Normative reference values for the 20-meter shuttlerun test in a population-based sample of schoolchildren in Bogota, Colombia: The FUPRECOL Study

Our aim was to determine the normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to establish the proportion of subjects with low CRF suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk.

Physical activity in the nature benefits for family cohesion - action protocol

No século XXI, fatores socioeconómicos dão origem a uma diminuição da atividade física (AF) (TV, internet, etc.). Estima-se que 50% da população da União Europeia (EU) tem excesso de peso ou obesidade devido a uma dieta inadequada e sedentarismo, que fazem disparar a ocorrência de doenças crónicas (cardiovasculares, músculo esqueléticas, psicológicas, diabetes tipo 2, cancro, etc.) e uma consequente ameaça para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde e segurança social. A degradação da saúde nos países desenvolvidos, derivada dos estilos de vida atuais, apresenta também alterações no modelo de vivência familiar (famílias menos numerosas e monoparentais com crescimentos na ordem dos 36%). As famílias têm ainda que lidar com a escassez de tempo, a competitividade feroz no trabalho, o stress diário e os perigos em que os elementos mais jovens do agregado familiar incorrem (consumo substâncias ilícitas, distúrbios alimentares, depressão, suicídio e isolamento social) decorrentes do uso das novas tecnologias. “Atualmente, conforme as economias crescem as pessoas param de se movimentar. É urgente, apresentar uma estrutura para a ação, para que os stakeholders, revertam a situação de modo a combater os impactos desta epidemia de inatividade física, construindo ações preventivas e inovadoras, com impacto positivo no desenvolvimento humano”. Objetivo: Pretende-se através da oferta de actividade física e desportiva (AFD) planeada para famílias, promover além da saúde e estilos de vida saudáveis e resilientes, a coesão familiar. Dar resposta científica às preocupações da UE, intervindo como medida de implementação de políticas publicas consideradas prioritárias, de promoção da AF e estilos de vida saudáveis e resilientes, para assegurar um alto nível de proteção da saúde, com repercussão na diminuição dos custos com as doenças e suas consequências.

Identification of endophytic bactéria from micropropagated yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) crowing under autotrophic and Heterotrophic systems.

Yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius, an Andean species. is a rich source of dictetíc oligofructans with low glucose content. proteins and phenolic compounds. These constituents have shown efficacy in the prevention of diet-related ehronic diseases, including gastroin-testinal disorders and diabetes |1,2|. Yacon is part of a research program at the National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR) and University of Mississippi Field Station to develop new alternative root crops for Mississippi while attempting to im-prove the diet of low incorne families. Yacon can be easily propa-gated by cultings. Virus and nematode infections have been re-ported on plants propagated by cuttings in Brazil. a country that hás adopted Yacon as specialty crop [3|. We have developed two culture systems. autotrophic and heterotrophic, to produce healthy plants. Herem we describe the presence of endophytic bactéria m micropropagated Yacon. In auxin free media, new roots were induced. Overa 15day period. the average root mduction per expiam was 5.45 to 8.75 under autotrophic and heterotrophic cul-tures, respectively. Root lenglh vaned between 3 and 60mrn. The presence of root hairs and lateral roots was noticed only in auto-trophic condilions. These beneficiai bactéria were identified and chemically ctiaracterized. Acknowledgement: This research work was partially supported by the USDA/ARS Cooperative Research Agreement No. 58-6408-2-009. Referentes; |1) Terada S. et ai. (2006] Yakugaku Zasshi 126(8): 665-669. (2| Valentová K. Ulri-chová j. (2003) Biomedical Papers 147: 119-130. [3| Mogor C. et ai, (2003) Acta Horticulturea 597: 311 -313.

CRIAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE RISCO DE VULNERABILIDADE DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS TRANSMISSÍVEIS E NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS NO TERRITÓRIO DE ABRANGÊNCIA DA UBSF PE. ERNESTO SASSIDA, NO PERÍODO 2015.

