval. These cycles are related to development of a corpus luteum with reduced duration after the first ovulation (less than 12 days). It is known that the short persistence of the corpus luteum is caused by advance of the luteolytic mechanisms. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the cause of this anticipation. There are two currently accepted hypotheses, one related to the lack of prior exposure to progesterone, and the other related to the low concentration of pre-ovulatory estrogen. Considering the decrease in the incidence of short cycles in cows treated with progesterone and estrogen, the main protocols of ovulation induction include combination of both hormones. Therefore, this study aimed at describing the post-partum anestrous in cows and the main predisposing factors, emphasizing the first postpartum ovulation, short cycle and, its respective causes and consequences

Avaliação uterina e ovariana de éguas por meio da ultrassonografia Doppler

Doppler ultrasonography is a new technology that has been study by researchers to improve the physiologic and pathologic knowledge about reproduction. This technology is based on Doppler-shifts frequencies or ultrasonic, these frequencies can be increase or decrease according to the movements of the red cells in the vessel. Color Doppler and power Doppler are the two possibilities to use the Doppler ultrasonography. Color Doppler is based in more the one color that show the direction of the blood f low and power Doppler is based in one color that change according of the flow intensity. Doppler ultrasonography can be demonstrated with the spectral mode to verify blood flow in large vessels, because of this, it is not use in equine reproduction. Studies in equine reproduction have been doing to verify uterus blood flow in cyclic mares and to observe the vascular perfusion in mares with cists, uterine vascular perfusion post breeding and verify the affects of drugs to decrease the uterus fluid in mares with problems in uterus perfusion. The ovarian irrigation during the estrus cycle was analyze with the measurement of the principal hormones during the estrus cycle in mares, the integrity of the corpus luteus, the irrigation of the future dominant follicle and the consequences in the ovarian irrigation after luteolyse induction also were study. Nevertheless, more than the knowledge that existed about Doppler ultrasonography, new studies have been doing to improve the forms to use Doppler ultrasonography in equine reproduction

Investimento reprodutivo em fêmeas de populações sintópicas de Dendropsophus nanus (Boulenger, 1889) e D. sanborni (Schmidt, 1944) (Anura: Hylidae)

As espécies estudadas neste projeto, Dendropsophus nanus e Dendropsophus sanborni, são pererecas de pequeno porte, morfologicamente semelhantes e ocupam nichos similares. O presente trabalho foi realizado na Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, município de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo e teve como objetivo obter informações acerca da biologia reprodutiva de ambas as espécies. Os principais resultados obtidos foram referentes à: (1) Relações de tamanho-fecundidade em fêmeas de D. nanus, sendo que foi significativa a correlação entre número de ovos e comprimento rostro-cloacal de fêmeas, o que não ocorreu para correlações entre tamanho dos ovos e CRC de fêmeas e entre tamanho e número de ovos, (2) Seleção do tamanho dos machos em D. nanus, com as fêmeas aparentemente acasalando com machos proporcionalmente mais leves e (3) Comportamento de desova de D. sanborni semelhante ao relatado para D. werneri, havendo dois tipos de interação parecidos: um envolvendo movimentos da cabeça e o outro das patas traseiras do macho, ambos descritos pela primeira vez para D. sanborni neste estudo.

Impacto da Mastite nos parâmetros reprodutivos em gado de leite

This study aimed to conduct a review in most articles relating mastitis and reproduction. Mastitis affects the reproduction according to its time of occurrence and agent. Mastitis affects the interval interestrus and also increases the number of days open, the number of services per conception, the abortion rate and decreases the conception rate. The inflammatory reaction generated by mastitis and all the toxins produced by bacteria alter the entire endocrine profile of cows that experienced episodes of mastitis and thus affect their reproduction

Estudos sobre os comportamentos reprodutivos e cuidados parentais em ciclídeos neotropicais

O estudo objetivou apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a filogenia, evolução, comportamentos reprodutivos e a evolução do cuidado parental em peixes da família Cichlidae, com ênfase em Cichlinae (ciclídeos Neotropicais). Atualmente a filogenia do grupo tem confirmado o monofiletismo da subfamília Etroplinae (India, Sri Lanka e Madagascar) como grupo irmão dos demais ciclídeos. Ptychochrominae (Madagascar) também monofilética é considerada grupo irmão dos clados Cichlinae (neotropicais) e Pseudocrenilabrinae (africanos), sendo os últimos clados irmãos entre si. Em relação às estratégias reprodutivas dos Cichlidae pode-se dividi-los quanto sua incubação em: Incubadores bucais (mouth-brooders), incubadores de substrato (substrate-spawners) e incubadores bucais tardios (mouth-brooders tardios), tais características podem nos oferecer embasamento para a compreensão das condições pelas quais as diferentes formas de cuidado parental e métodos de acasalamento evoluíram. O estudo enfatiza os comportamentos reprodutivos e cuidados parentais nos Cichlinae, descrevendo comportamentos que auxiliam na compreensão da biologia reprodutiva do grupo e sugerindo hipóteses sobre a origem e irradiação dos Cichlidae

