Apertura de la Maestría en Desarrollo Comunitario Sustentable

Apertura de la Maestría en Desarrollo Comunitario Sustentable

LAGUNA HULE: EXPERIENCIA DE UN MODELO ECOTURISTICO COMUNITARIO

El principal atractivo turístico de Costa Rica lo constituyen sus recursos naturales; de ahí que en los últimos años se ha presentado el acelerado desarrollo de una serie de proyectos llamados “ecoturísticos”, ejecutados por grandes consorcios, en la mayoría de los casos con el aporte de capital extranjero. El proyecto que se describe en el presente artículo lo ejecutan las comunidades de Cariblanco, Ujarrás y Los Angeles, ubicadas en las zonas aledañas al Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Bosque Alegre. Esta experiencia representa un modelo de desarrollo turístico, que se puede llevar a cabo en otras poblaciones rurales, que cuenten COfl los componentes necesarios para la protección y la conservación de sus recursos naturales, asimismo posibilita la utilización de estos desde una perspectiva de sostenibilidad. El trabajo comunitario se realizó con niños de edad escolar, jóvenes, docentes, líderes comunales y amas de casa. Estos grupos mcta constituyen los verdaderos núcleos de apoyo por medio de los cuales se realizan los diversos subproyectos que se ejecutan en el ámbito del turismo ecológico en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Bosque Alegre. Abstract:The main touristic altractive of Costa Rica is its natural resources. For this reason, during the last years there are an accelerate development of ecotouristic project by transnational. The project thai is described in ihis article is carrying out by the Cariblanco, Ujarras and Los Angeles Communities located next to the Wildlife National Refugee of Bosque Alegre. This experiene is a model of tourism development thai can be carrying out in others rural communities thai has the difference component of conservation and preservation of the natural resources. For other hand, it gives the opportunity Lo use and management the natural resources basing in the sustainable approach. The community work was realized with school children, young people, teachers, community leader and housekeepers. Those target groups are (he real people thai support the different activities of the projects that are carry out in to the Wildlife National Refugee of Bosque Alegre.

EL ENFOQUE TERRITORIAL EN PROYECTOS DE EXTENSIÓN UNIVERSITARIA: CASOS DE PROYECTOS EN TURISMO RURAL COMUNITARIO

En este artículo se presenta el aporte del enfoque territorial aplicado en proyectos de Turismo Ru-ral Comunitario,  que se desarrollaron en el Golfo y  la Península de Nicoya, desde el año  2008 al año 2010. En estos proyectos, se trabajó de forma articulada entre la Sede Regional Chorotega y  la Escuela de Ciencias Geográfcas de  la Universidad Nacional; además  se  trabajó de manera participativa con agrupaciones de las comunidades meta, dichas comunidades son:    Coyolito de Puntarenas, Palito y Montero de Isla Chira (en el golfo de Nicoya), de Copal y Corral de Piedra de Nicoya (en la Península de Nicoya).  Se realizó un  diagnóstico del Sistema Turístico, con el fn de obtener los insumos necesarios para crear y defnir un producto turístico para estas, también se hizo la evaluación de  la vocación turística de los recursos y atractivos del destino turístico, identifca-dos en el diagnóstico y se diseñaron de forma participativa los productos y rutas turísticas de las comunidades, basado en el diagnóstico del sistema turístico realizado. Lo anterior permitió generar un  aporte al fortalecimiento de la oferta local al realizar un acompañamiento en buenas prácticas de sostenibilidad en dicha zona de infuencia.

