Classical design thinking to organization design in the tourism sector

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Work satisfaction and affective commitment of classical musicians: The European Union Youth Orchestra

This work project investigates career paths in the music field, by testing the application of general career and social theories for musicians. Using a sample from the European Union Youth Orchestra’ Alumni, the Boundaryless Career Theory, Intelligent Career Framework and Social Identity Theory were analysed through the impact on individual outcomes - musicians’ Overall work satisfaction and Affective commitment to the orchestra. Results suggest support for the three theories, and show their applicability for classical musicians’ careers.

Recensão: Michelangelo Sabatino, "Pride in Modesty: Modernist Architecture and the Vernacular Tradition in Italy"

Recensão de: Michelangelo Sabatino, "Pride in Modesty: Modernist Architecture and the Vernacular Tradition in Italy", Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011

In Search of the Origins of Modernism: Venice and the Crisis of Classical Architecture in the mid-eighteenth century

This paper attempts to prove that in the years 1735 to 1755 Venice was the birthplace and cradle of Modern architectural theory, generating a major crisis in classical architecture traditionally based on the Vitruvian assumption that it imitates early wooden structures in stone or in marble. According to its rationalist critics such as the Venetian Observant Franciscan friar and architectural theorist Carlo Lodoli (1690-1761) and his nineteenth-century followers, classical architecture is singularly deceptive and not true to the nature of materials, in other words, dishonest and fallacious. This questioning did not emanate from practising architects, but from Lodoli himself– a philosopher and educator of the Venetian patriciate – who had not been trained as an architect. The roots of this crisis lay in a new approach to architecture stemming from the new rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment age with its emphasis on reason and universal criticism.

Santini ice creams: Co-Owning a tradition

The case studies the potential partnership between a small family business, rich in tradition, that sells ice cream in the Lisbon area and a recognized Portuguese family who runs a multinational business. The aim of this study is to address students to analyze the evolution of the small company by using the Agency and Resource-Based Theories and to outline a potentially successful co-ownership structure if the agreement were to take place. The particularity of the case regards considering and identifying the main Family Business issues to keep in mind when dealing with these types of firms.

O autorretrato em literatura: ilustração e ruína

A aplicação ao caso literário do termo e do conceito de retrato, aqui incluindo a espécie mais tardia do autorretrato, não é hoje fluente, apesar da reconhecida permeabilidade do género a inúmeras linguagens artísticas e apesar de uma longa tradição de descrições de figura – particularmente no que toca a representação poético-retórica da beleza feminina – que recua à poesia clássica. Partindo de uma possível distinção entre autorretrato literário e variantes várias de escritas intimistas e autobiográficas com as quais delineia fronteiras nem sempre rigorosamente nítidas, é nosso propósito ilustrar, recorrendo a casos selecionados, modos de concretização verbal de autorretrato que se distanciam progressivamente de um paradigma representativo fundado na perceção e na semelhança, aproximando-se ao contrário de registos de rasura, apagamento, ruína, cegueira que questionam uma noção de identidade estabilizável em imagem (visual ou mental), encaminhando o gesto autorrepresentativo para uma meditação sobre a diferença e sobre o irreconhecimento; no limite, para uma condição fora do visível e porventura, arriscando os seus mais básicos pressupostos, para lá da representação.

Non-classical error bounds in the central limit theorem

The classical central limit theorem states the uniform convergence of the distribution functions of the standardized sums of independent and identically distributed square integrable real-valued random variables to the standard normal distribution function. While first versions of the central limit theorem are already due to Moivre (1730) and Laplace (1812), a systematic study of this topic started at the beginning of the last century with the fundamental work of Lyapunov (1900, 1901). Meanwhile, extensions of the central limit theorem are available for a multitude of settings. This includes, e.g., Banach space valued random variables as well as substantial relaxations of the assumptions of independence and identical distributions. Furthermore, explicit error bounds are established and asymptotic expansions are employed to obtain better approximations. Classical error estimates like the famous bound of Berry and Esseen are stated in terms of absolute moments of the random summands and therefore do not reflect a potential closeness of the distributions of the single random summands to a normal distribution. Non-classical approaches take this issue into account by providing error estimates based on, e.g., pseudomoments. The latter field of investigation was initiated by work of Zolotarev in the 1960's and is still in its infancy compared to the development of the classical theory. For example, non-classical error bounds for asymptotic expansions seem not to be available up to now ...

