Influência do uso de malhas de sombreamento azul, vermelha e preta no desenvolvimento inicial do pepino Taiko

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family of great commercial importance and their culture is widespread throughout the country. The production of vegetables, high-quality care begins with training ranging from seedlings and shading techniques have an important role in creating environments more conducive to the production of seedlings and many researchers and producers of seedlings have opted for the use of color shading screens, making this way, the wavelength and the amount of incident energy are changed in favor of the plants. Work will be performed at the Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu campus. The statistical design will be in three blocks, each containing 100 plots of each treatment (seedlings covered with blue screen, red and black). Evaluations of dry mass and height will be made at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after emergence, and 5 will be selected seedlings of each treatment. At 14 and 28 DAE was measured, and SPAD chlorophyll content at 30 DAE, was evaluated by measuring gas exchange in the second pair of leaves, fully expanded for each plant, which was put in a chamber controlled with infrared gas analyzer (IRGA LI 6400, Licor) to perform measurements of photosynthesis. Treatment with black shading showed statistically better results for total dry matter, plant height, SPAD chlorophyll content and net assimilation of CO2, showing a better quality seedlings and its use is recommended in the cultivation of cucumber Taiko

Degradação de efluentes da indústria têxtil pelo processo eletrolítico e avaliação ecotoxicológica em diferentes níveis tróficos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fitotoxicidade e análise fitoquímica a partir de folhas de cinco espécies de Cerrado

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Avaliação do potencial citotóxico, moluscicida e alelopático dos extratos hidroetanólicos das folhas de Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth

Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. known as barbatimão de folha miúda, is a typical tree of the Midwest and Southeast “Cerrado” regions of Brazil. Several secondary metabolites have been identified in its barks, including tannins, described on the literature as allelochemicals. Beholding to identify a possible allelopathic activity in S. obovatum leaves, we tested hydroethanolic EtOH:H2 O (70% and 50% v/v) extracts, in different concentrations, on the initial development of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Among the results, we highlight the effect of the 50% hydroethanolic extract in inhibiting the formation of the main and the secondary roots and the stimulation of the hypocotyl growth in C. sativus by the 70% hydroethanolic extract, both in all concentrations tested. The cytotoxic activity, evaluated by bioassay toxicity on Artemia salina Leach., was negative for the tested extracts (LC50> 1000 mg.mL-1). Concomitantly, the molluscicidal activity, evaluated against snails of Biomphalaria glabrata Say, presented low acute toxicity of solutions of 70% hydroethanolic extract at concentrations of 128.9 mg.mL-1 and 172.8 mg.mL-1 and values above 250 mg.mL-1 to solutions of 50% hydroalcoholic extract, being therefore considered inactive for these. The results suggest the existence of allelochemicals in the extracts tested and they have low toxicity.

Effects on soil chemical attributes and cotton yield from ammonium sulfate and cover crops

Fertilizer use in no-till systems must be aligned with a correct interpretation of soil chemical attributes and crop demands. The objectives of this work were evaluate the effects of pre-sowing application of ammonium sulfate (AS) and of cover crops on the yields and soil chemical attributes of no-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch) over two harvesting years. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design, with the plots in strips, and the variables were three cover crops (Raphanus sativus L., Avena strigosa L. and Avena sativa L.) and four AS doses (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha-1) applied over millet dry biomass. The cotton in the experimental plots was manually harvested on April 25, 2007 and April 24, 2008. The soil samples were collected between cotton rows in all plots on May 5, 2007 and May 12, 2008, at depths of 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m for soil fertility analyses. The increasing doses of AS induced lower soil pH, and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels in the superficial soil layer, as well as higher exchangeable aluminum (Al) and sulfur (S) levels until a depth of 0.20 m. Seed cotton yields increased with increasing AS doses.

Performance of cucumber hybrids cultivated in coconut fiber and soil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of three Japanese group cucumber hybrids, which were cultivated in two cultivation systems. The experiment was designed in a split-plot randomized block design with two cultivation systems (coconut fiber and soil) for commercial Japanese cucumber hybrids ('Tsuyataro', 'Yoshinari' and 'Nankyoku'). After harvesting the cucumbers, we evaluated the number of marketable fruits per plant, the average fruit length, the mean fruit diameter, the bottom fruit diameter, the marketable production of fruits per plant and the marketable yield per hectare. There were significant interactions between the cultivation system and the hybrid, as indicated by the number of marketable fruits. The Nankyoku hybrid had the highest average (14.54 fruits pl(-1)), although it did not differ from the Yoshinari hybrid when grown in coconut fiber. In soil culture, the Yoshinari hybrid had the highest average number of fruits per plant (10.12 fruits pl(-1)) and did not differ from the Tsuyataro hybrid. Cultivation in coconut fiber provided better results for production traits and plant productivity. 'Yoshinari' and 'Nankyoku' were the most productive hybrids. Based on the cucumber cultivation results from a protected environment, the cultivation of hybrid Japanese cucumbers and Yoshinari and Nankyoku hybrids in coconut fiber is recommended.