Exploitation of a single interface flow system for on-line aqueous biphasic extraction

The exploitation of aqueous biphasic extraction is proposed for the first time in flow analysis This extraction strategy stands out for being environmentally attractive since it is based in the utilization of two immiscible phases that are intrinsically aqueous The organic solvents of the traditional liquid-liquid extractions ale no longer used, being replaced by non-toxic, non-flammable and non-volatile ones. A single interface flow analysis (SIFA) system was implemented to carry out the extraction process due to its favourable operational characteristics that include the high automation level and simplicity of operation, the establishment of a dynamic interface where the mass transfer occurred between the two immiscible aqueous phases, and the versatile control over the extraction process namely the extraction time The application selected to demonstrate the feasibility of SIFA to perform this aqueous biphasic extraction was the pre-concentration of lead. After extraction, lead reacted with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid and the resulting product was determined by a fluorimetric detector included in the flow manifold. Therefore, the SIFA single interface was used both as extraction (enrichment) and reaction interface. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Single interface flow analysis with accuracy assessment

Single interface flow systems (SIFA) present some noteworthy advantages when compared to other flow systems, such as a simpler configuration, a more straightforward operation and control and an undemanding optimisation routine. Moreover, the plain reaction zone establishment, which relies strictly on the mutual inter-dispersion of the adjoining solutions, could be exploited to set up multiple sequential reaction schemes providing supplementary information regarding the species under determination. In this context, strategies for accuracy assessment could be favourably implemented. To this end, the sample could be processed by two quasi-independent analytical methods and the final result would be calculated after considering the two different methods. Intrinsically more precise and accurate results would be then gathered. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, a SIFA system with spectrophotometric detection was designed for the determination of lansoprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. Two reaction interfaces with two distinct pi-acceptors, chloranilic acid (CIA) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) were implemented. Linear working concentration ranges between 2.71 x 10(-4) to 8.12 x 10(-4) mol L(-1) and 2.17 x 10(-4) to 8.12 x 10(-4) mol L(-1) were obtained for DDQ and CIA methods, respectively. When compared with the results furnished by the reference procedure, the results showed relative deviations lower than 2.7%. Furthermore. the repeatability was good, with r.s.d. lower than 3.8% and 4.7% for DDQ and CIA methods, respectively. Determination rate was about 30 h(-1). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Coordinated expression of galectin-3 and galectin-3-binding sites in malignant mammary tumors: implications for tumor metastasis

Galectin-3 is a glycan-binding protein that mediates cell-cell and/or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Although galectin-3 is implicated in the progression of various types of cancers, the mechanisms by which galectin-3 enhances metastasis remain unclear. In order to elucidate the role of galectin-3 in the complex multistage process of cancer metastasis, we examined galectin-3 and galectin-3-binding site expression in a series of 82 spontaneous canine mammary tumors (CMT) and two CMT cell lines. Benign CMT tumors exhibited strong nuclear/cytoplasmic galectin-3 immunostaining, whereas malignant CMT tumors and metastases exhibited dramatically decreased galectin-3 expression with the majority of the immunostaining confined to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, intravascular tumor cells overexpressed galectin-3 regardless of their location. CMT-U27 xenografts displayed the same pattern of galectin-3 expression found in spontaneous malignant CMT. In parallel with the downregulation of galectin-3, malignant CMT displayed an overall loss of galectin-3-binding sites in the ECM and focal expression of galectin-3-binding sites mainly detected in intravascular tumor cells and endothelium. Furthermore, loss of galectin-3-binding sites was correlated with the downregulation of GLT25D1, a beta (1-O) galactosyltransferase that modifies collagen, and upregulation of stromal galectin-1. Finally, GLT25D1 mRNA expression was strikingly downregulated in malignant CMT-U27 compared with the benign cell line, and its expression was further de-creased in a galectin-3 knockdown CMT-U27 cell line. We therefore hypothesized that the loss of galectin-3-binding sites in the ECM in conjunction with the overexpression of galectin-3 in specific tumor cell subpopulations are crucial events for the development of mammary tumor metastases.

