Proteômica diferencial da Chromobacterium violaceum em resposta ao estresse oxidativo induzido por peróxido de hidrogênio

The β-proteobacterium Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, free-living, saprophytic and opportunistic pathogen that inhabits tropical and subtropical ecosystems among them, in soil and water of the Amazon. It has great biotechnological potential, and because of this potential, its genome was completely sequenced in 2003. Genome analysis showed that this bacterium has several genes with functions related to the ability to survive under different kinds of environmental stresses. In order to understand the physiological response of C. violaceum under oxidative stress, we applied the tool of shotgun proteomics. Thus, colonies of C. violaceum ATCC 12472 were grown in the presence and absence of 8 mM H2O2 for two hours, total proteins were extracted from bacteria, subjected to SDS-PAGE, stained and hydrolysed. The tryptic peptides generated were subjected to a linear-liquid chromatography (LC) followed by mass spectrometer (LTQ-XL-Orbitrap) to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. A shotgun proteomics allows to compare directly in complex samples, differential expression of proteins and found that in C. Violaceum, 131 proteins are expressed exclusively in the control condition, 177 proteins began to be expressed under oxidative stress and 1175 proteins have expression in both conditions. The results showed that, under the condition of oxidative stress, this bacterium changes its metabolism by increasing the expression of proteins capable of combating oxidative stress and decreasing the expression of proteins related processes bacterial growth and catabolism (transcription, translation, carbon metabolism and fatty acids). A tool with of proteomics as an approach of integrative biology provided an overview of the metabolic pathways involved in the response of C. violaceum to oxidative stress, as well as significantly amplified understanding physiological response to environmental stress. Biochemical and "in silico" assays with the hypothetical ORF CV_0868 found that this is part of an operon. Phylogenetic analysis of superoxide dismutase, protein belonging to the operon also showed that the gene is duplicated in genome of C. violaceum and the second copy was acquired through a horizontal transfer event. Possibly, not only the SOD gene but also all genes comprising this operon were obtained in the same manner. It was concluded that C. violaceum has complex, efficient and versatile mechanisms in oxidative stress response

Effect of steeping conditions (sulfur dioxide, lactic acid, and temperature) on starch yield, starch quality, and germ quality from the Intermittent Milling and Dynamic Steeping process (IMDS) for a Brazilian corn hybrid

Effect of lactic acid, SO2, temperature, and their interactions were assessed on the dynamic steeping of a Brazilian dent corn (hybrid XL 606) to determine the ideal relationship among these variables to improve the wet-milling process for starch and corn by-products production. A 2x2x3 factorial experimental design was used with SO2 levels of 0.05 and 0.1% (w/v), lactic acid levels of 0 and 0.5% (v/v), and temperatures of 52, 60, and 68degreesC. Starch yield was used as deciding factor to choose the best treatment. Lactic acid added in the steep solution improved the starch yield by an average of 5.6 percentage points. SO2 was more available to break down the structural protein network at 0.1% than at the 0.05% level. Starch-gluten separation was difficult at 68degreesC. The lactic acid and SO2 concentrations and steeping temperatures for better starch recovery were 0.5, 0.1, and 52degreesC, respectively. The Intermittent Milling and Dynamic Steeping (IMDS) process produced, on average, 1.4% more starch than the conventional 36- hr steeping process. Protein in starch, oil content in germ, and germ damage were used as quality factors. Total steep time can be reduced from 36 hr for conventional wet-milling to 8 hr for the IMDS process.

