Efeitos de materiais orgânicos e da umidade do solo na patogenicidade de Rhizoctonia solani Kühn GA-4 HGI ao feijoeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise histoquímica foliar do amendoim: genótipos 'Tatu' e SO-909

Este trabalho teve por finalidade a análise histoquímica foliar de dois genótipos de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), do tipo botânico Valência: SO-53 ('Tatu') e SO-909 (PI-259747), cuja literatura demonstra apresentarem respostas diferentes de resistência às principais moléstias fúngicas foliares do Brasil. Seções transversais das seguintes estruturas - pulvino, haste peciolar, raque, pulvínulo e folíolo - e seções paradérmicas de folíolos coletados em dois anos agrícolas consecutivos, foram analisadas quanto à presença de alcalóides, amido, calose, celulose pura, celulose com pectina, cera, cristais, cutina, lignina, mucilagem, óleo, resina, tanino e ureídeos (micrograma) por folíolo (grama). As diferenças qualitativas histoquímicas observadas nos diversos tecidos, como a freqüência de tanino, alcalóide, pectina e óleo, supostamente, podem ser responsáveis pela resistência ou suscetibilidade dos genótipos às moléstias fúngicas foliares. Para fins de caracterização, mostrou-se eficiente a avaliação de pureza de celulose.

Comparative Study of the Mechanical Resistance of 2 Separate Plates and 2 Overlaid Plates Used in the Fixation of the Mandibular Condyle: An In Vitro Study

Purpose: The objective of this study was to carry out a comparative evaluation of the mechanical resistance of 2 rigid internal fixation techniques for fractures of the mandibular condyle using miniplates.Materials and Methods: Fort), polyurethane resin replicas of human hemimandibles were used. The hemimandibles were sectioned to simulate a high subcondylar fracture and then stabilized with 2 fixing techniques using 2.0-mm system plates and screws. The fixation techniques were 2 separate 4-hole plates with 8 screws, and 2 overlaid 4-hole plates with 4 screws. Each system was submitted to load tests, with the application of the load in mediolateral and anteroposterior directions in an Instron 4411 universal assay machine (Instron, Norwood, MA).Results: Load values and peak displacement were measured. Means and standard deviations were evaluated by analysis of variance (P < .05) and Tukey tests, in which it was verified that the anteroposterior peak load value was affected by the arrangement of the plates on the models, although no differences were observed between the groups for the mediolateral peak load. The arrangement of the plates did not have any influence on peak displacement. Similarly, the final value of the mediolateral load was not affected by the arrangement of the plates on the model.Conclusion: The experimental model with 2 separate plates was statistically superior to the model with 2 overlaid plates only in relation to anteroposterior peak load. Despite showing superiority in mediolateral peak load and peak displacement, there was no statistical difference between the groups for these parameters. (C) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Antidiarrheal mechanism of Carpolobia lutea leaf fractions in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The induction of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity by root canal sealers in mammalian cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determination of BTEX by GC-MS in air of offset printing plants: Comparison between conventional and ecological inks

The use of inks containing organic solvents by the offset printing process implies in the release of volatile organic compounds to the work environment. Many of these compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (well known by the acronym BTEX) are extremely toxic. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were determined in two different printing plants that use distinct types of inks: the conventional and the so-called ecological, which is manufactured based on vegetal oil. Concentration ranges were 43-84, 15-3,480, 2-133, 5-459, and 2-236 μg m-3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, for the conventional printing plant. At the ecological printing plant, concentration ranges were below limit of detection (oil-based inks are used. However, the worker who cleans the printing matrices is exposed to high concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes, due probably to the cleaning product's composition (containing high amounts of BTEX). Although the BTEX concentrations found in both printing work environments were below the limits considered by the Brazilian Law for Activities and Unhealthy Operations (NR-15), the exposure to such vapors characterizes risk to the workers' health for some of the evaluated samples, mainly the personal ones. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.