Thermomechanical environment characterisation in injection moulding and its relation to the mechanical properties of talc-filled polypropylene

This study is focused on the establishment of relationships between the injection moulding processing conditions, the applied thermomechanical environment (TME) and the tensile properties of talc-filled polypropylene,adopting a new extended concept of thermomechanical indices (TMI). In this approach, TMI are calculated from computational simulations of the moulding process that characterise the TME during processing, which are then related to the mechanical properties of the mouldings. In this study, this concept is extended to both the filling and the packing phases, with new TMI defined related to the morphology developed during these phases. A design of experiments approach based on Taguchi orthogonal arrays was adopted to vary the injection moulding parameters (injection flow rate, injection temperature, mould wall temperature and holding pressure), and thus, the TME. Results from analysis of variance for injection-moulded tensile specimens have shown that among the considered processing conditions, the flow rate is the most significant parameter for the Young’s modulus; the flow rate and melt temperature are the most significant for the strain at break; and the holding pressure and flow rate are the most significant for the stress at yield. The yield stress and Young’s modulus were found to be governed mostly by the thermostress index (TSI, related to the orientation of the skin layer), whilst the strain at break depends on both the TSI and the cooling index (CI, associated to the crystallinity degree of the core region). The proposed TMI approach provides predictive capabilities of the mechanical response of injection-moulded components, which is a valuable input during their design stage.

Effect of the Impact Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Parts

This work focused on the study of the impact event on molded parts in the framework of automotive components. The influence of the impact conditions and processing parameters on the mechanical behavior of talc-filled polypropylene specimens was analyzed. The specimens were lateral-gate discs produced by injection molding, and the mechanical characterization was performed through instrumented falling weight impact tests concomitantly assisted with high-speed videography. Results analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method have shown that from the considered parameters, only the dart diameter and test temperature have significant influence on the falling weight impact properties. Higher dart diameter leads to higher peak force and peak energy results. Conversely, higher levels of test temperatures lead to lower values of peak force and peak energy. By means of high-speed videography, a more brittle fracture was observed for experiments with higher levels of test velocity and dart diameter and lower levels of test temperature. The injection-molding process conditions assessed in this study have an influence on the impact response of moldings, mainly on the deformation capabilities of the moldings.

Physical consequences of falls in the elderly: a literature review from 1995 to 2010

In the last decade, population ageing has been registered as a global phenomenon. A relation exists between falling and ageing, since falling frequency increases significantly with age. In fact, one in three older adult falls annually. Although ageing is generically associated with decrease and degeneration of psychological and physical functions, it is still not common for the correct identification of risk factors to lead to a clinical prognosis of the elder being in risk of falling. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to identify, categorise and analyse typical ageing and fall factors mentioned in the literature as well as to quantify the number of times they were referenced. The research considered hundreds of publications, but analysis was then restricted to the 87 most pertinent articles written in English and published in journals or scientific magazines between 1995 and 2010. We concluded that falls among older adults can be characterised by the following: anatomic characteristics and physiological consequences of ageing; the pathologies that induce falls, which can be neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and other diseases; causes and risk factors of falls that can be behavioural, biological, environmental or socio-economic; type of physical consequences of falls, including fractures, bruises, injuries or other physical consequences; and strategies to prevent, mitigate or rehabilitate, which can be of a physical, environmental or behavioural nature.

Physical consequences of falls in the elderly: a literature review from 1995 to 2010

In the last decade, population ageing has been registered as a global phenomenon. A relation exists between falling and ageing, since falling frequency increases significantly with age. In fact, one in three older adult falls annually. Although ageing is generically associated with decrease and degeneration of psychological and physical functions, it is still not common for the correct identification of risk factors to lead to a clinical prognosis of the elder being in risk of falling. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to identify, categorise and analyse typical ageing and fall factors mentioned in the literature as well as to quantify the number of times they were referenced. The research considered hundreds of publications, but analysis was then restricted to the 87 most pertinent articles written in English and published in journals or scientific magazines between 1995 and 2010. We concluded that falls among older adults can be characterised by the following: anatomic characteristics and physiological consequences of ageing; the pathologies that induce falls, which can be neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and other diseases; causes and risk factors of falls that can be behavioural, biological, environmental or socio-economic; type of physical consequences of falls, including fractures, bruises, injuries or other physical consequences; and strategies to prevent, mitigate or rehabilitate, which can be of a physical, environmental or behavioural nature.

