A malware detection system inspired on the human immune system

Malicious programs (malware) can cause severe damage on computer systems and data. The mechanism that the human immune system uses to detect and protect from organisms that threaten the human body is efficient and can be adapted to detect malware attacks. In this paper we propose a system to perform malware distributed collection, analysis and detection, this last inspired by the human immune system. After collecting malware samples from Internet, they are dynamically analyzed so as to provide execution traces at the operating system level and network flows that are used to create a behavioral model and to generate a detection signature. Those signatures serve as input to a malware detector, acting as the antibodies in the antigen detection process. This allows us to understand the malware attack and aids in the infection removal procedures. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Estimação do diâmetro de furos em processo de furação utilizando sistemas de inteligência artificial: uma análise comparativa entre diferentes técnicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sistema de supervisão e controle de irrigação utilizando técnicas de inteligência artificial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estatística espacial e redes neurais aplicadas no estudo de epidemias de huanglongbing e mancha preta na cultura dos citros

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Artificial neural networks applied to bandsawing process control

In the search for productivity increase, industry has invested on the development of intelligent, flexible and self-adjusting method, capable of controlling processes through the assistance of autonomous systems, independently whether they are hardware or software. Notwithstanding, simulating conventional computational techniques is rather challenging, regarding the complexity and non-linearity of the production systems. Compared to traditional models, the approach with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) performs well as noise suppression and treatment of non-linear data. Therefore, the challenges in the wood industry justify the use of ANN as a tool for process improvement and, consequently, add value to the final product. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Neuro-Fuzzy Networks (NFNs) have proven effective, since NFNs combine the ability to learn from previous examples and generalize the acquired information from the ANNs with the capacity of Fuzzy Logic to transform linguistic variables in rules.

Collaborative fuzzy clustering algorithms: some refinements and design guidelines

There are some variants of the widely used Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm that support clustering data distributed across different sites. Those methods have been studied under different names, like collaborative and parallel fuzzy clustering. In this study, we offer some augmentation of the two FCM-based clustering algorithms used to cluster distributed data by arriving at some constructive ways of determining essential parameters of the algorithms (including the number of clusters) and forming a set of systematically structured guidelines such as a selection of the specific algorithm depending on the nature of the data environment and the assumptions being made about the number of clusters. A thorough complexity analysis, including space, time, and communication aspects, is reported. A series of detailed numeric experiments is used to illustrate the main ideas discussed in the study.

Hybrid Water Demand Forecasting Model Associating Artificial Neural Network with Fourier Series

This paper addressed the problem of water-demand forecasting for real-time operation of water supply systems. The present study was conducted to identify the best fit model using hourly consumption data from the water supply system of Araraquara, Sa approximate to o Paulo, Brazil. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used in view of their enhanced capability to match or even improve on the regression model forecasts. The ANNs used were the multilayer perceptron with the back-propagation algorithm (MLP-BP), the dynamic neural network (DAN2), and two hybrid ANNs. The hybrid models used the error produced by the Fourier series forecasting as input to the MLP-BP and DAN2, called ANN-H and DAN2-H, respectively. The tested inputs for the neural network were selected literature and correlation analysis. The results from the hybrid models were promising, DAN2 performing better than the tested MLP-BP models. DAN2-H, identified as the best model, produced a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.3 L/s and 2.8 L/s for training and test set, respectively, for the prediction of the next hour, which represented about 12% of the average consumption. The best forecasting model for the next 24 hours was again DAN2-H, which outperformed other compared models, and produced a MAE of 3.1 L/s and 3.0 L/s for training and test set respectively, which represented about 12% of average consumption. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000177. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

EFFICIENT FAULT LOCATION IN UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS THROUGH OPTIMUM-PATH FOREST

In this article we propose an efficient and accurate method for fault location in underground distribution systems by means of an Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) classifier. We applied the time domains reflectometry method for signal acquisition, which was further analyzed by OPF and several other well-known pattern recognition techniques. The results indicated that OPF and support vector machines outperformed artificial neural networks and a Bayesian classifier, but OPF was much more efficient than all classifiers for training, and the second fastest for classification.

