A history of the fishes of the British islands / by Jonathan Couch.

2

A history of the fishes of the British Islands / by Jonathan Couch.

2

A history of the fishes of the British Islands / by Jonathan Couch.

4

Hardwicke's science-gossip : an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature.

v.6=no.61-72 (1870)

A history of the fishes of the British islands / by Jonathan Couch.

3

Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types / Gregory M. Mueller.

n.s. no.30(1992)

Systematic review of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata (Gray, 1870) / Jack Fooden, Mitsuru Aimi.

n.s. no.104(2005)

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York.

v 9 (1870)

Ecologia de les Invasions Ecològiques

La paradoxa de les invasions planteja com és possible que algunes espècies siguin capaces d'envair regions a les que no han evolucionat i, fins i tot, arribar a ser més abundants que espècies autòctones que han tingut més oportunitat d’adaptars’hi. Comprendre l’ecologia de les invasions és especialment interessant perquè algunes d’aquestes espècies causen greus impactes ecològics i econòmics arreu del món. Per intentar resoldre la paradoxa en aquest treball s’ha seguit dues aproximacions. Per una banda, mitjançant anàlisis comparatius s’ha volgut identificar aquelles característiques que afecten el resultat de les introduccions d’ocells, i utilitzar-les com a predictors en protocols d’avaluació de riscos per prevenir futures invasions. Seguint en aquest nivell d’aproximació també s’ha volgut validar si, tal com prediu la teoria ecològica, les estratègies vitals de les espècies afecten l'èxit en l'establiment de poblacions d'ocells exòtics. D'altra banda, a través d'aproximacions descriptives i experimentals, s’ha volgut investigar els mecanismes d’invasió en un cas d’estudi concret, el del Rossinyol del Japó (Leiothrix lutea) als boscos de Collserola (Barcelona). Els anàlisis comparatius han mostrat que és possible de predir la probabilitat d’establiment de les espècies introduïdes a partir d’unes poques característiques amb notable precisió. Altrament, l’anàlisi sobre l’efecte de les estratègies vitals sobre el resultat de les invasions sembla indicar que hi ha un biaix en el registre històric d’introduccions que impedeix descobrir la naturalesa d’aquesta relació i suggereixen buscar una aproximació alternativa per al problema. Respecte el cas del Rossinyol del Japó, els resultats preliminars suggereixen que les raons del seu èxit als boscos de Collserola podrien ser que ha trobat un nínxol ecològic que està poc aprofitat per les espècies natives. Aquest treball vol mostrar com a través de la integració de diferents aproximacions podem ser capaços d’aportar una visió més completa per comprendre la paradoxa de les invasions.

Movement, impacts and management of plant distributions in response to climate change: insights from invasions

A major challenge in this era of rapid climate change is to predict changes in species distributions and their impacts on ecosystems, and, if necessary, to recommend management strategies for maintenance of biodiversity or ecosystem services. Biological invasions, studied in most biomes of the world, can provide useful analogs for some of the ecological consequences of species distribution shifts in response to climate change. Invasions illustrate the adaptive and interactive responses that can occur when species are confronted with new environmental conditions. Invasion ecology complements climate change research and provides insights into the following questions: i) how will species distributions respond to climate change? ii) how will species movement affect recipient ecosystems? and iii) should we, and if so how can we, manage species and ecosystems in the face of climate change? Invasion ecology demonstrates that a trait-based approach can help to predict spread speeds and impacts on ecosystems, and has the potential to predict climate change impacts on species ranges and recipient ecosystems. However, there is a need to analyse traits in the context of life-history and demography, the stage in the colonisation process (e.g., spread, establishment or impact), the distribution of suitable habitats in the landscape, and the novel abiotic and biotic conditions under which those traits are expressed. As is the case with climate change, invasion ecology is embedded within complex societal goals. Both disciplines converge on similar questions of "when to intervene?" and "what to do?" which call for a better understanding of the ecological processes and social values associated with changing ecosystems.

