Vegetative and productive aspects of organically grown coffee cultivars under shaded and unshaded systems

Although Coffea arabica species has its origin in the African understories, there is great resistance on the part of the Brazilian producers for growing this species under agroforestry systems as they fear that shading reduces production. This study aimed at evaluating some vegetative traits and the productivity of organically grown coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivars under shaded and unshaded systems. Twelve treatments consisting of two cultivation systems (shaded and unshaded) and six coffee cultivars were arranged in randomized blocks with four replicates, in a split-plot scheme. Shading was provided by banana (Musa sp.) and coral bean plants (Erythrinaverna). Shading delayed fruit maturation. Late maturation cultivars, such as the Icatu and the Obatã, matured early in both cultivation systems, while medium and early maturation cultivars presented late maturation. Cultivation in the shaded system increased the leaf area and the number of lower branches, decreased the number of productive nodes per branch, and increased the distance between the nodes and the number of leaves present in the branches. Cultivation in the unshaded system presented greater number of plants with branch blight in relation to plants grown in the shade. The productivity of the cultivars was not different, at 30.0 processed bags per hectare in the shaded system, and 25.8 processed bags per hectare in the unshaded system. The most productive cultivars in the shaded system were the Tupi, the Obatã, and the Catuaí, while no differences between cultivars were obtained in the unshaded system.

Efeito de deltametrina na biologia de Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em laboratório

Estudou-se a oviposição, desenvolvimento, fecundidade e sobrevivência de Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), sobre discos de folhas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) submetidos à aplicação do piretróide deltametrina. em laboratório, deltametrina não interferiu no número de ovos postos pelas fêmeas em discos tratados; no período de incubação; na viabilidade dos ovos; e na duração do ciclo biológico da fêmea. em contrapartida, o inseticida causou aumento na duração da fase pós-embrionária (larva-adulto) da fêmea em 17,4% e do macho em 17,2%, duração do ciclo biológico do macho em 0,7%, e afetou a sobrevivência de machos e fêmeas em até 63,9%. As fêmeas descendentes de progênies criadas sobre discos de folhas tratadas com deltametrina apresentaram um aumento de 31,9% na oviposição.

Enraizamento de estacas de café cv. mundo novo submetidas a tratamentos auxínicos e com boro

The present research had aimed at studying the auxins and or boron effect on rooting of coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo') cuttings. The cuttings were obtained from semi-hardwood orthotropous branches of coffee-tree, containing 2 nodes and with aproximately 10 cm in length. The bases were dipped in treatment solutions composed of IBA or NAA with and without boron during 24 hours. After the treatments, the cuttings were planted in vermiculite. The following could be observed on cuttings taken ninety days after planting - total number of roots formed, average number of roots per cutting and root length. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that cutting treatment with NAA 100 ppm plus boron is responsible for the better rooting of coffee cuttings.

Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) found in soil and litter from Atibaia, State of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of two new species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comportamento de cultivares de cafeeiro em diferentes densidades de plantio

This experiment was developed at Adamantina, west region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during May 1995 to June of 2000. The plant growth and productivity of two coffee cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 and Obatã IAC 1669-20, were evaluated considering to plant densities of 2.500, 5.000, 7.519 and 10.000 plants ha-1. The density of 2500 also was studied with two plants in the same hole, spaced of 2,0 m in the plant line. The experimental design was the randomized completely blocks with three replications, using the split-plot system. The plots were the densities and the split-plots were the cultivars. Results showed that, with increasing of the planting density, the plant height also increased, while the stem and plant basis diameters were reduced, however the planting density did not affect the height of the first branch. The increase of the planting density also increased the field productivity and reduced the production of individual plant. The cultivation of two plants at the same hole reduced the stem diameter and the plant yield. The cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 showed the higher plant height and the higher plant basis diameter while cv. Obatã IAC 1669-20 showed the higher stem diameter. The field productivity and individual plant productivity were not different between those cultivars in the period studied (1997-2000).

Crescimento inicial do cafeeiro irrigado com água salina e salinização do solo

The coffee crop is expanding to new areas with not enough studies about its response to saline irrigation water. The initial growth of coffee plant was evaluated, in greenhouse at the Engineering Department of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), under different levels of irrigation water salinity. The completely randomized design was used with 6 treatments (S0 = 0.0 dS m -1, S1 = 0.6 dS m -1, S2 = 1.2 dS m -1, S3 = 1.8 dS m -1, S4 = 2.4 dS m -1 and S5 = 3.0 dS m -1) and 4 replications. The irrigation was accomplished according to soil water retention curve and resistance block reading, restoring the soil water content to its field capacity. It was verified that water salinity affected the plants characteristics significantly. The water salinity above 1.2 dS m -1 caused damage to plant development resulting, in some cases, in death of plants. The leaf area of plant was the variable most affected by salinity of irrigation water. By the end of the experiment, the soil was classified as saline-sodic.

Alterations in chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment concentrations and lipid peroxidation to chilling temperature in coffee seedlings

Coffea arabica L. is considered to be sensitive to low temperatures throughout its life cycle. In some Brazilian regions, seedling production occurs under shade conditions and during the winter, with average temperatures of around 10 °C. The formation and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus are strongly controlled by temperature. This study aimed to assess the changes that occurred in pigment contents, lipid peroxidation and variables of chlorophyll a fluorescence during the greening process of coffee seedlings submitted to chilling. Results indicate that saturation of the photosynthetic activity of coffee seedlings occurred before saturation of the accumulation of chloroplastid pigments. Pigment accumulation during the greening process is far beyond the metabolic needs for the maintenance of photosynthetic activity, more specifically of photosystem II. Coffee seedlings attained a quantum yield equivalent to that of the control with approximately half the chlorophyll a and b contents and around 40% of the carotenoid. Low temperature decreases the metabolism of seedlings, consequently reducing free radical production and lipid peroxidation. The chilling temperature (10 °C) used inhibited the accumulation of chloroplast pigments, in turn altering the capacity of the photosynthetic tissue of etiolated coffee seedlings to capture and transfer photon energy to the photosystem II reaction centre. These alterations were better demonstrated by O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transients, rather than F v/F m and F v/F 0 ratios. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Utilização de componentes principais para analisar o comportamento do cafeeiro a pleno sol e sombreado

The aim of this work is to describe the behavior of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grown for nine years under organic management systems in full sun and shaded by banana trees (Musa sp.) and Erythrina verna Vell., in Valença, RJ. We performed a joint evaluation of vegetative characteristics, nutritional content and yield, with the aid of a principal component analysis. Twelve treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications in a split plot. The plots evaluated farming systems in full sun and shade, and the subplots consisted of the following varieties of coffee: Tupi IAC 1669-33, MG 6851, IAC 3282 Icatu, Catucaí 2SL, Obatã IAC 1669-20; lineage IAC IAC 144. After five years we assessed the following variables, height, stem and canopy diameter, leaf area, number of branches, number of nodes per branch, number of leaves present, the distance between nodes, the percentage of green,ripe and dried fruit, number of dead plants, number of plants with death of the apical bud, coffee yield, and foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. A multivariate analysis efficiently discriminates the variables in full sun and shaded cropping systems. Shading increases the percentage of green fruit, leaf area, height, diameter, distance between nodes, number of leaves on the branches, number of branches and leaf N content, but does not reduce the level of productivity when the shade is adequate.

Utilização de água residuária do processo pós-colheita do café na produção de mudas de cafeeiro

Intending to achieve better results on coffee production, the coffee producers began, since the 80s, to process the coffee postharvest, in order to ensure product's superior quality. However, with the processing, other problem appeared, the contamination of rivers, creeks, soil and water table from coffee wastewater (ARC). This paper had as main objective to use the ARC on the coffee plants' production verifying its viability and if the ARC is able to supply the coffee potassium requirements when they don't receive potassium chloride in the organic compound. The work was developed at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, Botucatu-SP, in a greenhouse located at Departamento de Engenharia Rural. The work consisted of 10 treatments on a 5×2 factorial (5 wastewater proportions of coffee after the harvest processing - 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% - and potassium chloride presence or absence in the composition), with 4 repetitions with a completely randomized statistical design. The ARC was applied each 48 hours in an irrigation depth of 10 mm. After 6 months, the plants' vegetative characteristic had been evaluated as well the chemical characteristics of the compound and of the plants. We observed that the treatments with potassium chloride presence showed worse vegetative characteristics compared with treatments which did not have KCl in its composition. Moreover, with the increase of the wastewater dosage, it happened a decrease in the vegetative characteristics, however an addition in the chemical characteristics of the compound. Also, the treatments without KCl presence and with 0% and 25% of coffee wastewater had been statistically equal, showing the viability in the use of the ARC in the production of coffee plants, since the compound does not contain KCl and that the water used in the composition is a mixture of 25% of ARC with 75% of common water.

Efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento e sobrevivência da cochonilha pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867) (hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em cafeeiro

The longtailed mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been reported attacking coffee crops causing fruit fall in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The knowledge of the population dynamic of this pest is then necessary to implement control measures. Its development was studied at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, determining the thermal requirements. The insects were confined inside a Petri dish containing a foliar disc of 4 cm diameter of Coffea arabica L., cultivar 'Acaiá Cerrado'. The temperature affected the P. longispinus development and survival. Few insects survived at temperatures of 15 and 30°C, and 100% of mortality was obtained at 35°C. The duration of the nymphal stage was reduced when the temperature was increased from 20 to 25°C, with a survival rate of 80% at both temperatures. The thermal parameters varied according to the development stage of the mealybug and the base temperature was fixed at 8.0 °C for the nymphal stage of females, a thermal constant of 422.1 day degrees and number of generations increased with rising temperature. The optimal temperature for the insect development was 25°C.

Irrigation management in pruned coffee tree crop

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Simple procedure for nutrient analysis of coffee plant with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ácaro da mancha-anular do cafeeiro: controle em função da cobertura pela calda com ramais e volumes de aplicação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização de água residuária do processo pós-colheita do café na produção de mudas de cafeeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Relação solo-relevo em áreas sob cultivo de café no sudoeste de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)