Current cancer research on hepatic neoplasms.

Prepared for the ICRDB Program by the Current Cancer Research Project Analyis Center.

Primary pulmonary neoplasms in domestic animals.

Includes Bibliography.

Neoplasms of the dog.

Mode of access: Internet.

Color atlas of oral pathology : histology and embryology, developmental disturbances, diseases of the teeth and supporting structures, diseases of the oral mucosa and jaws, neoplasms /

Mode of access: Internet.

Racial Disparities in the Utilization of Preventive Health Services among Older Women with Early Stage Endometrial Cancer Enrolled in Medicare

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Endometrial and vaginal effects of low-dose estradiol delivered by vaginal ring or vaginal tablet

Aims The major aims of the study were to compare the safety of a continuous low-dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (ESTring) to that of a vaginal estradiol tablet (Vagifem®) on the endometrium and the relief of subjective symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency. Quality of life and acceptability of treatment delivery were also assessed. Study design A prospective, randomized study in which women were assigned in a 2: 1 ratio to ESTring and Vagifem and followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was endometrial safety, based on the results of ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness and a progestogen challenge test at baseline and week 48. Efficacy was determined by subjective assessment of urogenital estrogen deficiency symptoms at baseline and weeks 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48 and assessment of signs of vaginal epithelial atrophy by the clinician at baseline, 12 and 48 weeks. In addition, pelvic floor strength, vaginal cytological evaluation and pH, bacteruria and patient acceptability were assessed. Quality of life was assessed using a menopause-specific quality-of-life questionnire and a 2-day bladder diary at baseline and 12 and 48 weeks. The comparability of the two groups was assessed using ANOVA, χ(2) or Fisher's exact tests. Results A total of 126 women were randomized to ESTring and 59 to Vagifem. There was no statistical difference between the groups in the alleviation of symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency. Maturation indices increased in both groups, from generally atrophic at baseline to proliferative or highly proliferative at 48 weeks. After 48 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in endometrial thickness between the two groups. A statistically smaller proportion of bleeding/spotting occurred in the ESTring group (n = 0) compared to the Vagifem users (n = 4). Estradiol and total estrone serum levels increased during treatment in both groups but remained within the normal postmenopausal range. General health status in both groups was unchanged but the urogenital component of health burden was significantly improved in both groups. Bladder diary variables showed no differences between treatment groups. Conclusion Equivalent endometrial safety and efficacy in the relief of the symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency were demonstrated for the 12 months' use of a low-dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring and a vaginal estradiol tablet.

Unraveling the molecular underpinnings of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: implications for future therapeutic strategies

The present thesis encompasses the two researches projects I conducted during my PhD program in Molecular Biology and Pathology. The common thread is represented by the analysis of the signaling pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of the two most aggressive Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, namely, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). In the last decade, since the description of the JAK2V617F mutation in 2005, the field of the molecular characterization of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms has experienced an astonishing implementation that led to the discovery of 16 new mutations involving signal transduction, epigenetic modifiers, cell cycle regulators. Nevertheless, their pathogenetic relevance and whether they could represent good “druggable” candidates have to be proved yet. In the first section I provide the first report of the signaling cascade down-stream the rare cytogenetic lesion t(8;9)(p22;p24)/PCM1-JAK2 associated with aCML, finding that it selectively activates the ERK1/2 signaling without affecting JAK/STAT phosphorylation. In the second part, I investigated the implication of the ε isoform of novel Protein kinase Cs (PKCs) in the pathophysiology of the aberrant megakaryocytopoiesis in PMF, concluding that the over-expression of PKCε detains a crucial relevance in the aberrant behavior of PMF megakaryocytes and its inhibition is capable to restore their normal differentiation and abrogate the anti-apoptotic signaling. Both results are discussed in the view of their therapeutic implications. In case PCM1/JAK2-related hematologic neoplasms, ERK-inhibitors rather than JAK-inhibitors (i.e. ruxolitinib) should be considered as a “tailored” drugs. In case of PMF, PKCε-inhibitors (i.e. εV1-2 peptide) configure as an appealing strategy to re-direct the megakaryocytic neoplastic clone.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Modulation of Endometrial Stromal Cell Receptive Phenotype by Embryo-Derived Signals Interleukin-1 and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: Possible Involvement in Early Embryo Implantation

The presence of the conceptus in uterine cavity necessitates an elaborate network of interactions between the implanting embryo and a receptive endometrial tissue. We believe that embryo-derived signals play an important role in the remodeling and the extension of endometrial receptivity period. Our previous studies provided original evidence that human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) modulates and potentiates endometrial epithelial as well as stromal cell responsiveness to interleukin 1 (IL1), one of the earliest embryonic signals, which may represent a novel pathway by which the embryo favors its own implantation and growth within the maternal endometrial host. The present study was designed to gain a broader understanding of hCG impact on the modulation of endometrial cell receptivity, and in particular, cell responsiveness to IL1 and the acquisition of growth-promoting phenotype capable of receiving, sustaining, and promoting early and crucial steps of embryonic development. Our results showed significant changes in the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, immune modulation, tissue remodeling, apoptotic and angiogenic processes. This points to a relevant impact of these embryonic signals on the receptivity of the maternal endometrium, its adaptation to the implanting embryo and the creation of an environment that is favorable for the implantation and the growth of this latter within a new and likely hostile host tissue. Interestingly our data further identified a complex interaction between IL1 and hCG, which, despite a synergistic action on several significant endometrial target genes, may encompass a tight control of endogenous IL1 and extends to other IL1 family members.

