Tutela dei minori e recupero della genitorialità: il caso dell'accoglienza in comunità

La tesi di Matteo Allodi intende analizzare alcune pratiche socio-assistenziali rivolte a minori e famiglie in difficoltà relative a progetti di accoglienza presso alcune strutture residenziali. In particolare, Matteo Allodi si sofferma su progetti di accoglienza elaborati presso alcune Comunità familiari la cui metodologia d’intervento si caratterizza per un orientamento verso un modello di lavoro sociale di tipo sussidiario nell’ottica del recupero dei legami e delle competenze genitoriali. La tesi affronta nella prima parte la dimensione teorica relativa a un approccio progettuale di intervento sociale che, mettendo al centro le relazioni dei soggetti in gioco, possa promuovere la loro attivazione in funzione della realizzazione dell’obiettivo del recupero della genitorialità. Allodi si concentra dal punto di vista teorico sulle modalità di realizzazione di un servizio alla persona guidato dal principio di sussidiarietà, ovvero orientato alla valorizzazione delle capacità riflessive degli attori. Nella seconda, parte Allodi presenta l’indagine condotta in alcune Comunità di tipo familiare di Parma. La strategia iniziale d’indagine è quella del case study. Allodi sceglie di indagare il fenomeno partendo da un’osservazione partecipata di orientamento etnometodologico integrata con interviste agli attori privilegiati. In questa fase si è proceduto a una prima ricerca qualitativa, attraverso la metodologia dello studio di caso, che ha permesso di entrare in contatto con alcune tipologie di strutture residenziali per minori al fine di completare il quadro generale del fenomeno delle Comunità familiari e impostare una prima mappatura esplorativa. La ricerca prosegue con uno studio longitudinale prospettico volto a monitorare e valutare il lavoro di rete della comunità e dei servizi, osservando principalmente la mobilitazione verso l’autonomia e l’empowerment dei soggetti (minori) e delle reti ancorate al soggetto (single case study). Si è voluto comprendere quali modalità relazionali gli attori della rete di coping mettono in gioco in funzione del “cambiamento sociale”.

Prevalence of retinal hemorrhages in pediatric patients after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective study

Child abuse occurs in 1% of children in the United States every year; 10% of the traumatic injuries suffered by children under 5 years old are nonaccidental, and 5% to 20% of these nonaccidental injuries are lethal. Rapid characterization of the injury as nonaccidental is of considerable benefit to child protection workers and police investigators seeking to safeguard the child care environment and apprehend and prosecute those who have committed the crime of child abuse. Physically abused children present with a variety of well-described injuries that are usually easily identifiable. In some cases, however, particularly those involving children with the shaken baby syndrome, obvious signs of physical injury may not exist. Although external signs of such an injury are infrequent, the rapid acceleration-deceleration forces involved often cause subdural hematomas and retinal hemorrhages, hallmarks of the syndrome. Frequently, retinal hemorrhages may be the only presenting sign that child abuse has occurred. Complicating the interpretation of the finding of retinal hemorrhages is the belief by some physicians that retinal hemorrhages may be the result of chest compressions given during resuscitative efforts. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of retinal hemorrhages after inpatient cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric patients hospitalized for nontraumatic illnesses in an intensive care unit.

Grandparents in Kinship Care: Help or Hindrance to Family Preservation

The phenomenon of grandparents and other relatives raising children is a tradition rooted in the African American culture. However, a substantial increase in the number of relatives raising children has drawn attention to the child welfare system. Many of the biological parents are incarcerated for drugs or suffering from other social ills. Kinship care is an important component of family preservation and prevents court intervention based on child protection concerns and avoids formal placement of children in the child welfare system (Wilkerson, 1999). The child welfare system, however, is not conducive to this phenomenon. Placing children with grandparents and relatives allows them to live with people they know and trust; reduces the initial trauma of living with unknown persons; supports the transmission of identity, culture, and ethnicity; facilitates connections with brothers and sisters, and strengthens a family’s ability to provide the support they need.

A Model for Family Preservation Case Assessment

The outcomes of family preservation practice have been researched and debated. The effectiveness of family preservation is still inconclusive and many of the findings may only be inferred to specific situations. Few studies have addressed the assessment techniques or outcome factors from a qualitative perspective. This article synthesizes current literature, research and practice, and proposes a practice framework with questioning techniques to assist practitioners in assessing the strengths and characteristics of a family, and making decisions on whether or not familybased services are appropriate for the family. Two actual cases are presented to illustrate how the worker can benefit from having the assessment data derived from this model.