Resistência de porta-enxertos de cucurbitáceas a nematóides e compatibilidade da enxertia em melão

Nematodes severely attack net melon plants under protected cultivation conditions. The objective of this research was to select rootstocks with resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions from October 2010 to April 2011 in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Thirty-three cucurbitaceous genotypes were investigated as rootstocks; melons: CNPH 01-930 (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus), CNPH 01-962, 01-963 CNPH (Cucumis melo var. conomon), cvs. Gaucho Redondo, Gaucho Comprido, Redondo Amarelo, Gulfcoast, Chilton, Bonus no. 2, Fantasy; watermelons: cv. Charleston Gray, Progenie da Coreia (Citrullus lanatus); pumpkins: cvs. Mra. Ma, Ornamental, Howden, Mammoth, Kururu, Goianinha (Cucurbita moschata); gourd: Abobora de Porco, cvs. Maranhao, Brasileirinha (Lagenaria siceraria); squash: cv. Pataca Gigante (Cucurbita maxima); cucumber: cvs. Caipira, Branco Meio Comprido, Curumim (Cucumis sativus); loofah: Metro, Semente Branca, Semente Preta (Luffa cylindrica); wax gourd (Benincasa hispida); pumpkin rootstock: Hybrid cv. Keij; snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerins) and musk cucumber (Sicana odorifera). To evaluate the resistance, seedlings were transplanted to pots and the root inoculated with 3,000 eggs and second stage juveniles of M. incognita and M. javanica. Fifty days after the inoculation, the plants were evaluated for nematode resistance by means of the reproduction factor. The grafting compatibility between net melon cvs. Bonus no. 2 and Fantasy and the rootstocks previously characterized as resistant were evaluated by means of 60 graftings. CNPH 01-962, CNPH 01-963 and melon 'Gaucho Redondo', were considered resistant to M. incognita. Melon 'Redondo Amarelo', watermelon 'Charleston Gray', watermelon Progenie da Coreia, Trichosanthes cucumerins were considered resistant to M. javanica. Benincasa hispida was resistant to M. javanica and M. incognita. The compatibility between net melons and resistant rootstocks was higher than 98%.

Effect of cropping systems in no-till farming on the quality of a Brazilian Oxisol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The use of grafting to improve the net photosynthesis of cucumber

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Enxertia e sua influencia na produção de pepino e reprodução de Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da sensibilidade de organismos aquáticos e terrestres ao triclopyr

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Adubação potássica na produção e qualidade pós-colheita do rabanete

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity on the yield of grafted and ungrafted cucumber plants

The first experiment was carried out under green house and involved nine treatments: ‘Tsuyoi’ cucumber, ‘Shelper’ squash and ‘Green-stripped cushaw squash’ ungrafted plants and ‘Tsuyoi’ cucumber plants grafted onto ‘Shelper’ squash and ‘Green-stripped cushaw squash (lower, mid and upper region of the recommended and non-recommended rootstock, respectively). After grafting, plant tissue samples were collected 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 days after grafting for analysis of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) activity. In the second experiment, yield and number of marketable fruits were evaluated. The differences in peroxidase activity at the rootstock region and in polyphenol activity at the region between the scion and the rootstock seem to be determining factors for a successful grafting process, increasing the yield and the number of marketable fruits.

Macronutrientes em pepino enxertado em áreas com nematoides de galhas

Macronutrients in grafted cucumber in areas with gall nematodes. Grafting is an often recommended technique for cucumber culture in areas infested with gall nematodes. This study aimed to evaluate the content of macronutrients in grafted cucumber in two rootstocks on soil infested with Meloidogyne incognita race 2 or Meloidogyne javanica, since they may decrease the effectiveness of water and nutrient absorption. One evaluated 9 treatments (factorial 3x3: nongrafted hybrid cucumber Tsuyataro, grafted on squash hybrid Shelper or grafted on squash hybrid Excitte Ikki x without inoculation, inoculation with M. incognita or M. javanica), in a randomized blocks design, with 4 replicates and 6 plants per plot. The characteristics evaluated were: macronutrient content at 72 days after transplantation and macronutrient content at the end of the cycle (99 days after transplantation). The nutrient contents evaluated didn’t differ according to the nematode species (with or without inoculation), however, there’re differences with regard to the rootstocks, with higher values of phosphorus and potassium in grafted plants and higher values of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in nongrafted plants at the end of cycle.