O presente trabalho aponta para a criação de um sistema de classificação de risco de vulnerabilidade, que determinará o risco da presença ou desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas transmissíveis e não transmissíveis (Hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus 2, hanseníase, tuberculose, leishmaniose, dengue), através de um questionário estruturado com formato de fluxograma dirigido para determinar o risco de adoecer de patologias crônicas e consideradas endêmicas do território nacional; promovendo o diagnóstico precoce e determinando o risco de vulnerabilidade das doenças descritas. A intervenção parte do desenho do território de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde da Família Pe. Ernesto Sassida, de forma detalhada; a criação e aplicação de fluxogramas, no momento do cadastramento da família, posteriormente a informação coletada e condensada é transpassada no mapa da área; dessa maneira pretenderá conhecer, mais detalhadamente a situação epidemiológica atual e futura da população da área; podendo a ferramenta ser aplicada variadas vezes. Baseados nessa informação a equipe de saúde da Unidade poderá planejar estratégias de abordagem para as famílias, ou microterritórios que apresentem alto risco para uma o varias patologias, fazendo promoção da saúde e prevenção das doenças, por meio da visita domiciliar multidisciplinar, agendamento de consulta e outros; e posteriormente, poderá se confrontar os resultados das estratégias aplicadas e o grau de notificação de doenças, durante um período de tempo determinado. O trabalho com esse sistema procura detectar áreas de risco de doenças crônicas transmissíveis e não transmissíveis específicas no território de abrangência da UBSF Padre Ernesto Sassida e se converter numa ferramenta no planejamento da atuação na prevenção e não só no tratamento das doenças já instaladas.

Projeto de intervenção como prática de educação em saúde na realidade de Salvador

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e a hipertensão arterial estão associados à morbidade e à mortalidade e são responsáveis por complicações cardiovasculares, encefálicas, coronarianas, renais e vasculares periféricas. Estudos recentes demonstraram que os benefícios da redução de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares são significativos em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O controlo intensivo da hipertensão arterial tem-se mostrado eficaz na redução de complicações em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 e hipertensão. No entanto temos verificado que não obstante os diversos medicamentos tomados quer para a hipertensão quer para o diabetes, os valores têm-se mantido elevados, não se vislumbrando melhoras. Há que modificar este "Status Quo". O nosso trabalho consiste em criar um grupo de hipertensos/diabéticos, levando os seus elementos a adotarem formas de viver saudáveis, não só em termos alimentares como também na eliminação de vícios (álcool, tabaco e outras drogas), acabar com o sedentarismo, elevando-lhes a sua auto-estima e com isso aumentando a sua “Energia Vital”, criando neles a co-responsabilidade do seu tratamento bem como a responsabilidade de motivarem familiares, vizinhos e amigos a assumirem o mesmo compromisso.

Segunda opinião formativa: como avaliar os pés dos pacientes diabéticos? É indispensável usar monofilamento para testar sensibilidade?

Todos os indivíduos diabéticos devem receber avaliações dos pés, começando ao diagnóstico no diabetes tipo 2 e cinco anos após diagnóstico no diabetes tipo 1. Manter reavaliações pelo menos anuais com testes clínicos simples. É importante buscar e registrar apropriadamente os fatores de risco para ulcerações e amputações.

MUDANÇAS NO ESTILO DE VIDA EM PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS DA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: NOVA CORUMBÁ DO MUNICÍPIO CORUMBÁ, MS

Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença caracterizada pela elevação da glicose no sangue (hiperglicemia). Pode ocorrer devido a defeitos na secreção ou na ação do hormônio insulina, que é produzido no pâncreas, pelas chamadas células beta. A função principal da insulina é promover a entrada de glicose para as células do organismo de forma que ela possa ser aproveitada para as diversas atividades celulares. A falta da insulina ou um defeito na sua ação resulta, portanto em acúmulo de glicose no sangue, o que chamamos de hiperglicemia. Sabemos hoje que diversas condições que podem levar ao diabetes, porém a grande maioria dos casos está dividida em dois grupos: Diabetes Tipo 1 e Diabetes Tipo 2. O presente estudo buscou através do projeto de intervenção o incentivo das mudanças no estilo de vida de pacientes diabéticos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: Nova Corumbá do Município Corumbá, MS. Trata-se de um projeto de intervenção, atividade organizada para resolver um problema identificado e transformar a ideia em ação, definir o diagnóstico e solucioná-lo. Participaram do estudo 32 paciente diabéticos, através de encontros mensais, onde foram realizados questionários com os pacientes diabéticos em educação e saúde sobre estilo de vida saudável. Após dados levantados pelos prontuários e questionários feitos aos pacientes diabéticos, concluímos que estes pacientes aprenderam a conviver com sua doença e conheceram como evitar diferentes fatores de risco e a melhorar seus hábitos de vida.

Elevated Micronucleus Frequency In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Dyslipidemia And Periodontitis.