Are Intensive Family Preservation Services Useful?: A Study in the United Kingdom

This evaluation of the first year of an Intensive Family Preservation Service in England is based on the analysis of eighty-six families: fifty-seven families who received the service and a comparison group of twenty-nine families who did not. The study considered whether the program was fulfilling its objectives of reducing the number of children and young people in the public care system; offering a safe, supportive service for children who need protection; integrating the program into family support services as a whole, and improving family functioning. The findings were complex to interpret. Child protection was improved but there was not a reduction in the number of children needing out of home care (indeed there was an increase) meaning that short term savings in costs could not be made. Nor were there lasting improvements in the children’s behavior. There were instead a number of more subtle, arguably more sensitive outcomes: parents’ capacity to tolerate their child’s behavior was greater and overall family functioning was better for most families who received the service. Also families were, on the whole, able to make better use of follow up services.

Difusión de contenido obsceno dentro del Horario de Protección al Menor en el Perú: Análisis del reality show Esto es Guerra

En el presente artículo se analiza el contenido que difunde Esto es Guerra, el reality show peruano con alto índice de preferencia en la audiencia infantil durante el 2014, acusado de transmitir escenas con contenido sexual. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si existen rastros de material obsceno en este bloque televisivo y si este transgrede el Horario de Protección al Menor, reconocido en el marco legal peruano. Su justificación se enmarca en la escasez de estudios que se han realizado sobre realities en el Perú, los constantes pedidos de la sociedad para que este programa deje de transmitirse y las sanciones que ha recibido de parte de organismos estatales. La metodología empleada se basa en un análisis de contenido de la séptima temporada de Esto es Guerra, en el que se tendrán en cuenta los mensajes que transmiten los conductores y participantes a través de su comportamiento. La investigación determinó que el reality show de competencia presenta segmentos que podrían ser considerados como obscenos, aunque su duración es muy limitada y no representativa en relación a todo el programa.

The social evil in Chicago: a study of existing conditions with recommendations by the Vice Commission of Chicago, a municipal body appointed by the Mayor and the City Council of the City of Chicago, and submitted as its report to the Mayor and City Council of Chicago

Preface -- Outline of study -- Resolution of appreciation -- Introduction and summary -- Proposed ordinance -- Recommendations -- Existing conditions in Chicago -- The social evil and the saloon -- The social evil and the police -- Sources of supply -- Child protection and education -- Rescue and reform -- The social evil and its medical aspects -- Appendices: Text of revised statutes of Illinois and ordinances of the City of Chicago ; Tables ; Exhibits.

Étude exploratoire sur le point de vue des enfants placés vivant l'expérience d'avoir des visites supervisées avec leurs parents

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre, à partir de leur point de vue, le vécu des enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans qui sont placés dans des ressources d’accueil et qui vivent l’expérience d’avoir des visites supervisées avec leurs parents. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de douze enfants hébergés dans des unités de vie, foyers de groupe ou ressources intermédiaires du Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut Universitaire et du Centre jeunesse de la Montérégie. Les entrevues réalisées auprès des enfants ont été soumises à une analyse de contenu thématique. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les enfants ne comprennent pas toujours bien les raisons qui justifient la mise en place de visites supervisées, ni le rôle des adultes dans les décisions, ni celui du tiers durant les visites. De façon générale, les enfants sont favorables au maintien des contacts avec leurs parents, mais sont plus critiques face aux cadres imposés par ces visites. Il ressort également de l’étude que les enfants sont très peu consultés en lien avec l’organisation et la planification de leurs visites et qu’ils souhaiteraient l’être davantage. Les enfants ont rapporté de nombreuses insatisfactions en lien avec les modalités organisationnelles des visites. L’analyse du discours qui a été menée a permis de mettre en évidence le fait que les visites supervisées sont une source de stress importante pour l’enfant. La création d’un guide d’information destiné aux enfants pour expliquer ce qu’est une visite supervisée, les raisons de sa mise en place, ses buts et ses objectifs serait une piste intéressante à explorer.

Étude exploratoire sur le point de vue des enfants placés vivant l'expérience d'avoir des visites supervisées avec leurs parents

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre, à partir de leur point de vue, le vécu des enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans qui sont placés dans des ressources d’accueil et qui vivent l’expérience d’avoir des visites supervisées avec leurs parents. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de douze enfants hébergés dans des unités de vie, foyers de groupe ou ressources intermédiaires du Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut Universitaire et du Centre jeunesse de la Montérégie. Les entrevues réalisées auprès des enfants ont été soumises à une analyse de contenu thématique. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les enfants ne comprennent pas toujours bien les raisons qui justifient la mise en place de visites supervisées, ni le rôle des adultes dans les décisions, ni celui du tiers durant les visites. De façon générale, les enfants sont favorables au maintien des contacts avec leurs parents, mais sont plus critiques face aux cadres imposés par ces visites. Il ressort également de l’étude que les enfants sont très peu consultés en lien avec l’organisation et la planification de leurs visites et qu’ils souhaiteraient l’être davantage. Les enfants ont rapporté de nombreuses insatisfactions en lien avec les modalités organisationnelles des visites. L’analyse du discours qui a été menée a permis de mettre en évidence le fait que les visites supervisées sont une source de stress importante pour l’enfant. La création d’un guide d’information destiné aux enfants pour expliquer ce qu’est une visite supervisée, les raisons de sa mise en place, ses buts et ses objectifs serait une piste intéressante à explorer.

