黄芪复合体Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. complex (Leguminosae)的物种生物学研究

本文对黄芪复合体（Astragalus penduliflorus）复合体进行了物种生物学研究，主要内容包括如下： 1、形态学与物种生物学证据支持目前承认的黄芪复合体5种4变种应分为1种5亚种（其中新亚种一个）。它们是A. penduliflorus subsp. penduliflorus, A. penduliflorus subsp. seiceocanus, A. penduliflorus subsp. mongholicus, A. penduliflorus subsp. qinhaiensis（新亚种）和A. penduliflorus subsp. pallidipurpureus等5个分类实体。 2、讨论了分类群间的形态演化关系。黄芪复合体的进化趋势可能为：A. penduliflorus subsp. pallidipurpurous A. penduliflorus subsp. Qinhaiensis → A. penduliflorus subsp. Mongholius → A. penduliflorus subsp. Sericeocanus → A. penduliflorus subsp. pendulifloras。 3、分析了黄芪复合体3个亚种10个居群的染色体核型，它们的染色体2n=16，各居群间的核型呈现连续的变异式样。 4、分析了黄芪复合体5个亚种13个居群和两个近缘种的种子蛋白，并进行了聚类分析，认为种子蛋白性状在黄芪复合体的居群内比较稳定，且同一居群内的不同个体间无明显差异。同时，种子蛋白分析说明了复合体内居群也呈现连续变异。 5、应用最大同步分支分类法及最小平行进化分支分类法分析了黄芪复合体的谱系分支发生，确认复黄芪复合体为一自然复合种是比较客观的。

Seventh European Control Conference (ECC03)

The European Control Conferences (ECC) are held every two years, under the auspices of the European Union Control Association (EUCA). The conference is held at the Faculty of Law on the campus of Cambridge University with the exception of the opening planery talks, which is held at the Corn Exchange in the City Center. The scientific program for the ECC03 included 606 regular papers, three plenary talks, six semiplenary talks, three minicourses, and two roundtable sessions.

Control of motorcycle steering instabilities

Modern high performance motorcycles often employ a steering damper producing a moment that opposes the angular velocity of the steering assembly relative to the main frame. When modeling the motorcycle in a conventional manner, the steering damper is included as an integral part of the machine. The reduction in the wobble-mode frequency is caused by the effective increase in the steering system's moment of inertia. The compensators show the potential to significantly improve the damping of both wobble and weave modes simultaneously. The dynamic characteristics of high-performance motorcycles can be improved by replacing the conventional steering damper with a passive mechanical steering compensator. The design methodology adopted uses Nyquist frequency response ideas, root-locus analysis and loop-shaping design to obtain a preliminary choice of parameters.

A FEniCS-based programming framework for modeling turbulent flow by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations

Finding an appropriate turbulence model for a given flow case usually calls for extensive experimentation with both models and numerical solution methods. This work presents the design and implementation of a flexible, programmable software framework for assisting with numerical experiments in computational turbulence. The framework targets Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models, discretized by finite element methods. The novel implementation makes use of Python and the FEniCS package, the combination of which leads to compact and reusable code, where model- and solver-specific code resemble closely the mathematical formulation of equations and algorithms. The presented ideas and programming techniques are also applicable to other fields that involve systems of nonlinear partial differential equations. We demonstrate the framework in two applications and investigate the impact of various linearizations on the convergence properties of nonlinear solvers for a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Morphometric measurements as an index for estimating yield of meat of shell fishes, 1. Crab (Scylla serrata) Forskal

Sixty one observations on length-breadth and whole weight-meat weight relations of India crab (Scylla serrata) were made. From the length of crab (cm) the whole weight (gm) can be computed by the equation: log W=-0.1708+2.3341 log L. Similarly for any given length (cm) the meat weight (gm) can be found by the relation, log w=-1.5745+3.0148 log L.

长壮蝎蝽假死行为的初步研究

对长壮蝎蝽(Laccotrephes robustusStal)成虫在水体内外的假死行为以及控制假死行为的关键部位进行了研究。结果表明:(1)水体外假死时长明显高于水体中;(2)对不同捕食压力的适应导致蝎蝽在水体内外假死行为的差别,并能够提高自身的适合度;(3)蝎蝽的假死行为并不完全受脑或某一神经节控制,胸部各体节均有独立完成假死动作的可能。

尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素DaHT-3 的红外光谱测定

　目的　观察蛇毒出血毒素结构的变化对功能的影响。　方法　利用傅利叶变换红外光谱仪对尖吻 蝮蛇毒出血毒素(DaHT23) 在溶液中酰胺I 带吸收光谱的研究, 探测了此出血毒素在溶液中的自然构象 和加入EDTA 螯合剂除去金属离子后构象的变化。　结果　此出血毒素在水溶液中的自然构象分别是: A2 螺旋为3118%、B2折叠为5611%、转角为1211%; 而在去除金属离子情况下A2螺旋和B2折叠减少, 转角 和无规卷曲增加, 即加入螯合剂后其A2螺旋、B2折叠、转角和无规卷曲分别变为11%、2614%、4612% 和 1615%。由于结构的变化, 它的出血活性和蛋白水解酶活性均被丧失。　结论　金属离子, 特别是锌离子 在维系蛇毒出血蛋白酶分子中的二级结构中起着很重要的作用。

克洛曲对癌痛的双盲双模拟自身交叉研究

为了观察克洛曲在慢性癌痛病人中的疗效,采用多中心、双盲双模拟、自身交叉对照研究的方法, 比较了克洛曲片、曲马多胶囊和安慰剂对108 例中、重度癌痛的镇痛效果。结果表明克洛曲片的总有效率为 88. 0 % ,明显高于曲马多胶囊的72. 2 %( P < 0. 01) 和安慰剂的35. 2 %( P < 0. 001) ; 克洛曲片的缓解时间明 显延长( P < 0. 01) ; 克洛曲片的药物不良反应的发生率与曲马多胶囊相似, 但便秘的发生率明显低于曲马 多胶囊( P < 0. 05) 。克洛曲片对中、重度癌痛的镇痛效果确切,安全性较大。文章还对镇痛药临床研究的策 略方法及安慰剂效应进行了详细的讨论。