The over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to a large number of molecules, including DNA, and has been associated with the pathogenesis of several disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia and periodontitis (PD). We hypothesise that the presence of these diseases could proportionally increase the DNA damage. The aim of this study was to assess the micronucleus frequency (MNF), as a biomarker for DNA damage, in individuals with type 2 DM, dyslipidemia and PD. One hundred and fifty patients were divided into five groups based upon diabetic, dyslipidemic and periodontal status (Group 1 - poor controlled DM with dyslipidemia and PD; Group 2 - well-controlled DM with dyslipidemia and PD; Group 3 - without DM with dyslipidemia and PD; Group 4 - without DM, without dyslipidemia and with PD; and Group 5 - without DM, dyslipidemia and PD). Blood analyses were carried out for fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile. Periodontal examinations were performed, and venous blood was collected and processed for micronucleus (MN) assay. The frequency of micronuclei was evaluated by cell culture cytokinesis-block MN assay. The general characteristics of each group were described by the mean and standard deviation and the data were submitted to the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Multiple Logistic Regression and Spearman tests. The Groups 1, 2 and 3 were similarly dyslipidemic presenting increased levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Periodontal tissue destruction and local inflammation were significantly more severe in diabetics, particularly in Group 1. Frequency of bi-nucleated cells with MN and MNF, as well as nucleoplasmic bridges, were significantly higher for poor controlled diabetics with dyslipidemia and PD in comparison with those systemically healthy, even after adjusting for age, and considering Bonferroni's correction. Elevated frequency of micronuclei was found in patients affected by type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and PD. This result suggests that these three pathologies occurring simultaneously promote an additional role to produce DNA impairment. In addition, the micronuclei assay was useful as a biomarker for DNA damage in individuals with chronic degenerative diseases.

Surgical Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes In Subjects With Mild Obesity: Mechanisms Underlying Metabolic Improvements.

This study aims to assess the clinical and physiological effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) on type 2 diabetes associated with mild obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30-34.9 kg/m(2)) over 24 months postsurgery. In this prospective trial, 36 mildly obese subjects (19 males) with type 2 diabetes using oral antidiabetic drugs with (n = 24) or without insulin (n = 12) underwent RYGBP. Follow-up was conducted at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postsurgery. The following endpoints were considered: changes in HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin, antidiabetic therapy, BMI, oral glucose insulin sensitivity [OGIS, from meal tolerance test (MTT)], beta-cell secretory function [ΔCP(0-30)/ΔGlu(0-30) (ΔC-peptide/Δglucose ratio, MTT 0-30 min), disposition index (DI = OGIS [Symbol: see text] ΔCP(0-30)/ΔGlu(0-30)], glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) [incremental area under the curve (AUCi)], adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and lipids. All subjects achieved normal-to-overweight BMI after 3 months. Over 24 months, 31/36 (86 %) subjects presented HbA1c <7 % [complete and partial remission of diabetes in 9/36 (22 %) and 1/36 (3 %), respectively]. Since 3 months postsurgery, improvements were observed in OGIS [290 (174) to 373 (77) ml/min/m(2), P = 0.009], ΔCP(0-30)/ΔGlu(0-30) [0.24 (0.19) to 0.52 (0.34) ng/mg, P = 0.001], DI [7.16 (8.53) to 19.8 (15.4) (ng/mg) (ml/min/m(2)), P = 0.001], GLP-1 AUCi [0.56 (0.64) to 3.97 (3.86) ng/dl [Symbol: see text] 10 min [Symbol: see text] 103, P = 0.000], and GIP AUCi [30.2 (12.6) to 27.0 (20.2) ng/dl [Symbol: see text] 10 min [Symbol: see text] 103, P = 0.004]. At baseline and after 12 months, subjects with diabetes nonremission had longer diabetes duration, higher HbA1c, lower beta-cell secretory function, and higher first 30-min GIP AUCi, compared with those with remission. RYGBP improves the glucose metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes and mild obesity. This effect is associated with improvement of insulin sensitivity, beta-cell secretory function, and incretin secretion.

Epicardial And Pericardial Fat In Type 2 Diabetes: Favourable Effects Of Biliopancreatic Diversion.

Ectopic fat is often identified in obese subjects who are susceptible to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The ectopic fat favours the decrease in insulin sensitivity (IS) and adiponectin levels. We aimed to evaluate the effect of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) on the accumulation of ectopic fat, adiponectin levels and IS in obese with T2DM. A nonrandomised controlled study was performed on sixty-eight women: 19 lean-control (23.0 ± 2.2 kg/m(2)) and 18 obese-control (35.0 ± 4.8 kg/m(2)) with normal glucose tolerance and 31 obese with T2DM (36.3 ± 3.7 kg/m(2)). Of the 31 diabetic women, 20 underwent BPD and were reassessed 1 month and 12 months after surgery. The subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, epicardial adipose tissue and pericardial adipose tissue were evaluated by ultrasonography. The IS was assessed by a hyperglycaemic clamp, applying the minimal model of glucose. One month after surgery, there was a reduction in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, whereas epicardial and pericardial adipose tissues exhibited significant reduction at the 12-month assessment (p < 0.01). Adiponectin levels and IS were normalised 1 month after surgery, resembling lean-control values and elevated above the obese-control values (p < 0.01). After 12 months, the improvement in IS and adiponectin was maintained, and 17 of the 20 operated patients exhibited fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin within the normal range. After BPD, positive physiological adaptations occurred in grade I and II obese patients with T2DM. These adaptations relate to the restoration of IS and decreased adiposopathy and explain the acute (1 month) and chronic (12 months) improvements in the glycaemic control.

