Review of the C-nat(n,gamma) cross section and criticality calculations of the graphite moderated reactor BR1

A review of the experimental data for natC(n,c) and 12C(n,c) was made to identify the origin of the natC capture cross sections included in evaluated data libraries and to clarify differences observed in neutronic calculations for graphite moderated reactors using different libraries. The performance of the JEFF-3.1.2 and ENDF/B-VII.1 libraries was verified by comparing results of criticality calculations with experimental results obtained for the BR1 reactor. This reactor is an air-cooled reactor with graphite as moderator and is located at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN in Mol (Belgium). The results of this study confirm conclusions drawn from neutronic calculations of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) in Japan. Furthermore, both BR1 and HTTR calculations support the capture cross section of 12C at thermal energy which is recommended by Firestone and Révay. Additional criticality calculations were carried out in order to illustrate that the natC thermal capture cross section is important for systems with a large amount of graphite. The present study shows that only the evaluation carried out for JENDL-4.0 reflects the current status of the experimental data.

Propagation of Cross-Section Uncertainties in Criticality Calculations in the Framework of UAM-Phase I Using MCNPX-2.7e and SCALE-6.1

In the framework of the OECD/NEA project on Benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM) for Design, Operation, and Safety Analysis of LWRs, several approaches and codes are being used to deal with the exercises proposed in Phase I, “Specifications and Support Data for Neutronics Cases.” At UPM, our research group treats these exercises with sensitivity calculations and the “sandwich formula” to propagate cross-section uncertainties. Two different codes are employed to calculate the sensitivity coefficients of to cross sections in criticality calculations: MCNPX-2.7e and SCALE-6.1. The former uses the Differential Operator Technique and the latter uses the Adjoint-Weighted Technique. In this paper, the main results for exercise I-2 “Lattice Physics” are presented for the criticality calculations of PWR. These criticality calculations are done for a TMI fuel assembly at four different states: HZP-Unrodded, HZP-Rodded, HFP-Unrodded, and HFP-Rodded. The results of the two different codes above are presented and compared. The comparison proves a good agreement between SCALE-6.1 and MCNPX-2.7e in uncertainty that comes from the sensitivity coefficients calculated by both codes. Differences are found when the sensitivity profiles are analysed, but they do not lead to differences in the uncertainty.

A computer formulation for the analysis on continuous non prismatic folded plate structures of arbitrary cross-section

A computer solution to analyze nonprismatic folded plate structures is shown. Arbitrary cross-sections (simple and multiple), continuity over intermediate supports and general loading and longitudinal boundary conditions are dealt with. The folded plates are assumed to be straight and long (beam like structures) and some simplifications are introduced in order to reduce the computational effort. The formulation here presented may be very suitable to be used in the bridge deck analysis.

Optimization of multidimensional cross-section tables for few-group core calculations

Multigroup diffusion codes for three dimensional LWR core analysis use as input data pre-generated homogenized few group cross sections and discontinuity factors for certain combinations of state variables, such as temperatures or densities. The simplest way of compiling those data are tabulated libraries, where a grid covering the domain of state variables is defined and the homogenized cross sections are computed at the grid points. Then, during the core calculation, an interpolation algorithm is used to compute the cross sections from the table values. Since interpolation errors depend on the distance between the grid points, a determined refinement of the mesh is required to reach a target accuracy, which could lead to large data storage volume and a large number of lattice transport calculations. In this paper, a simple and effective procedure to optimize the distribution of grid points for tabulated libraries is presented. Optimality is considered in the sense of building a non-uniform point distribution with the minimum number of grid points for each state variable satisfying a given target accuracy in k-effective. The procedure consists of determining the sensitivity coefficients of k-effective to cross sections using perturbation theory; and estimating the interpolation errors committed with different mesh steps for each state variable. These results allow evaluating the influence of interpolation errors of each cross section on k-effective for any combination of state variables, and estimating the optimal distance between grid points.

Vortex-induced vibrations on bridges : the interaction mechanism in complex sections and a new proposed semi-empirical model