Estimating Local Part Thickness in Midplane Meshes for Finite Element Analysis

Within the development of motor vehicles, crash safety (e.g. occupant protection, pedestrian protection, low speed damageability), is one of the most important attributes. In order to be able to fulfill the increased requirements in the framework of shorter cycle times and rising pressure to reduce costs, car manufacturers keep intensifying the use of virtual development tools such as those in the domain of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). For crash simulations, the explicit finite element method (FEM) is applied. The accuracy of the simulation process is highly dependent on the accuracy of the simulation model, including the midplane mesh. One of the roughest approximations typically made is the actual part thickness which, in reality, can vary locally. However, almost always a constant thickness value is defined throughout the entire part due to complexity reasons. On the other hand, for precise fracture analysis within FEM, the correct thickness consideration is one key enabler. Thus, availability of per element thickness information, which does not exist explicitly in the FEM model, can significantly contribute to an improved crash simulation quality, especially regarding fracture prediction. Even though the thickness is not explicitly available from the FEM model, it can be inferred from the original CAD geometric model through geometric calculations. This paper proposes and compares two thickness estimation algorithms based on ray tracing and nearest neighbour 3D range searches. A systematic quantitative analysis of the accuracy of both algorithms is presented, as well as a thorough identification of particular geometric arrangements under which their accuracy can be compared. These results enable the identification of each technique’s weaknesses and hint towards a new, integrated, approach to the problem that linearly combines the estimates produced by each algorithm.

Applying complex network theory to the understanding of high-aspect-ratio carbon-filled composites

This work demonstrates that the theoretical framework of complex networks typically used to study systems such as social networks or the World Wide Web can be also applied to material science, allowing deeper understanding of fundamental physical relationships. In particular, through the application of the network theory to carbon nanotubes or vapour-grown carbon nanofiber composites, by mapping fillers to vertices and edges to the gap between fillers, the percolation threshold has been predicted and a formula that relates the composite conductance to the network disorder has been obtained. The theoretical arguments are validated by experimental results from the literature.

PROPENSIÓN A INNOVAR EN TI Y RECIPROCIDAD EN EL ÁMBITO DE LAS REDES SOCIALES

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación reside en la influencia de la propensión a la innovación en Tecnologías de la Información (TI) como rasgo personal específico, y la reciprocidad sobre el apoyo recibido (su percepción) y la integración social en las redes sociales online. La revisión de la literatura revela la ausencia de estudios concluyentes sobre los efectos de las diferencias personales en la integración social. Un modelo estructural se propone para valorar las relaciones entre los constructos, y el poder predictivo del modelo de investigación. Los resultados demuestran que mejorar la reciprocidad, el apoyo recibido y la promoción de la propensión a la innovación en TI son iniciativas relevantes para el bienestar del usuario y su integración social. La investigación amplía el poder explicativo de la teoría existente, y sugiere a los responsables de marketing estrategias que mejoren dichas variables fomentando la integración social y el éxito duradero de la red socialonline.

Gobernanza de las políticas de proximidad: análisis de calidad y rendimiento democrático de los Consejos Locales Bienestar (Murcia, Espana)

El artículo presenta un análisis y evaluación de las oportunidades, contribuciones y limitaciones que presentan los órganos de participación institucionalizada en materia de servicios sociales municipales para profundizar en los procesos democratizadores de las políticas sociales públicas gestionadas por las administraciones locales, así como las propuestas y alternativas que desde sus actores participantes supondría su intensificación para la gobernanza local y la eficacia de centros, organizaciones y profesionales de la intervención social. Para su adecuada ilustración y contextualización se alude a la línea de reformas que introducen las recomendaciones y normas de carácter internacional, nacional, así como las nuevas leyes de servicios sociales autonómicas y los hallazgos y conclusiones obtenidos en una investigación empírica sobre participación ciudadana en las políticas sociales de la región de Murcia, contrastando y comparando sus resultados con realidades y tendencias observadas en otros estudios y experiencias.