Avaliação radiográfica da aplicação do polímero de mamona em falhas ósseas induzidas em equinos

It was evaluated the radiographs alteration of the castor oil bean polymer applied for the filing of induced bone fault in horses. Five animals were evaluated, subjected to a local anesthesia and sedation, proceeding to a surgical induction of a hole in the radio bone, in both members with three centimeters depth perforations. It was used a drill of eight millimeters of diameter. The right member served as a control, without filling induced holes. The holes in left radio were filled with the commercial polymer derived from the castor oil bean. We evaluated the localized swelling and radiological aspects as: the establishment of scores for bone filling, sclerosis and a morphometric analysis of the sclerosis area, in 15, 45, 90 and 180 days of lesion evolution. There was more swelling in local members whose injuries were filled with polymer from castor oil bean. By comparison, the radiographic examination showed better bone filling in the gaps of members control. We concluded that the completion of castor oil bean polymer in bone holes induced in radio of horses, delayed the bone healing, in the radiographic evaluation.

Effectiveness of three solvents and two associations of solvents on gutta-percha and Resilon

This study evaluated the effectiveness of 3 solvents (Citrol orange oil, Eucalyptol and Tetrachloroethylene) and 2 associations of solvents (Citrol orange oil+Tetrachloroethylene and Eucalyptol+Tetrachloroethylene) on 3 types of gutta-percha (conventional, thermoplastic and EndoREZ) and Resilon. Ten discs (10 mm diameter x 1 mm thick) from each material were prepared using standard metallic molds. Each specimen was weighed to determinate its initial mass. The specimens were immersed in the solvents for 10 min, followed by immersion in distilled water for 20 min, and were then reweighed to obtain the final mass. The mean weight loss determined the solvent capacity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. Tetrachloroethylene was the most effective on conventional gutta-percha (p<0.05). Tetrachloroethylene was also the most effective on thermoplastic gutta-percha, but it was not significantly different (p>0.05) from Eucalyptol+Tetrachloroethylene, Citrol+Tetrachloroethylene, and Citrol. All solvents and associations presented little effectiveness on Resilon. The association Eucalyptol+Tetrachloroethylene was the most effective on EndoREZ, but it did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from Citrol+Tetrachloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene. All evaluated substances presented solvent action. Tetrachloroethylene improved the effectiveness of both Citrol and Eucalyptol.

Influência de pontas de pulverização e adjuvantes no potencial de redução de deriva em túnel de vento

The drift is intimately linked to inappropriate use of pesticides and an important factor for reducing it, is the correct selection of spray nozzles and adjuvants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the drift potential in wind tunnel with different spray nozzles and different concentrations of adjuvants. The experiment was composed by six spray solutions (vegetable oil (in three concentrations), mineral oil, surfactant and reducing drift), which were applied with two nozzles, one pre-orifice flat fan (DG 8003 VS) and other with air induction (AI 8003 VS), totaling 12 treatments, with three repetitions. The equipment used was a wind tunnel, where the drift collections were made at different points. The treatments averages were compared using Confidence Interval at 5% probability. The analysis of the percentage of drift showed that the treatments had different behaviors. The nonylphenol ethoxylate adjuvant presented the highest drift when applied with the nozzle of pre-orifice and the lowest drift when applied with the air induction. The behavior of these nozzles when the oil-based adjuvant was used showed apposite results to those obtained for the surfactant. For the DG nozzles the lowest percentage of drift, at all analyzed distances, was observed to the treatment with vegetable oil (1.0%) and with the AI nozzles the lower drift was found for the treatment with nonylphenol ethoxylate (0.0625%), for the four distances in the collection. The result showed that both the spray nozzles and adjuvants alter directly the drift potential. There was no proportionately between the concentration of the oil-based adjuvant and the drift percentage.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of auxiliary chemical substances and natural extracts on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in root canals