BDI agents for Real Time Strategy games

While the use of distributed intelligence has been incrementally spreading in the design of a great number of intelligent systems, the field of Artificial Intelligence in Real Time Strategy games has remained mostly a centralized environment. Despite turn-based games have attained AIs of world-class level, the fast paced nature of RTS games has proven to be a significant obstacle to the quality of its AIs. Chapter 1 introduces RTS games describing their characteristics, mechanics and elements. Chapter 2 introduces Multi-Agent Systems and the use of the Beliefs-Desires-Intentions abstraction, analysing the possibilities given by self-computing properties. In Chapter 3 the current state of AI development in RTS games is analyzed highlighting the struggles of the gaming industry to produce valuable. The focus on improving multiplayer experience has impacted gravely on the quality of the AIs thus leaving them with serious flaws that impair their ability to challenge and entertain players. Chapter 4 explores different aspects of AI development for RTS, evaluating the potential strengths and weaknesses of an agent-based approach and analysing which aspects can benefit the most against centralized AIs. Chapter 5 describes a generic agent-based framework for RTS games where every game entity becomes an agent, each of which having its own knowledge and set of goals. Different aspects of the game, like economy, exploration and warfare are also analysed, and some agent-based solutions are outlined. The possible exploitation of self-computing properties to efficiently organize the agents activity is then inspected. Chapter 6 presents the design and implementation of an AI for an existing Open Source game in beta development stage: 0 a.d., an historical RTS game on ancient warfare which features a modern graphical engine and evolved mechanics. The entities in the conceptual framework are implemented in a new agent-based platform seamlessly nested inside the existing game engine, called ABot, widely described in Chapters 7, 8 and 9. Chapter 10 and 11 include the design and realization of a new agent based language useful for defining behavioural modules for the agents in ABot, paving the way for a wider spectrum of contributors. Chapter 12 concludes the work analysing the outcome of tests meant to evaluate strategies, realism and pure performance, finally drawing conclusions and future works in Chapter 13.

Coordination and Control of Autonomous Mobile Robots Swarms by using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Consensus Theory

This thesis presents some different techniques designed to drive a swarm of robots in an a-priori unknown environment in order to move the group from a starting area to a final one avoiding obstacles. The presented techniques are based on two different theories used alone or in combination: Swarm Intelligence (SI) and Graph Theory. Both theories are based on the study of interactions between different entities (also called agents or units) in Multi- Agent Systems (MAS). The first one belongs to the Artificial Intelligence context and the second one to the Distributed Systems context. These theories, each one from its own point of view, exploit the emergent behaviour that comes from the interactive work of the entities, in order to achieve a common goal. The features of flexibility and adaptability of the swarm have been exploited with the aim to overcome and to minimize difficulties and problems that can affect one or more units of the group, having minimal impact to the whole group and to the common main target. Another aim of this work is to show the importance of the information shared between the units of the group, such as the communication topology, because it helps to maintain the environmental information, detected by each single agent, updated among the swarm. Swarm Intelligence has been applied to the presented technique, through the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO), taking advantage of its features as a navigation system. The Graph Theory has been applied by exploiting Consensus and the application of the agreement protocol with the aim to maintain the units in a desired and controlled formation. This approach has been followed in order to conserve the power of PSO and to control part of its random behaviour with a distributed control algorithm like Consensus.

An abstract machine based execution model for computer architecture design and efficient implementation of logic programs in parallel.

The term "Logic Programming" refers to a variety of computer languages and execution models which are based on the traditional concept of Symbolic Logic. The expressive power of these languages offers promise to be of great assistance in facing the programming challenges of present and future symbolic processing applications in Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge-based systems, and many other areas of computing. The sequential execution speed of logic programs has been greatly improved since the advent of the first interpreters. However, higher inference speeds are still required in order to meet the demands of applications such as those contemplated for next generation computer systems. The execution of logic programs in parallel is currently considered a promising strategy for attaining such inference speeds. Logic Programming in turn appears as a suitable programming paradigm for parallel architectures because of the many opportunities for parallel execution present in the implementation of logic programs. This dissertation presents an efficient parallel execution model for logic programs. The model is described from the source language level down to an "Abstract Machine" level suitable for direct implementation on existing parallel systems or for the design of special purpose parallel architectures. Few assumptions are made at the source language level and therefore the techniques developed and the general Abstract Machine design are applicable to a variety of logic (and also functional) languages. These techniques offer efficient solutions to several areas of parallel Logic Programming implementation previously considered problematic or a source of considerable overhead, such as the detection and handling of variable binding conflicts in AND-Parallelism, the specification of control and management of the execution tree, the treatment of distributed backtracking, and goal scheduling and memory management issues, etc. A parallel Abstract Machine design is offered, specifying data areas, operation, and a suitable instruction set. This design is based on extending to a parallel environment the techniques introduced by the Warren Abstract Machine, which have already made very fast and space efficient sequential systems a reality. Therefore, the model herein presented is capable of retaining sequential execution speed similar to that of high performance sequential systems, while extracting additional gains in speed by efficiently implementing parallel execution. These claims are supported by simulations of the Abstract Machine on sample programs.

A multi-agent system with distributed bayesian reasoning for network fault diagnosis

In this paper, an innovative approach to perform distributed Bayesian inference using a multi-agent architecture is presented. The final goal is dealing with uncertainty in network diagnosis, but the solution can be of applied in other fields. The validation testbed has been a P2P streaming video service. An assessment of the work is presented, in order to show its advantages when it is compared with traditional manual processes and other previous systems.