Community paediatrics: Soft science or firm foundations?

Community paediatrics strives to integrate the biology of health into the social and psychological worlds within which children grow and develop. Consumer demand for limited community paediatric clinical services is increasing and medico-legal pressures escalate professional and personal concern. Meanwhile, the profession, through training and professional support, has struggled to keep up. Research into community paediatrics and its integration into policy and clinical practice remains limited, raising the perception that it is a 'soft' science. Our viewpoint is that necessary progress in this field requires leadership, apprenticeship and research. We argue that to build firm foundations for the future requires structures to enable clinical specialisation and continuing professional development in this area.

Health care professionals' views of paediatric outpatient non-attendance:implications for general practice

Background. Non-attendance at paediatric hospital outpatient appointments poses potential risks to children's health and welfare. Prevention and management of missed appointments depends on the perceptions of clinicians and decision makers from both primary and secondary care, including general practitioners (GPs) who are integral to non-attendance follow-up. Objectives. To examine the views of clinical, managerial and executive health care staff regarding occurrence and management of non-attendance at general paediatric outpatient clinics. Methods. A qualitative study using individual semi-structured interviews was carried out at three English Primary Care Trusts and a nearby children's hospital. Interviews were conducted with 37 staff, including GPs, hospital doctors, other health care professionals, managers, executives and commissioners. Participants were recruited through purposive and 'snowball' sampling methods. Data were analysed following a thematic framework approach. Results. GPs focused on situational difficulties for families, while hospital-based staff emphasized the influence of parents' beliefs on attendance. Managers, executives and commissioners presented a broad overview of both factors, but with less detailed views. All groups discussed sociodemographic factors, with non-attendance thought to be more likely in 'chaotic families'. Hospital interviewees emphasized child protection issues and the need for thorough follow-up of missed appointments. However, GPs were reluctant to interfere with parental responsibilities. Conclusion. Parental motivation and practical and social barriers should be considered. Responsibilities regarding missed appointments are not clear across health care sectors, but GPs are uniquely placed to address non-attendance issues and are central to child safeguarding. Primary care policies and strategies could be introduced to reduce non-attendance and ensure children receive the care they require. © The Author 2013.

Los conocimientos acerca del maltrato infantil de los futuros profesionales de la educación: un estudio exploratorio

Los profesionales de la educación se encuentran, en su ejercicio profesional, en una posición privilegiada para realizar una detección precoz del maltrato infantil y para identificar posibles casos de riesgo. Sin embargo, en ocasiones, maestros y educadores en general aducen falta de conocimiento y formación para realizar dichas tareas. Es por ello que, en este trabajo deseamos insistir en la necesidad de analizar la formación de los futuros profesionales de la educación en torno al maltrato infantil, tanto en el seno de la familia como fuera de ella, y ya sea ejercido por un adulto o por otros menores. No olvidemos que la identificación temprana de comportamientos violentos y, por supuesto, la puesta en marcha de estrategias sólidas para su prevención requieren disponer de una buena capacitación. Por esta razón, hemos realizado un estudio piloto que nos permitiera conocer la formación que los estudiantes del Grado de Pedagogía tienen sobre el maltrato infantil, utilizando un cuestionario que hemos diseñado específicamente para alcanzar tal propósito. En la realización de un estudio piloto contamos con una muestra de 24 alumnos y alumnas del 4º curso del Grado de Pedagogía. Entre las conclusiones alcanzadas destacamos que, tras analizar los datos derivados del pase piloto, podemos concluir que los futuros pedagogos consideran necesario tener formación específica al respecto, una preparación que, mayoritariamente, consideran insuficiente y muy limitada para poder afrontar sus responsabilidades profesionales en el futuro.

Invisible Victims: Recorded Crime and Children in the UK

While violence against children is a common occurrence only a minority of incidents come to the attention of the authorities. Low reporting rates notwithstanding, official data such as child protection referrals and recorded crime statistics provide valuable information on the numbers of children experiencing harm which come to the attention of professionals in any given year. In the UK, there has been a strong tendency to focus on child protection statistics while children as victims of crime remain largely invisible in annual crime reports and associated compendia. This is despite the implementation of a raft of policies aimed at improving the system response to victims and witnesses of crime across the UK. This paper demonstrates the utility of a more detailed analysis of crime statistics in providing information on the patterns of crime against children and examining case outcomes. Based on data made available by the Police Service for Northern Ireland, it highlights how violent crime differentially impacts on older children and how detection rates vary depending on case characteristics. It makes an argument for developing recorded crime practice to make child victims of crime more visible and to facilitate assessment of the effectiveness of current initiatives and policy developments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.