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of auxiliary chemical substances and natural extracts on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecali's inoculated in root canals. Material and Methods: Seventy-two human tooth roots were contaminated with C. albicans and E. faecalis for 21 days. The groups were divided according to the auxiliary chemical substance into: G1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), G2) 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), G3) castor oil, G4) glycolic Aloe vera extract, g5) glycolic ginger extract, and G6) sterile saline (control). The samples of the root canal were collected at different intervals: confirmation collection, at 21 days after contamination; 1st collection, after instrumentation; and 2nd collection, seven days after instrumentation. Microbiological samples were grown in culture medium and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Results: The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (5%) statistical tests. NaOCl and CHX completely eliminated the microorganisms of the root canals. Castor oil and ginger significantly reduced the number of CFU of the tested bacteria. Reduction of CFU/mL at the 1st and 2nd collections for groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 was greater in comparison to groups G5 and G6. Conclusion: It was concluded that 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gel were more effective in eliminating C. albicans and E. faecalis, followed by the castor oil and glycolic ginger extract. The Aloe vera extract showed no antimicrobial activity.

Comparing submerged and solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial residues for the production and characterization of lipase by Trichoderma harzianum

Lipase production by Trichoderma harzianum was evaluated in submerged fermentation (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using a variety of agro-industrial residues. Cultures in SF showed the highest activity (1.4 U/mL) in medium containing 0.5 % (w/v) yeast extract, 1 % (v/v) olive oil and 2.5 C:N ratio. This paper is the first to report lipase production by T. harzianum in SSF. A 1:2 mixture of castor oil cake and sugarcane bagasse supplemented with 1 % (v/w) olive oil showed the best results among the cultures in SSF (4 U/g ds). Lipolytic activity was stable in a slightly acidic to neutral pH, maintaining 50 % activity after 30 min at 50 C. Eighty percent of the activity remained after 1 h in 25 % (v/v) methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or acetone. Activity was observed with vegetable oils (olive, soybean, corn and sunflower) and long-chain triacylglycerols (triolein), confirming the presence of a true lipase. The results of this study are promising because they demonstrate an enzyme with interesting properties for application in catalysis produced by fermentation at low cost. © 2012 Springer-Verlag and the University of Milan.

Setting Time Affects In Vitro Biological Properties of Root Canal Sealers

Introduction: Biocompatibility of root canal sealers is important because of the long-term contact of their eluates and/or degradation products with periapical tissues. The literature still lacks studies about the genotoxic effects of these materials and the influence of setting time on biological properties. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus), a single methacrylate-based sealer (EndoRez), and a silicone-based sealer (RoekoSeal) were assessed. Methods: Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79) were cultured and exposed to different dilutions of extracts from the sealers that were left to set for 0, 12, and 24 hours before contact with culture medium. Cell viability was measured by the methyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium assay. Genotoxicity was assessed by the comet assay. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (P < .05). Results: Root canal sealers were statistically more cytotoxic than the untreated control group, except for the silicon-based sealer. Cell viability ranking was the following (from the most to the least cytotoxic): methacrylate-based > epoxy resin-based > silicone-based. The setting time influenced the epoxy resin-based sealer cytotoxicity (decreased at 12 hours) and the general genotoxicity (increased at 24 hours). DNA damage ranking was the following (from the most to the least genotoxic): methacrylate-based > silicone-based = epoxy resin-based. Conclusions: The setting time had influence on the cytotoxicity of the epoxy resin-based sealer and genotoxicity of all tested sealers. The methacrylate-based sealer was the most cytotoxic, and the silicone-based sealer was not cytotoxic. Genotoxicity was observed for all sealers. © 2013 American Association of Endodontists.

Adubação fosfatada e lodo de esgoto compostado na nutrição da mamoneira de porte baixo, cultivada sob calagem e silicatagem

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Ação dos ésteres do ácido ricinoléico do óleo de mamona nas glândulas salivares e nos ovários de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari : Ixodidae). Análise histológica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ação dos ésteres do ácido ricinoléico do óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis) sobre as células dos ovários de Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae): dinâmica da vitelogênese

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)