Capacidade reprodutiva e preferência da traça-das-crucíferas para diferentes brassicáceas

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar diferentes cultivares de brassicáceas em relação à capacidade reprodutiva e preferência para alimentação e oviposição da traça-das-crucíferas. Os experimentos foram realizados utilizando-se as cultivares de repolho Midori, Chato-de-Quintal, híbridos da Top Seed® - Agristar (TPC 308, TPC 681 e TPC 668), couve-flor Bola de Neve, couve brócolis Ramoso Piracicaba Precoce e couve Manteiga da Geórgia, sendo esta última utilizada como padrão de suscetibilidade. Por meio dos dados biológicos de P. xylostella foram estimados os parâmetros necessários para a construção de tabela de vida de fertilidade, para comparação das cultivares testadas em relação à capacidade reprodutiva da praga. em gaiolas de criação da traça-das-crucíferas foram colocados quatro quartos de folha, dois a dois, que justapostos formavam um círculo de 8 cm de diâmetro, confrontando-se os materiais dois a dois. As partes foram dispostas equidistantemente, para realização do teste de dupla chance de escolha (preferência para alimentação e oviposição) e de múltipla chance de escolha, confrontando todos os substratos (preferência para alimentação). As cultivares que proporcionaram melhor desenvolvimento e reprodução para a traça-das-crucíferas foram couve Manteiga da Geórgia e couve brócolis. Para preferência alimentar constatou-se alta suscetibilidade em couve Manteiga e TPC 681 e para preferência de oviposição alta preferência para couve-flor Bola de Neve. Com isso, sugere-se a divisão das cultivares estudadas em quatro classes distintas: repolho Midori como moderadamente resistente (MR); couve-flor Bola de Neve e repolho Chato-de-Quintal como suscetíveis (S); couve brócolis, TPC308, TPC681 e TPC668 como moderadamente suscetíveis (MS); e couve Manteiga como altamente suscetível (AS).

Anestesia epidural com ropivacaína, lidocaína ou associação de lidocaína e xilazina em cães: efeitos cardiorrespiratório e analgésico

Este estudo investigou o efeito da ropivacaína, da lidocaína e da associação de lidocaína e xilazina na anestesia epidural de cães. Trinta cães foram tranqüilizados com acepromazina intravenosa, distribuídos em três grupos e submetidos à anestesia epidural no espaço lombo-sacro, com lidocaína 2% com vasoconstrictor (GL), ropivacaína 1% (GR) ou com xilazina associada à lidocaína (GXL). Mensuraram-se as freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), a concentração final expirada de CO2 (EtCO2), o volume minuto (VM) e a temperatura retal (T). Para avaliação da analgesia somática, utilizou-se o teste do panículo e o teste térmico a 55°C. Os protocolos produziram anestesia da região retro-umbilical, sendo que a associação XL produziu bloqueio anestésico mais cranial, porém causou bradicardia moderada. A duração da anestesia foi mais prolongada nos animais dos grupos GXL (240 min) e GR (250 min), quando comparada as do grupo GL (120 min).

Influence of Different Ceramics on Resin Cement Knoop Hardness Number

This study evaluated: 1) the effect of different ceramics on light attenuation that could affect microhardness, measured as the Knoop Hardness Number (KHN), of a resin cement immediately and 24 hours after polymerization and 2) the effect of different activation modes (direct light-activation, light activation through ceramics and chemical activation) on the KHN of a resin cement.Resin cement Rely X ARC (3M ESPE) specimens 5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 nun thick were made in a Teflon mold covered with a polyester film. The cement was directly light activated for 40 seconds with an XL 2500 curing unit (3M ESPE) with 650 mW/cm(2), light activated through ceramic discs of Duceram Plus (DeguDent), Cergogold (DeguDent), IPS Empress (Ivoclar), IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar), Procera. (NobelBiocare), In Ceram Alumina (Vita) and Cercon (DeguDent), having a 1.2 mm thickness or chemically activated without light application. The resin cement specimens were flattened, and KHN was obtained using an HMV 2 microhardness tester (Shimadzu) with a load of 50 g applied for 15 seconds 100 pin from the irradiated surface immediately and after storage at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Ten measurements were made for each specimen, with three specimens for each group at each time. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p=0.05). The KHN of the resin cement was not only affected by the mode of activation, but also by the post-activation testing time. The mean KHN of the resin cement for chemical activation and through all ceramics showed statistically significant lower values compared to direct activation immediately and at 24 hours. The KHN for 24 hours post-activation was always superior to the immediate post-activation test except with direct activation. The most opaque ceramics resulted in the lowest KHN values.