Aplicación de técnicas de inteligencia artificial para contribuir en la detección de microcalcificaciones en mamografía digitalizada

A nivel mundial, el cáncer de mama es el tipo de cáncer más frecuente además de una de las principales causas de muerte entre la población femenina. Actualmente, el método más eficaz para detectar lesiones mamarias en una etapa temprana es la mamografía. Ésta contribuye decisivamente al diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad que, si se detecta a tiempo, tiene una probabilidad de curación muy alta. Uno de los principales y más frecuentes hallazgos en una mamografía, son las microcalcificaciones, las cuales son consideradas como un indicador importante de cáncer de mama. En el momento de analizar las mamografías, factores como la capacidad de visualización, la fatiga o la experiencia profesional del especialista radiólogo hacen que el riesgo de omitir ciertas lesiones presentes se vea incrementado. Para disminuir dicho riesgo es importante contar con diferentes alternativas como por ejemplo, una segunda opinión por otro especialista o un doble análisis por el mismo. En la primera opción se eleva el coste y en ambas se prolonga el tiempo del diagnóstico. Esto supone una gran motivación para el desarrollo de sistemas de apoyo o asistencia en la toma de decisiones. En este trabajo de tesis se propone, se desarrolla y se justifica un sistema capaz de detectar microcalcificaciones en regiones de interés extraídas de mamografías digitalizadas, para contribuir a la detección temprana del cáncer demama. Dicho sistema estará basado en técnicas de procesamiento de imagen digital, de reconocimiento de patrones y de inteligencia artificial. Para su desarrollo, se tienen en cuenta las siguientes consideraciones: 1. Con el objetivo de entrenar y probar el sistema propuesto, se creará una base de datos de imágenes, las cuales pertenecen a regiones de interés extraídas de mamografías digitalizadas. 2. Se propone la aplicación de la transformada Top-Hat, una técnica de procesamiento digital de imagen basada en operaciones de morfología matemática. La finalidad de aplicar esta técnica es la de mejorar el contraste entre las microcalcificaciones y el tejido presente en la imagen. 3. Se propone un algoritmo novel llamado sub-segmentación, el cual está basado en técnicas de reconocimiento de patrones aplicando un algoritmo de agrupamiento no supervisado, el PFCM (Possibilistic Fuzzy c-Means). El objetivo es encontrar las regiones correspondientes a las microcalcificaciones y diferenciarlas del tejido sano. Además, con la finalidad de mostrar las ventajas y desventajas del algoritmo propuesto, éste es comparado con dos algoritmos del mismo tipo: el k-means y el FCM (Fuzzy c-Means). Por otro lado, es importante destacar que en este trabajo por primera vez la sub-segmentación es utilizada para detectar regiones pertenecientes a microcalcificaciones en imágenes de mamografía. 4. Finalmente, se propone el uso de un clasificador basado en una red neuronal artificial, específicamente un MLP (Multi-layer Perceptron). El propósito del clasificador es discriminar de manera binaria los patrones creados a partir de la intensidad de niveles de gris de la imagen original. Dicha clasificación distingue entre microcalcificación y tejido sano. ABSTRACT Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of women mortality in the world and its early detection continues being a key piece to improve the prognosis and survival. Currently, the most reliable and practical method for early detection of breast cancer is mammography.The presence of microcalcifications has been considered as a very important indicator ofmalignant types of breast cancer and its detection and classification are important to prevent and treat the disease. However, the detection and classification of microcalcifications continue being a hard work due to that, in mammograms there is a poor contrast between microcalcifications and the tissue around them. Factors such as visualization, tiredness or insufficient experience of the specialist increase the risk of omit some present lesions. To reduce this risk, is important to have alternatives such as a second opinion or a double analysis for the same specialist. In the first option, the cost increases and diagnosis time also increases for both of them. This is the reason why there is a great motivation for development of help systems or assistance in the decision making process. This work presents, develops and justifies a system for the detection of microcalcifications in regions of interest extracted fromdigitizedmammographies to contribute to the early detection of breast cancer. This systemis based on image processing techniques, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. For system development the following features are considered: With the aim of training and testing the system, an images database is created, belonging to a region of interest extracted from digitized mammograms. The application of the top-hat transformis proposed. This image processing technique is based on mathematical morphology operations. The aim of this technique is to improve the contrast betweenmicrocalcifications and tissue present in the image. A novel algorithm called sub-segmentation is proposed. The sub-segmentation is based on pattern recognition techniques applying a non-supervised clustering algorithm known as Possibilistic Fuzzy c-Means (PFCM). The aim is to find regions corresponding to the microcalcifications and distinguish them from the healthy tissue. Furthermore,with the aim of showing themain advantages and disadvantages this is compared with two algorithms of same type: the k-means and the fuzzy c-means (FCM). On the other hand, it is important to highlight in this work for the first time the sub-segmentation is used for microcalcifications detection. Finally, a classifier based on an artificial neural network such as Multi-layer Perceptron is used. The purpose of this classifier is to discriminate froma binary perspective the patterns built from gray level intensity of the original image. This classification distinguishes between microcalcifications and healthy tissue.