(-)-tarchonanthuslactone Exerts A Blood Glucose-increasing Effect In Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

A number of studies have proposed an anti-diabetic effect for tarchonanthuslactone based on its structural similarity with caffeic acid, a compound known for its blood glucose-reducing properties. However, the actual effect of tarchonanthuslactone on blood glucose level has never been tested. Here, we report that, in opposition to the common sense, tarchonanthuslactone has a glucose-increasing effect in a mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effect is acute and non-cumulative and is present only in diabetic mice. In lean, glucose-tolerant mice, despite a slight increase in blood glucose levels, the effect was not significant.

Contribution of skin immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of nerve fibers in diabetes mellitus type 2

175

Association of polymorphisms at the ADIPOR1 regulatory region with type 2 diabetes and body mass index in a Brazilian population with European or African ancestry

Association studies between ADIPOR1 genetic variants and predisposition to type 2 diabetes (DM2) have provided contradictory results. We determined if two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP c.-8503G>A and SNP c.10225C>G) in regulatory regions of ADIPOR1 in 567 Brazilian individuals of European (EA; N = 443) or African (AfA; N = 124) ancestry from rural (quilombo remnants; N = 439) and urban (N = 567) areas. We detected a significant effect of ethnicity on the distribution of the allelic frequencies of both SNPs in these populations (EA: -8503A = 0.27; AfA: -8503A = 0.16; P = 0.001 and EA: 10225G = 0.35; AfA: 10225G = 0.51; P < 0.001). Neither of the polymorphisms were associated with DM2 in the case-control study in EA (SNP c.-8503G>A: DM2 group -8503A = 0.26; control group -8503A = 0.30; P = 0.14/SNP 10225C>G: DM2 group 10225G = 0.37; control group 10225G = 0.32; P = 0.40) and AfA populations (SNP c.-8503G>A: DM2 group -8503A = 0.16; control group -8503A = 0.15; P = 0.34/SNP 10225C>G: DM2 group 10225G = 0.51; control group 10225G = 0.52; P = 0.50). Similarly, none of the polymorphisms were associated with metabolic/anthropometric risk factors for DM2 in any of the three populations, except for HDL cholesterol, which was significantly higher in AfA heterozygotes (GC = 53.75 ± 17.26 mg/dL) than in homozygotes. We conclude that ADIPOR1 polymorphisms are unlikely to be major risk factors for DM2 or for metabolic/anthropometric measurements that represent risk factors for DM2 in populations of European and African ancestries.

Milk intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prostate cancer

Milk intake is widely recommended for a healthy diet. Recent evidences suggest that milk/dairy products are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. On the other hand, high calcium intake has been associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. The calcium and vitamin D content in dairy foods could have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and renin/angiotensin system as well regulates body weight. The association between high dairy/calcium consumption and prostate cancer risk are related to the presence of estrogens and insulin like growth factor (IGF-I) in milk. Based on the current evidence, it is possible that milk/dairy products, when consumed in adequate amounts and mainly with reduced fat content, has a beneficial effect on the prevention of hypertension and diabetes. Its potential role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer is not well supported and requires additional study.

The burden of physical activity on type 2 diabetes public healthcare expenditures among adults: a retrospective study

Background: Determinants of public healthcare expenditures in type 2 diabetics are not well investigated in developing nations and, therefore, it is not clear if higher physical activity decreases healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity and the expenditures in public healthcare on type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in Brazil. A total of 121 type 2 diabetics attended to in two Basic Healthcare Units were evaluated. Public healthcare expenditures in the last year were estimated using a specific standard table. Also evaluated were: socio-demographic variables; chronological age; exogenous insulin use; smoking habits; fasting glucose test; diabetic neuropathy and anthropometric measures. Habitual physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. Results: Age (r = 0.20; p = 0.023), body mass index (r = 0.33; p = 0.001) and waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.20; p = 0.025) were positively related to expenditures on medication for the treatment of diseases other than diabetes. Insulin use was associated with increased expenditures. Higher physical activity was associated with lower expenditure, provided medication for treatment of diseases other than diabetes (OR = 0.19; p = 0.007) and medical consultations (OR = 0.26; p = 0.029). Conclusions: Type 2 diabetics with higher enrollment in physical activity presented consistently lower healthcare expenditures for the public healthcare system.