Composite resin color stability: influence of light sources and immersion media

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of light sources and immersion media on the color stability of a nanofilled composite resin. Material and Methods: Conventional halogen, high-power-density halogen and high-power-density light-emitting diode (LED) units were used. There were 4 immersion media: coffee, tea, Coke (R) and artificial saliva. A total of 180 specimens (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared, immersed in artificial saliva for 24 h at 37 +/- 1 degrees C, and had their initial color measured with a spectrophotometer according to the CIELab system. Then, the specimens were immersed in the 4 media during 60 days. Data from the color change and luminosity were collected and subjected to statistical analysis by the Kruskall-Wallis test (p<0.05). For immersion time, the data were subjected to two-way ANOVA test and Fisher's test (p<0.05). Results: High-power-density LED (Delta E=1.91) promoted similar color stability of the composite resin to that of the tested halogen curing units (Jet Lite 4000 plus - Delta E=2.05; XL 3000 - Delta E=2.28). Coffee (Delta E=8.40; Delta L=-5.21) showed the highest influence on color stability of the studied composite resin. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in color stability regardless of the light sources, and coffee was the immersion medium that promoted the highest color changes on the tested composite resin.

Avaliação da silagem de diferentes híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L.) por meio do desempenho de bezerros confinados em fase de crescimento

Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio do desempenho animal, silagens de três híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L.): Agroceres AG-5011, Braskalb XL-344 e Cargill C-806. Foram utilizados 27 machos, não-castrados, mestiços Nelore x Charolês, com idade média de 10 meses e peso médio inicial de 252 kg, confinados durante 84 dias, subdivididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias. As silagens dos híbridos testados corresponderam a 70% da matéria seca ofertada. Não houve interação do híbrido de milho testado com o período de avaliação em confinamento, para os parâmetros estudados. A dieta que incluiu a silagem do híbrido AG-5011 resultou em maior consumo voluntário médio diário de matéria seca, expresso por 100 kg de peso vivo e tamanho metabólico, e maior consumo médio diário de fibra em detergente ácido, expresso nas diferentes formas, em relação aos híbridos XL-344 e C-806, que, por sua vez, foram semelhantes entre si. As dietas que incluíram silagens dos híbridos AG-5011, XL-344 e C-806 apresentaram semelhanças quanto ao consumo voluntário de matéria seca, expresso em kg/animal/dia (6,73; 6,05; e 6,19), consumo médio diário de FDN, em kg/dia (3,054; 2,837; e 2,836), e energia digestível, expressa nas diferentes formas, ganho de peso médio diário, em kg/dia (1,283; 1,219; e 1,249), ganho em estado corporal, conversão alimentar (5,26; 4,98; e 4,97) e eficiência energética (14,02; 13,68; e 13,21). Os três híbridos são indicados como materiais genéticos de muito boa qualidade para produção de silagem, promovendo ganhos de peso diário superior a 1,2 kg/animal/dia, quando utilizados em dietas com relação volumoso:concentrado de 70:30.

Physicochemical properties of maize starch obtained from intermittent milling and dynamic steeping (IMDS) under various steeping conditions

Physicochemical properties of maize starch obtained under different steeping conditions by intermittent milling and dynamic steeping process (IMDS) were studied. Brazilian dent maize (hybrid XL 606) was milled using a 2x2x3 factorial experimental design with two lactic acid levels (0.0 and 0.55%, v/v), two SO2 levels (0.05 and 0.1%, w/v), and three temperatures (52, 60, and 68degreesC). Properties of starch obtained by conventional wet-milling process (36 hr at 52degreesC, 0.55% lactic acid, and 0.2% SO2) were used for comparison. Starch protein content and solubility increased with presence of lactic acid, while swelling power decreased. Higher SO2 concentration (0.1%) had the same effect as lactic acid on some properties. Steeping temperatures of 60 and 68degreesC increased solubility and most of the thermal properties but reduced swelling power, suggesting stronger starch annealing during IMDS at these temperatures. Some thermal changes on starch granules were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 60 and 68degreesC. Amylose content as well as pasting properties were affected by steeping factors and interactions. Starches from IMDS and conventional wet-milling processes were similar in most properties, indicating that IMDS provides starch with quality similar to that from conventional milling.