Isoeritrólise neonatal eqüina

Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis is a neonatal foals’ illness. Results from the incompatibility of blood type between the foal and the mare and mediated by maternal antibody absorbed by the colostrum against foal’s red blood cells. Characterized by a type ll hypersensitivity reaction, where the exhibition of the organism to a strange antigen, that it takes the sensitization of the lymphocytes B that after the removal of the antigens by the reticule-endothelial system the production of immunoglobulin is decreased, with the formation of cellular immunological will cause the occurrence of the illness in foal of sensitized mares. The most important clinical signs are severe anemia and jaundice, and this illness should be differentiated of other as: hemolysis induced by bacterial toxins, diseases of the hepatobiliary system, disseminated intravascular coagulation and incompatibility in blood transfusions. Like the sensitization happens during the previous incompatible foal’s birth, most cases occur in foals of multiparous mares. However during the first pregnancy the mare can generate a foal with neonatal 7 isoerythrolysis if she have developed placental anomaly in the beginning of the pregnancy which blood cells in her circulation

História natural de Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura: Hylidae) na região de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo

Natural history studies aim to know where the organisms live, what they do, and their relationships within the environment, including the other organisms. The anurans, among other vertebrates, exhibits the greatest variety of reproductive modes as well as a high complexity of social organization, that may enable a lot of naturalist studies. Anurans modes of organization are direct related to parental care, vocalization of chorus organization, and with males territoriality. In general, the social organization is influenced by species reproductive pattern. This study aim to get information about the natural history of Hypsiboas albopunctatus (perereca-cabrinha) a species of the family Hylidae, on the region of Rio Claro Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. The major aspects discussed were: seasonality, spatial distribution, acoustic and visual communication, reproductive mode, reproductive site, abiotic factors influences, territoriality, courtship behaviour, satellite male behavior, embrace and defensive behavior. To obtain this data, nocturnal field excursions were realized monthly. Two sites of Rio Claro county where chosen as studies sites, the sítio Cantaclaro (22o19’36’’S; 47o42’57’’O), on the District of Itapé and Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA) (22o24’58’’S; 47o31’26’’O).

Sanidade Uterina Pós Parto: Aspectos Imunológicos e Terapêuticos

Function of the uterus is often compromised in cattle by bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen after parturition. Pathogenic bacteria often persist, causing uterine disease, a major cause of infertility in cattle. Knowledge of the immunological aspects of the uterus involved in maintaining reproductive healthiness is fundamental to the study of uterine infections that affect the uterus postpartum. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes have an important role because they are the first line of defense against colonization of bacteria in utero (Hammon and Goff, 2006). The establishment of uterine infection depends in parts of endocrine environment, particularly progesterone, which suppresses the immune system (Lewis, 2003). In the puerperium may occur uterine disorders, such as retained placenta, puerperal metritis, clinical and subclinical endometritis and pyometra, this review was proposed a study of the immunology involved in uterine health and a better understanding of uterine disorders, using the model of Sheldon et al. al, (2006) for classification of diseases, and a study of best treatment options and discussion about its functionality, because a lot of controversy among authors about choosing a treatment and another and between treated and untreated

Influência da luz LED em culturas de células-tronco mesenquimais in-vitro

Stem cells are defined as cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells when submited to external signalings in the enviroment. Among adult stem cells, mesenchymal cells occupy an important position because they can differentiate into mesodermal cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Cell therapy consists in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the treatment of degenerative diseases and harmed tissue reconstruction. Due to the longstanding and costly procedure for cultivation of MSC, it was proposed the use of low power light sources, such as light emitting diodes (LED), to optimize these factors. Recent works have shown a series of results from the influence of LED light on biological tissues such as increased rate of cell proliferation, increased RNA, DNA and ATP synthesis rate. The purpose of this study is to compare the biomodulator effect of LED light set at wavelengths 630nm ± 10nm and 805nm ± 10nm on the mesenchymal stem cells proliferation. For this, the mesenchymal stem cells culture adopted the procedure used in the Departament of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences of Botucatu. MSC were obtained from an adult horse bone marrow, and isolated by density gradient separation, with the FICOLL reagent and by centrifugation. The pellet containing the stem cells was removed and these were placed in low glucose DMEM culture medium, containing 10% fetal calf serum and antibiotics. The material was observed daily by inverted microscopy for monitoring the progression of the cells and subsequently the amount of cells were counted in a Neubauer counting chamber. The amount of MSC was obtained by cell culture seeded in 24 wells culture plate and segregated into three distinct groups: Group 1 was irradiated with wavelength set at 630nm ± 10 nm, Group... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Fatores que interferem nas taxas de recuperação embrionária em éguas

The success in implementing an embryo transfer program derives from many factors. The embryo recovery rate is one of the most important factors, and allows the transfer to the recipient mare. This rate comes from a group of elements such as donor´s characteristics, collection date, reproductive management, semen quality, technician skill. Mainly because of the great importance of this direct interference on the results of an embryo recovery program, this study aimed to review the factors involved in embryo recovery rates in donor mares during an embryo transfer, suggesting some ways of improving these results

Efeitos de diferentes fontes de gordura alimentar na resposta a aspiração folicular de cabras anglo-nubianas

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV