Эмпирическая связь между радиолокационной отражаемостью (Z) и интенсивностью атмосферных осадков (I) мультиячейковых конвективных облаков

დედამიწის მტკნარი წყლის ერთადერთ წყაროს ატმოსფერული ნალექები წარმოადგენს. კლიმატის გლობალური ცვლილების ნეგატიური შედეგების შესამცირებლად დიდი მნიშვნელობა ენიჭება რეალურ დროში დიდ ტერიტორიაზე ატმოსფერული ნალექების მონიტორინგს.

Исследование Z-I эмпирического соотношения для суперячейковых конвективных облаков теплого сезона года Кахетинского региона Грузии

გაანალიზებულია თბილი სეზონის სუპერუჯრედიან კონვექციურ ღრუბლებზე რადიოლოკაციური დაკვირვების მონაცემები და ამ ღრუბლებიდან მოსული ატმოსფერული ნალექების შესახებ ჰიდრომეტეოროლოგიური ქსელის მონიტორინგის შედეგები.

Исследование Z-I отношения для атмосферных осадков из отдельных грозовых облоков Кахетинского региона Грузии

ნაშრომში გაანალიზებულია ელჭექის ღრუბლების რადიოლოკაციურ ამრეკვლადობაზე (Z) დაკვირვირვების მონაცემები და მათგან მოსული ნალექების ინტენსივობის (I) შორის დამოკიდებულება.

Зависомость между максимальной радиолокационной отражаемостью одноячейковых конвективных облаков Кахетинского региона Грузии от средней интесивности атмосферных осадков

გაანალიზებულია საქართველოს კახეთის რეგიონის ერთუჯრედიანი კონვექციური ღრუბლების მაქსიმალური რადიოლოკაციური ამრეკვლადობის (Z) და ამ ღრუბლებიდან მოსული ნალექების საშუალო ინტენსივობის (I) შესახებ მონაცეები. სტატისტიკური ამონაკრების მოცულობამ შეადგინა 460 შემთხვევა.

Химический состав атмосферных осадков из облаков различных синоптических ситуаций, подвергнутых и неподвергнутых искусственному воздействмю

სტატიაში გამოკვლეულია აღმოსავლეთ საქართველოს ატმოსფერულ ნალექებში ზოგიერთი იონებისა და მიკროელემენტების კონცენტრაციები ატმოსფერული პროცესების ტიპებთან და ღრუბლებზე აქტიური ზემოქმედების მასშტაბთან დამოკიდებულებაში. ამასთან ერთად დადგენილია მოცემული რეგიონისათვის ხსენებული იონებისა და მიკროელემენტების კონცენტრაციათა ფონური მნიშვნელობები.

Распределение плотностей вероятностей значений радиолокационных и аэрологических параметров, подвергнутых и не подвергнутых воздействию конвективных облаков различных синоптических ситуаций

ხელოვნური ზემოქმედების ფიზიკური ეფექტის გამოვლენის მიზნით გაანალიზებულია აღმოსავლეთ საქართველოს ალაზნის ველზე შიდამასიურ და ფრონტალურ ღრუბლებზე რადიოლოკაციური დაკვირვებების მასალები. შესწავლილია ზემოქმედებაქმნილი და არაზემოქმედებაქმნილი კონვექციური ღრუბლების რადიოლოკაციური და აეროლოგიური პარამეტრების მნიშვნელობების ალბათობათა სიმკვრივეების განაწილებები.

Изменение во времени нормированных значений радиолокационных параметров конвективных облаков под влиянием искусственного воздействия

სტატიაში გამოკვლეულია ზემოქმედებაქმნილი და არაზემოქმედებაქმნილი კონვექციური ღრუბლების ზოგიერთი რადიოლოკაციური პარამეტრის ნორმირებული მნიშვნელობების დროში ცვალებადობა.

Проверка надежности радиолокационной индикации грозоопасности облаков методом распознавания образов

ნაშრომში შემოწმებულია სახეთა ამოცნობის მეთოდით ღრუბელთა ელჭექსაშიშროების რადიოლოკაციური ინდიკაციის საიმედობა.

Avaluació d'aplicacions HPC sobre Clouds��públics / privats

Treball final de carrera (TFC) de l'Enginyeria Tècnica d'Informàtica de Gestió: avaluació d'aplicacions HPC sobre Clouds públics / privats.

Classification and management of seeds in retinoblastoma. Ellsworth Lecture Ghent August 24th 2013.

Retinoblastoma has the unique capacity to accelerate its own intra-ocular propagation by adopting semi-solid or even liquid growth properties through seeding. Until recently, the presence of any degree of seeding was mostly incompatible with successful conservative management, due to the multiresistant nature of the seeds. Surprisingly, this well-recognized retinoblastoma behavior has not undergone any detailed description of seeding patterns and anatomic sites. In this paper, we describe the phenotypic variability of seeds across the four possible intraocular seeding compartments and classify them into three fundamental types: namely dust, spheres, and clouds. We also provide an overview of the different therapeutic strategies developed for seeding, with special attention to intravitreal chemotherapy as the treatment of choice for vitreous and retro-hyaloid seeding. Finally, we propose criteria to enable assessment of the response to treatment by reporting seed regression patterns, as well as a clinical grading system for the retinal toxicity observed following intravitreal melphalan.

Characterization and monitoring of the Åknes landslide using terrestrial laser scanning

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides high-resolution point clouds of the topography and new TLS instruments with ranges exceeding 300 m or even 1000 m are powerful tools for characterizing and monitoring slope movements. This study focuses on the 35 million m3 Åknes rockslide in Western Norway, which is one of the most investigated and monitored rockslides in the world. The TLS point clouds are used for the structural analysis of the steep, inaccessible main scarp of the rockslide, including an assessment of the discontinuity sets and fold axes. TLS acquisitions in 2006, 2007 and 2008 provide information on 3-D displacements for the entire scanned area and are not restricted like conventional survey instruments to single measurement points. The affine transformation matrix between two TLS acquisitions precisely describes the rockslide displacements and enables their separation into translational components, such as the displacement velocity and direction, and rotational components, like toppling. This study shows the ability of TLS to obtain reliable 3-D displacement information over a large, unstable area. Finally, a possible instability model for the upper part of Åknes rockslide explains the measured translational and rotational displacements by a combination of southward planar sliding along the gneiss foliation, gravitational vertical settlement along the complex, stepped basal sliding surface and northward toppling toward the opened graben structure.

A methodology for the adaptation of a PMP at the determination of a PMF

This paper presents a new type of very fine grid hydrological model based on the spatiotemporal repartition of a PMP (Probable Maximum Precipitation) and on the topography. The goal is to estimate the influence of this rain on a PMF (Probable Maximum Flood) on a catchment area in Switzerland. The spatiotemporal distribution of the PMP was realized using six clouds modeled by the advection-diffusion equation. The equation shows the movement of the clouds over the terrain and also gives the evolution of the rain intensity in time. This hydrological modeling is followed by a hydraulic modeling of the surface and subterranean flow, done considering the factors that contribute to the hydrological cycle, such as the infiltration, the resurgence and the snowmelt. These added factors make the developed model closer to reality and also offer flexibility in the initial condition that is added to the factors concerning the PMP, such as the duration of the rain, the speed and direction of the wind. All these initial conditions taken together offer a complete image of the PMF.

Investigation and monitoring of rock slope instabilities in Norway by terrestrial laser scanning

Long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is widely used in studies on rock slope instabilities. TLS point clouds allow the creation of high-resolution digital elevation models for detailed mapping of landslide morphologies and the measurement of the orientation of main discontinuities. Multi-temporal TLS datasets enable the quantification of slope displacements and rockfall volumes. We present three case studies using TLS for the investigation and monitoring of rock slope instabilities in Norway: 1) the analysis of 3D displacement of the Oksfjellet rock slope failure (Troms, northern Norway); 2) the detection and quantification of rockfalls along the sliding surfaces and at the front of the Kvitfjellet rock slope instability (Møre og Romsdal, western Norway); 3) the analysis of discontinuities and rotational movements of an unstable block at Stampa (Sogn og Fjordane, western Norway). These case studies highlight the possibilities but also limitations of TLS in investigating and monitoring unstable rock slopes.

Midwest Regional Rail Passenger Initiative Status Report December 2006

This report is submitted as required per Code of Iowa section 327J.3(5), "The director shall report annually to the general assembly concerning the development and operation of the midwest regional rail system and the state's passenger rail service." The Midwest Regional Rail Initiative (MWRRI) is a nine-state effort to develop an implementation plan for a 3,000-mile, high-speed rail system hubbed in Chicago. Studies done since 1996 have concluded that such a regional system, including a line from Chicago to Omaha through Davenport, Iowa City and Des Moines, is viable. Most of the system would be upgraded to allow 110 mile-per-hour service. Some low volume lines, including the Iowa portions, would be upgraded for 79 mile-per-hour service. The nine-state coalition released an updated 2004 executive report for the system. As reported, the updated cost estimate for the Chicago to Omaha corridor, which includes a branch to Quincy, Ill., is $638 million for infrastructure and $167 million for rolling stock. These costs are higher than first estimated in 1998 and are given in 2002 dollars, (not adjusted for the cost of inflation). Operating subsidies would be required during an extended start-up phase. The allocation of these subsidy costs among the various states has not been determined, and is still a subject for analysis and negotiation. Little progress on implementation is expected unless a federal funding package is passed for passenger rail initiatives. Continued congressional discussion on policy directions relative to Amtrak clouds the issue of passenger rail funding. However, Congress is expected to address passenger rail issues and funding in 2007. Participation of the Iowa Department of Transportation in the MWRRI is authorized under Iowa Code section 327J.3.

Empirical studies of cloud effects on UV radiation: A review

The interest in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the scientific community and the general population has risen significantly in recent years because of the link between increased UV levels at the Earth's surface and depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. As a consequence of recent research, UV radiation climatologies have been developed, and effects of some atmospheric constituents (such as ozone or aerosols) have been studied broadly. Correspondingly, there are well-established relationships between, for example, total ozone column and UV radiation levels at the Earth's surface. Effects of clouds, however, are not so well described, given the intrinsic difficulties in properly describing cloud characteristics. Nevertheless, the effect of clouds cannot be neglected, and the variability that clouds induce on UV radiation is particularly significant when short timescales are involved. In this review we show, summarize, and compare several works that deal with the effect of clouds on UV radiation. Specifically, works reviewed here approach the issue from the empirical point of view: Some relationship between measured UV radiation in cloudy conditions and cloud-related information is given in each work. Basically, there are two groups of methods: techniques that are based on observations of cloudiness (either from human observers or by using devices such as sky cameras) and techniques that use measurements of broadband solar radiation as a surrogate for cloud observations. Some techniques combine both types of information. Comparison of results from different works is addressed through using the cloud modification factor (CMF) defined as the ratio between measured UV radiation in a cloudy sky and calculated radiation for a cloudless sky. Typical CMF values for overcast skies range from 0.3 to 0.7, depending both on cloud type and characteristics. Despite this large dispersion of values corresponding to the same cloud cover, it is clear that the cloud effect on UV radiation is 15–45% lower than the cloud effect on total solar radiation. The cloud effect is usually a reducing effect, but a significant number of works report an enhancement effect (that is increased UV radiation levels at the surface) due to the presence of clouds. The review concludes with some recommendations for future studies aimed to further analyze the cloud effects on UV radiation