Apoptose em otorrinolaringologia e cabeça e pescoço

This paper intend to review recent advances in our understanding of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, and discuss implications of these basic science advances in the development of causes and potential treatments of a variety of diseases of the head and neck. Conclusions: apoptosis is now understood to be important in the normal development and survival of all multicellular organism. Deregulation of this normally tighly controlled process underlies a variety of disease states, including neoplasia, autoimmune disease, and disorders of the central nervous system. A better understanding of this process and regulation may help otolaryngologists better understand diseases relevant to this specialty and will lead to improved therapeutic interventions.

Influência da fotopolimerização e da cor da resina composta na microdureza

Objective: To study the influence of color opacity and light-curing systems (halogen light vs blue LED) on the microhardness of a composite resin. Methods: Esthet-X composite resin (Dentsply), shades A2 and A2-O, was inserted in a stainless steel matrix (5 mm diameter and 2 mm deep) and was light cured for 40 seconds with a halogen light source (XL 3000; 3M/ESPE) or a blue LED (Optilight LD II; Gnatus). Eight groups of 15 specimens each were formed, and were further divided according to the light-curing systems, the exposed area (base and surface), and the opacity of the composite resin, producing 120 specimens. The specimens were next stored in distilled water for 24 hours, embedded in a chemically activated acrylic resin, then subjected to finishing and polishing with sandpaper and felt discs. Microhardness was measured with a Vickers Digital Microhardness meter, with a 50 g load for 30 seconds. The obtained microhardness means were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's multiple-comparison test at 5% significance level. Results: The surface microhardness was always greater than the base microhardness, regardless of the light-curing source. The halogen light lamp produced significantly higher composite resin microhardness means than the blue LED (57.61 vs. 42.53 HV) (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were obtained between the microhardness means for the different composite opacities; lowest microhardness in depth was produced by the A2-O shade. Conclusion: Composite resin opacity as well as the light-curing system influenced the microhardness of the material.

Temperature rise during adhesive and composite polymerization with different light-curing sources

AIM: This study evaluated the temperature rise of the adhesive system Single Bond (SB) and the composite resins Filtek Z350 flow (Z) and Filtek Supreme (S), when polymerized by light-emitting diode (LED XL 3000) and quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH Biolux). METHODS: Class V cavities (3 yen2 mm) were prepared in 80 bovine incisors under standardized conditions. The patients were divided as follows: G1: Control; G2: SB; G3: SB + Z; G4: SB + S. The groups were subdivided into two groups for polymerization (A: QTH, B: LED). Light curing was performed for 40 s and measurement of temperature changes during polymerization was performed with a thermocouple positioned inside the pulp chamber. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS: The factors material (P<0.00001) and curing unit (P<0.00001) had significant influence on temperature rise. The lowest temperature increase (0.15 degrees C) was recorded in G2 B and the highest was induced in G1 A (0.75 degrees C, P<0.05). In all groups, lower pulp chamber temperature measurements were obtained when using LED compared to QTH (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: QTH caused greater increases in tooth temperature than LED. However, both sources did not increase pulpal temperature above the critical value that may cause pulpal damage.

Avaliação de LEDs de alta intensidade quanto à eficiência de polimerização de resina composta e variação de temperatura na dentina bovina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da microdureza superficial da resina composta fotopolimerizada por aparelho de luz halógena e de diodo(LED) em função de opacidade e ação do flúor fosfato acidulado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência do acabamento e polimento na estabilidade de cor e na rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta submetida a diferentes soluções fluoretadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito das isoflavonas da soja daidzeína e genisteína em células MCF-7, HB4 e OVCAR-3: estudo da citotoxicidade, indução de apoptose, cinética de proliferação celular e expressão gênica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)