Molecular mechanisms of classical fear conditioning : GABAergic factors and their role in fear-related network activities

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2010

Fashioning tradition : Maya huipiles in the Field Museum Collections / J. Claire Odland.

n.s. no.38(2006)

Classical horizontal inequity and reranking: an integrated approach

The last 20 years have seen a significant evolution in the literature on horizontal inequity (HI) and have generated two major and "rival" methodological strands, namely, classical HI and reranking. We propose in this paper a class of ethically flexible tools that integrate these two strands. This is achieved using a measure of inequality that merges the well-known Gini coefficient and Atkinson indices, and that allows a decomposition of the total redistributive effect of taxes and transfers in a vertical equity effect and a loss of redistribution due to either classical HI or reranking. An inequality-change approach and a money-metric cost-of-inequality approach are developed. The latter approach makes aggregate classical HI decomposable across groups. As in recent work, equals are identified through a nonparametric estimation of the joint density of gross and net incomes. An illustration using Canadian data from 1981 to 1994 shows a substantial, and increasing, robust erosion of redistribution attributable both to classical HI and to reranking, but does not reveal which of reranking or classical HI is more important since this requires a judgement that is fundamentally normative in nature.

La gigantomachie de Lousanna-Vidy suivie de considérations sur la transmission du motif de l'anguipède

Considérations méthodologiques Nous avons limité aux précisions indispensables à la compréhension de notre propos les considérations sur la gigantomachie en général. Nous renvoyons aux études signalées plus haut (supra, p. 7, n. 2), principalement pour ce qui concerne les géants avant leur transformation en anguipèdes à partir de l'époque hellénistique. Notre recherche de parallèles reposera sur quelques oeuvres d'art encore existantes : les sculptures décorant les plus importantes d'entre elles feront dès lors figure d'archétype, même si, bien sûr, rien ne permet d'exclure qu'il en ait existé de plus significatives. Parmi les nombreux monuments aujourd'hui disparus, respectivement parmi ceux qui seraient encore à découvrir, il s'en trouvait sans doute qui auraient été susceptibles de servir de modèle pour les sculptures ornant le fanum de Lousonna, duquel bien peu de restes nous sont parvenus. A l'exception de quelques renvois ponctuels, notre démarche s'est appuyée exclusivement sur du matériel et des informations déjà publiés. Pour la reconstitution des bas-reliefs de Lousonna, nous nous sommes inspiré généralement de sculptures hellénistiques et romaines dont l'ornementation présentait des similitudes avec les fragments à notre disposition ; la plupart des parallèles sont mentionnés dans le Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. L'examen des volumes du Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani et de quelques autres recueils nous a permis de faire des propositions pour les cas restés en suspens. A une exception près, l'échantillonnage aéré formé à partir d'ensembles sculptés qui devaient avoir les mêmes caractéristiques que le matériel que nous tenterons d'identifier : ils comportaient des monstres anguipèdes avec les jambes se terminant par la tête du serpent, remontant au plus tard à la fin de la période romaine et produits dans un atelier gréco-romain. Afin de recréer avec le plus de vraisemblance possible l'environnement du fanum de Lousonna, nous avons recherché des édifices de caractéristiques semblables dans les catalogues de temples gallo-romains dressés par P. D. HORNE et A. C. KING (1980), respectivement I. FAUDUET et P. ARCELIN (1993). Tant l'absence presque complète de restes architecturaux susceptibles d'être rapportés à l'édifice religieux que la nature somme toute modeste du vicus lémanique nous ont fait opter pour une variante minimaliste, se limitant finalement à la structure supportant la gigantomachie devant un temple sans aucune décoration. Pour tenter de préciser les modalités de la transmission du thème des géants, nous envisagerons trois cheminements possibles : la tradition orale, la transmission littéraire et, enfin, la représentation iconographique, qu'il s'agisse de monuments, d'objets mobiliers ou même des quelques rares illustrations de textes antiques. Sauf indication contraire, les textes anciens sont cités dans les traductions des Belles-Lettres, des Sources chrétiennes ou de la Loeb Classical Library dont la liste figure à la page 161. La version française des textes dont aucune traduction n'était disponible est généralement due à François Mottas (traduction F.M.). Nous ne reportons les dates de naissance des auteurs ou des artistes mentionnés que lorsqu'elles sont utiles à la compréhension de notre exposé. En plus du rôle qu'ont pu jouer les oeuvres d'art disparues au cours des deux derniers millénaires, divers facteurs ont dû assurer la constitution et la mise au point d'un imaginaire de plus en plus élaboré des gigantomachies. La mémoire a certes sa part dans l'inspiration des artistes qui réalisèrent les sculptures de la cité lémanique; mais si un mythe ou le récit d'un événement peuvent s'être transmis de bouche à oreille au cours des siècles, certaines ressemblances dans l'attitude des personnages sont trop frappantes, même en tenant compte de ces gestes qu'il n'existe qu'une seule façon de représenter: il n'est dès lors pas possible d'imaginer que la transmission des détails des scènes se serait pratiquée uniquement par voie orale. Si le voyage touristique; tel que nous l'entendons de nos jours, n'a pas existé, les personnes susceptibles d'avoir ramené des informations de leurs déplacements à travers l'Empire sont plus nombreuses qu'on ne le croirait au premier abord. Fonctionnaires allant prendre leur charge ou en mission dans une contrée voisine; soldats, parmi lesquels des mercenaires gaulois; pèlerins ayant visité de grands sanctuaires, comme celui d'Esculape à Pergame, emplacement de la gigantomachie la plus impressionnante, ou d'autres lieux de culte; jeunes fortunés ayant étudié à Athènes; commerçants accompagnés par des muletiers ou des portefaix acheminant leurs marchandises; membres de corporations ou artisans exerçant des métiers itinérants; esclaves, dont l'exportation devait représenter une source de revenus intéressante pour les commerçants romains; en dernier lieu, sans parler des artistes eux-mêmes, ces arpenteurs-géomètres chargés de toutes sortes de relevés qui accompagnaient les empereurs lors de leurs déplacements (infra, p. 36). Il faudra cependant rester prudent quant à l'affirmation d'une connaissance visuelle directe que les sculpteurs de Lousonna auraient eue des réalisations antiques avec lesquelles nous mettrons la gigantomachie en parallèle. Même si elle n'a toujours pas pu être prouvée, la circulation de cahiers de modèles semble bel et bien assurée: dans un atelier, les maîtres ont forcément passé leurs croquis à leurs successeurs et ceci s'est peut-être répété pour plusieurs générations d'artisans. Sans parler des monnaies, d'autres moyens de transmission peuvent encore être mentionnés : éventuelles éditions illustrées de textes antiques, motifs gravés sur des gemmes ou représentés sur des récipients décorés... Une observation s'impose ici : la plupart des monuments que nous utiliserons pour notre reconstitution existaient encore lors de l'érection de notre gigantomachie. Une fois les bas-reliefs de Lousonna reconstitués, restait donc à combler l'absence de toute étude sur la survie de la gigantomachie à travers les âges et à préciser l'emploi qui en serait fait à la Renaissance. Divers recueils d'ouvrages consacrés à la mythologie et remontant à cette période nous ont permis de décrire les modalités de la reprise du récit de la guerre des géants; en l'absence de toute synthèse sur ceux-ci dans la peinture de la Renaissance, c'est en partant de l'examen des nombreux travaux consacrés au Palazzo del Te à Mantoue que nous avons pu établir un lien entre les représentations de géants peintes durant la première moitié du 16ème siècle, au cours duquel la gigantomachie était redevenue un sujet d'actualité. Le monument de la bourgade lémanique comporte encore neuf personnages et constitue, avec celui d'Yzeures-sur-Creuse, l'exemplaire le plus complet découvert dans la partie occidentale de l'Empire romain : il méritait bien d'être à l'origine d'une telle démarche.

BORN AT 27 WEEKS OF GESTATION WITH CLASSICAL PKU: CHALLENGES OF DIETETIC MANAGEMENT IN A VERY PRETERM INFANT

Only few cases of classical phenylketonuria (PKU) in premature infants have been reported. Treatment of these patients is challenging due to the lack of a phenylalanine-free amino acid solution for parenteral infusion. The boy was born at 27 weeks of gestation with a weight of 1000 g (P10). He received parenteral nutrition with a protein intake of 3 g/kg/day. On day 7 he was diagnosed with classical PKU (genotype IVS10-11G>A/IVS12+ 1G>A) due to highly elevated phenylalanine (Phe) level in newborn screening (2800 micromol/L). His maximum plasma Phe level reached 3696 micromol/L. Phe intake was stopped for 4 days. During this time the boy received intravenous glucose and lipids as well as little amounts of Phe-free formula by a nasogastric tube. Due to a deficit of essential amino acids and insufficient growth, a parenteral nutrition rich in branched-chain amino-acids and relatively poor in Phe was added, in order to promote protein synthesis without overloading in Phe. Under this regimen, Phe plasma levels normalized on day 19 when intake of natural protein was started. The boy has now a corrected age of 2 years. He shows normal growth parameters and psychomotor development. Despite a long period of highly elevated Phe levels in the postnatal period our patient shows good psychomotor development. The management of premature infants with PKU depends on the child's tolerance to enteral nutrition. It demands an intensive follow-up by an experienced team and dedicated dietician. Appropriate Phe-free parenteral nutrition would be necessary especially in case of gastro-intestinal complications of prematurity.

The Core ideas and axioms of classical fascism (1919-1945)

This article presents and explores the axioms and core ideas, or idées-force, of the Fascist ideologies of the first third of the twentieth century. The aim is to identify the features that define the term “Classical Fascism” as a conceptual category in the study of politics and to uncover the core ideas of its political theory. This analysis requires an appraisal of both the idées-force themselves and the political use that is made of them. If these appreciations are correct, Classical Fascism is characterized by a set of ideological and political aims and methods in which ideas, attitudes and behaviours are determined by an anti-democratic palingenetic ultranationalism underpinned by a sacralized ideology; the quest for a united, indissoluble society as apolitical system and, at the same time, the collective myth that mobilizes and redeems the nation; and third, violence as a political vehicle applied unchecked against internal opposition and against external enemies who challenge the nation´s progression towards the dream of rebirth and the culmination of this progression in the form of an empire.

Cellular schwannomas of the intracranial and intraspinal compartment: morphological and immunological characteristics compared with classical benign schwannomas.

The concept of cellular schwannoma as an unusual benign tumor is well established for peripheral nerves but has never been tested in neurosurgical series. In order to test the validity of this concept in cranial nerves and spinal roots we performed an analysis of the clinical and morphological characteristics of 12 cellular and 166 classical benign schwannomas. Immunohistochemical detection of antigen expression in Schwann cells including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was also performed. This study shows that cellular schwannomas in neurosurgical series manifest at a lower age than the classical benign variant and occur mainly in the spinal roots. Mitotic activity and sinusoidal vessels appear more frequently in cellular schwannomas and constitute with high cellularity, the most valuable criteria separating both entities. The postoperative course in both types of tumors was free of metastases or sarcomatous changes. Immunoexpression of S-100 protein, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein is not statistically different between the two variants. In contrast, PCNA is more highly expressed in cellular schwannomas. These These results confirm the concept that cellular schwannomas are a clinico-pathological variant of benign schwannomas and provide significant support for the introduction of this entity in neurosurgical oncology.