The Dragon awakes: Is Chinese competition policy a cause for concern? Bruegel Policy Contribution 2013/14, 22 October 2013

China’s Anti-Monopoly Law, adopted in 2007, is largely compatible with antitrust law in the European Union, the United States and other jurisdictions. Enforcement activity by the Chinese authorities is also approaching the level seen in the EU. The Chinese law, however, leaves significant room for the use of competition policy to further industrial policy objectives. The data presented in this Policy Contribution indicates that Chinese merger control might have asymmetrically targeted foreign companies, while favouring domestic companies. However, there are no indications that antitrust control has been used to favour domestic players. A strategy to achieve convergence in global antitrust enforcement should include support for Chinese competition authorities to develop the institutional tools they already have, and to improve merger control by promoting the adoption of a consumer-oriented test and enforcing M&A notification rules.

Le contrôle européen des concentrations et les leçons à tirer de la crise financière et économique = European merger control and the lessons of the financial and economic crisis. Research Papers in Law, 06/2013

No abstract.

Disclosure of Leniency Materials: A Bridge between Public and Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law. Research Paper in Law 08/2013, December

The disclosure of leniency materials held by competition authorities has recently been under the spot. On the one hand, these documents could greatly help cartel victims to prove the damage and the causation link when filing damage actions against cartelists. On the other hand, future cartelists could be deterred from applying for leniency since damage actions could be brought as a result of the information submitted by themselves. Neither the current legislation nor the case law have attained yet to sufficiently clarify how to deal with this clash of interests. Our approach obviously attempts to strike a balance between both interests. But not only that. We see the current debate as a great opportunity to boost the private enforcement of antitrust law through the positive spillovers of leniency programmes. We hence propose to build a bridge between the public and the private enforcement by enabling a partial disclosure of the documents.

Multilateral Interchange Fees: Competition and regulation in light of recent legislative developments. ECRI Research Report No. 14, 31 January 2014

Two-sided payment card markets generate costs that have to be distributed among the participating actors. For this purpose, payment card networks set an interchange fee, which is the fee paid by the merchant’s bank to the cardholder’s bank per transaction. While in recent years many antitrust authorities all over the world - including the European Commission - have opened proceedings against card brands in order to verify whether agreements to collectively establish the level of interchange fees are anticompetitive, the Reserve Bank of Australia – as a regulator - has directly tried to address market failures by lowering the level of interchange fees and changing some network rules. The US has followed with new legislation on financial consumer protection, which also intervenes on interchange fees. This has opened a strong debate not only on legitimacy of interchange fees, but also on the appropriateness of different public tools to address such issues. Drawing from economic and legal theories and a comparative analysis of recent case law in the EU and other jurisdictions, this work investigates whether a regulation rather than a purely competition policy approach would be more appropriate in this field, considering in particular, at EU level, all of the competition and regulatory concerns that have arisen from the operation of SEPA with multilateral interchange fees. The paper concludes that a wider regulation approach could address some of the shortcomings of a purely antitrust approach, proving to be highly beneficial to the development of an efficient European single payments area.

Legislative restriction on the carrying trade of the railways of the state of New York : viewed in connection with outside competition : addressed to the citizens of the city and state of New York.

Cover title: Legislative restrictions on the carrying trade of the railways of the state of New York.

Assessment of competition in the Illinois electric industry in 2002.

A report by the Illinois Commerce Commission required by Section 16-120(b) of the Electric Service Customer Choice and Rate Relief Law of 1997 which directs the Commission to monitor and analyze the state of competition in Illinois electricity markets.

Competition in Illinois retail electric markets in 2003.

A report by the Illinois Commerce Commission required by Section 16-120(b) of the Electric Service Customer Choice and Rate Relief Law of 1997, which directs the Commission to monitor and analyze the state of competition in Illinois electricity markets.

Anchorage Library Competition, Anchorage, Alaska, 1981 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Blue ink sketch on tracing paper, signed, 12 x 26 1/2 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Anchorage Library Competition, Anchorage, Alaska, 1981 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Blue, green and brown ink sketch on tracing paper, 18x34 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

University of Wyoming Museum Competition, Laramie, Wyoming, 1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch of Site Plan], untitled. Ink sketch with green and yellow marker coloring on tracing paper, 12 1/4 x 22 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

University of Wyoming Museum Competition, Laramie, Wyoming, 1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketches of Site Plan], untitled. Blue ink sketches on graph paper, initialed, 8 1/2 x 11 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

University of Wyoming Museum Competition, Laramie, Wyoming, 1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Ink sketch with green and yellow marker coloring on tracing paper, 12 1/4 x 25 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

University of Wyoming Museum Competition, Laramie, Wyoming, 1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Black ink sketch with yellow marker coloring on tracing paper, 12 1/4 x 22 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

University of Wyoming Museum Competition, Laramie, Wyoming, 1986 (unbuilt project)

[Conceptual Sketch], untitled. Black ink sketch with yellow marker coloring on graph paper, 8 1/2 x 11 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

University of Wyoming Museum Competition, Laramie, Wyoming, 1986 (unbuilt project)

[Schematic Design Drawing of Elevation], untitled. Black and blue ink sketch with gray and brown marker coloring on one sheet of tracing paper taped to black-line print, 12 3/4 x 36 inches [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]