Growing at the production frontier. European aggregate growth, 1870-1914

The view of a 1870-1913 expanding European economy providing increasing welfare to everybody has been challenged by many, then and now. We focus on the amazing growth that was experienced, its diffusion and its sources, in the context of the permanent competition among European nation states. During 1870-193 the globalized European economy reached a silver age . GDP growth was quite rapid (2.15% per annum) and diffused all over Europe. Even discounting the high rates of population growth (1.06%), per capita growth was left at a respectable 1.08%. Income per capita was rising in every country, and the rates of improvement were quite similar. This was a major achievement after two generations of highly localized growth, both geographically and socially. Growth was based on the increased use of labour and capital, but a good part of growth (73 per cent for the weighted average of the best documented European countries) came out of total factor productivity efficiency gains resulting from not well specified ultimate sources of growth. This proportion suggests that the European economy was growing at full capacity at its production frontier. It would have been very difficult to improve its performance. Within Europe, convergence was limited, and it only was in motion after 1900. What happened was more the end of the era of big divergence rather than an era of convergence.

Essays on the history of Brazilian dipterology: II. notices about Brazilian Diptera (17th century)

Essays on the history of Brazilian dipterology. II. Notices about Brazilian Diptera (17th century). Notices from the Brazilian Diptera from the 17th century come mainly from two foreign invasions occurred in Brazil, the first one by the French in Maranhão and the second by the Dutch in northeastern Brazil. This paper includes reports of Fathers Claude d'Abbeville and Yves d'Evreux and from Piso and Marcgrave, the last two presenting the first illustrations of Brazilian Diptera. The paper also includes reports of Friar Laureano de la Cruz, Father João de Sotto Mayor and Maurício de Heriarte.

Networks of people in specialty production: family firms in the iron and steel Wire industries in Spain (1870-2000)

Capital intensive industries in specialized niches of production have constituted solid ground for family firms in Spain , as evidenced by the experience of the iron and steel wire industries between 1870 and 2000. The embeddedness of these firms in their local and regional environments have allowed the creation of networks that, together with favourable institutional conditions, significantly explain the dominance of family entrepreneurship in iron and steel wire manufacturing in Spain, until the end of the 20 th century. Dominance of family firms at the regional level has not been not an obstacle for innovation in wire manufacturing in Spain, which has taken place even when institutional conditions blocked innovation and traditional networking. Therefore, economic theories about the difficulties dynastic family firms may have to perform appropriately in science-based industries must be questioned

An Architectural and Historical Survey of Public Libraries in Iowa 1870-1940, 1980

The public library movement f the early twentieth century was a national phenomenon, in which Iowa, along with its neighboring states, played a prominent role. In 1900, the Iowa Library Commission noted 48 free public libraries in the state. Today there are approximately 500, in towns ranging in size from Beaman, with a population of 222, the Des Moines, the state capitol. Iowans took enthusiastic advantage of Andre Carnegie's library philanthropy. In 1919, the Carnegie Corporation stopped funding libraries, 101 building has been erected in Iowa with Carnegie funds. Iowa place fourth among the states in terms of the number of communities obtaining Carnegie buildings, fifth in dollar appropriation per one hundred population and eighth in the total amount of money given by Carnegie to a state. These figures provide some measure by which interest in popular education among Iowans of the period can be judged. Today these early libraries, often the most distinctive public libraries in small or medium-sized towns, are physical foci in the townscapes of their communities and centers for a variety of educational and social activities. This survey was initiated by the Division of Historic Preservation in 1977. It grew out of the need to provide a framework within which libraries could be evaluated for National Register action. Several libraries (Des Moines, Grinnell, Eagle Grove, Carroll) has been recent candidates for the Register. There was every indication that enthusiasm for old library buildings was increasing and that more nominations could be expected in the future. The attrition rate among early library buildings was (and is) growing. Most libraries were built on limited budgets (Carnegie did not squander his money) and, despite the fact that future expansion was usually a conscious consideration in their design, they are rapidly becoming obsolete, due to expanding collections and changing styles of librarianship. If the protection of the threatened with demolition or alteration, action needed to be taken.