Effect of interferon-TAU protein secretion in bovine endometrial cells and its modulation by steroid hormones

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Effect of interferon-TAU protein secretion in bovine endometrial cells and its modulation by steroid hormones

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The Calreticulin gene and myeloproliferative neoplasms

The Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms include polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Patients with these conditions were mainly thought to harbour JAK2V617F mutations or an Myeloproliferative leukaemia (MPL) substitution. In 2013, two revolutionary studies identified recurrent mutations in a gene that encodes the protein calreticulin (CALR). This mutation was detected in patients with PMF and ET with non-mutated JAK2 or MPL but was absent in patients with PV. The CALR gene encodes the calreticulin protein, which is a multifactorial protein, mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum in chromosome 19 and regulates calcium homeostasis, chaperones and has also been implicated in multiple cellular processes including cell signalling, regulation of gene expression, cell adhesion, autoimmunity and apoptosis. Somatic 52 bp deletions and recurrent 52 bp insertion mutations in CALR were detected and all resulted in frameshift and clusters in exon 9 of the gene. This review will summarise the current knowledge on the CALR gene and mutation of the gene in pathological conditions and patient phenotypes.

Pathogenèse du cancer de l'endomètre de type I : de l'hyperplasie au cancer [Pathogenesis of type I endometrial carcinoma: From hyperplasia to cancer]

Les carcinomes de l'endomètre sont classés en deux types cliniques (types I et II), cinq types histologiques et quatre types moléculaires. Le type I correspond à l'adénocarcinome endométrioïde de grade 1 ou 2, précédé par des lésions d'hyperplasie atypique. Ce cancer est souvent révélé à un stade précoce par des saignements vaginaux postménopausiques et son pronostic est globalement favorable. Les facteurs de risque à l'origine de la majorité des cas (indice de masse corporelle [IMC] élevé, diabète de type II, traitement hormonal substitutif, tamoxifène) agissent par le biais d'une hyperestrogénie non contrecarrée par la progestérone. Moins de 5 % des cas surviennent dans le contexte d'un syndrome de Lynch (anomalie germinale d'un gène de réparation de l'ADN, à transmission autosomique dominante) chez des femmes plus jeunes dont l'IMC est typiquement bas. Les cancers de l'endomètre de type II (carcinomes séreux, à cellules claires, indifférenciés), plus rares, sont des tumeurs agressives diagnostiquées typiquement chez des femmes plus âgées et à un stade plus avancé, de pronostic défavorable.

Classification and clinical behavior of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms according to their maturation-associated immunophenotypic profile

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare subtype of leukemia/lymphoma, whose diagnosis can be difficult to achieve due to its clinical and biological heterogeneity, as well as its overlapping features with other hematologic malignancies. In this study we investigated whether the association between the maturational stage of tumor cells and the clinico-biological and prognostic features of the disease, based on the analysis of 46 BPDCN cases classified into three maturation-associated subgroups on immunophenotypic grounds. Our results show that blasts from cases with an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) phenotype exhibit an uncommon CD56- phenotype, coexisting with CD34+ non-pDC tumor cells, typically in the absence of extramedullary (e.g. skin) disease at presentation. Conversely, patients with a more mature blast cell phenotype more frequently displayed skin/extramedullary involvement and spread into secondary lymphoid tissues. Despite the dismal outcome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia-type therapy (with central nervous system prophylaxis) and/or allogeneic stem cell transplantation appeared to be the only effective therapies. Overall, our findings indicate that the maturational profile of pDC blasts in BPDCN is highly heterogeneous and translates into a wide clinical spectrum -from acute leukemia to mature lymphoma-like behavior-, which may also lead to variable diagnosis and treatment.

Do hereditary syndrome-related gynecologic cancers have any specific features?

Hereditary syndromes are responsible for 10 % of gynaecologic cancers, among which hereditary breastovarian cancer and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndromes, known as HBOC and Lynch syndromes respectively, present the highest relative risk. The latter predisposes to endometrial cancer and both contribute to ovarian cancer. Cowden syndrome-related endometrial cancer and the increased risk of ovarian, uterine and cervical cancers associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, are also demonstrated, while Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients are prone to develop ovarian and endometrial cancers. Despite these syndromes’ susceptibility to gynaecologic cancers being consensual, it is still not clear whether these tumours have any epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic or imaging specific features that could allow any of the intervening physicians to raise suspicion of a hereditary syndrome in patients without known genetic risk. Moreover, controversy exists regarding both screening and surveillance schemes. Our literature review provides an updated perspective on the evidence-based specific features of tumours related to each of these syndromes as well as on the most accepted screening and surveillance guidelines. In addition, some illustrative cases are presented.