El presente trabajo de investigación se ocupa del estudio de las vibraciones verticales inducidas por vórtices (VIV) en aquellos puentes que, por sus características geométricas y propiedades dinámicas, muestran cierta sensibilidad este tipo de fenómeno aeroelástico. El objeto principal es el análisis del mecanismo de interacción viento-estructura sobre secciones no fuseladas de geometría simple, con objeto de realizar una adecuada caracterización del problema y poder abordar posteriormente el análisis de otras secciones de geometría más compleja, representativas de los principales elementos estructurales de los puentes, como arcos, tableros, torres y pilas. Este aspecto es fundamental durante la fase de diseño del puente, donde deberán tenerse en cuenta también una serie de detalles que pueden influir significativamente su sensibilidad ante problemas aerodinámicos, como la morfología y dimensiones principales de la sección transversal del tablero, la disposición de barreras de seguridad y barreras cortaviento, o las riostras que unen diferentes elementos estructurales. La configuración de dos elementos en tándem o la construcción de un puente en las inmediaciones de otro existente son otros aspectos a considerar respecto a la sensibilidad frente a efectos aeroelásticos. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo principalmente mediante la implementación de simulaciones numéricas que reproducen la interacción entre la corriente de aire y secciones representativas de modelos estructurales, a partir de un código CFD basado en el método de las partículas de vórtices (VPM), siguiendo por tanto un esquema Lagrangiano. Los resultados han sido validados con datos experimentales existentes, valores procedentes de ensayos en túnel de viento y registros reales a partir de diferentes casos de estudio: Alconétar (2006), Niterói (1980), Trans- Tokyo Bay (1995) y Volgogrado (2010). Finalmente, se propone un modelo semi-empírico para la estimación del rango de velocidades críticas y amplitudes de oscilación basado en la utilización de las derivadas de flameo de Scanlan, y la densidad espectral de las fuerzas aerodinámicas en el dominio de la frecuencia. The present research work concerns the study of vertical vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) in bridges which show certain sensitivity to this type of aeroelastic phenomenon. It focuses on the analysis of the wind-structure interaction mechanism on bluff sections, with the objective of making a good characterisation of the problem and subsequently addressing the analysis of sections with a complex geometry, which are representative of the bridge structural elements, such as arches, decks, towers and piers. This issue is of relative importance during the bridge design phase, since minor details of the aforementioned elements can significantly influence its sensitivity to aerodynamic problems. The shape and main dimensions of the deck cross section, the addition of safety barriers and windshields, the presence of braces to enhance the structure mechanical properties, the utilisation of cross sections in tandem arrangement, or the erection of a new bridge in the vicinity of another existing one are some of the aspects to be considered regarding the sensitivity to the aeroelastic effects. The study has been carried out mainly through the implementation of numerical simulations that reproduces the interaction between the airflow and the representative cross section of a structural bridge model, by the use of a CFD code based on the vortex particle method (VPM), thus following a Lagrangian scheme. The results have been validated with existing experimental data, values from wind tunnel tests and full scale observations from the different case studies: Alconétar (2006), Niterói (1980), Trans-Tokyo Bay (1995) and Volgograd (2010). Finally, a new semi-empirical model is proposed for the estimation of the critical wind velocity ranges and oscillation amplitudes based on the use of the Scanlan’s flutter derivatives and the power spectral density of aerodynamic force time history in the frequency domain.

Measurement of the muon neutrino inclusive charged-current cross section in the energy range of 1–3 GeV with the T2K INGRID detector

We report a measurement of the νµ-nucleus inclusive charged current cross section (=σ cc) on ironusing data from exposed to the J-PARC neutrino beam. The detector consists of 14 modules in total, which are spread over a range of off-axis angles from 0◦ to 1.1◦. The variation in the neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the off-axis angle, combined with event topology information, is used to calculate this cross section as a function of neutrino energy. The cross section is measured to be σcc(1.1 GeV) = 1.10±0.15 (10^−38cm^2/nucleon), σcc(2.0 GeV) = 2.07±0.27 (10^−38cm^2/nucleon), and σcc(3.3 GeV) = 2.29 ± 0.45 (10^−38cm^2/nucleon), at energies of 1.1, 2.0, and 3.3 GeV, respectively. These results are consistent with the cross section calculated by the neutrino interaction generators currently used by T2K. More importantly, the method described here opens up a new way to determine the energy dependence of neutrino-nucleus cross sections.

Safety aspects of roadside cross-section design. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Conference on Neutron Cross Section Technology : proceedings /

Later conferences issued under title: Conference on Neutron Cross Sections and Technology.

Bibliography of low energy electron and photon cross section data (through December 1974) /

Includes index.

The integral Be⁹(n, 2n) cross section /

"MAy 14, 1964"--page 7.

Bibliography of low energy electron and photon cross section data, (January 1975 through December 1977) /

Includes indexes.

Index and annotated bibliography of range and stopping cross section data /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-68).

A grading plan showing sections for the estate of Mr. H.C. Dudley; Duluth, Minnesota

Ink on linen; four cross-sections showing grades for sections of estate, with elevations; sketches depict trees, pools and residence; number "4" in lower right; signed. 89x59 cm. No scale. [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Mesure de sections efficaces absolues vibrationnelles pour la collision d’électrons de basse énergie (1-19 eV) avec le tétrahydrofurane (THF) condensé

Résumé: Ce mémoire de maîtrise est une étude des probabilités d’interactions (sections efficaces) des électrons de basse énergie avec une molécule d’intérêt biologique. Cette molécule est le tétrahydrofurane (THF) qui est un bon modèle de la molécule constituant la colonne vertébrale de l’ADN; le désoxyribose. Étant donné la grande quantité d’électrons secondaires libérés lors du passage des radiations à travers la matière biologique et sachant que ceux-ci déposent la majorité de l’énergie, l’étude de leurs interactions avec les molécules constituant l’ADN devient rapidement d’une grande importance. Les mesures de sections efficaces sont faites à l’aide d’un spectromètre à haute résolution de pertes d’énergie de l’électron. Les spectres de pertes d’énergie de l’électron obtenus de cet appareil permettent de calculer les valeurs de sections efficaces pour chaque vibration en fonction de l’énergie incidente de l’électron. L’article présenté dans ce mémoire traite de ces mesures et des résultats. En effet, il présente et explique en détail les conditions expérimentales, il décrit la méthode de déconvolution qui est utilisée pour obtenir les valeurs de sections efficaces et il présente et discute des 4 résonances observées dans la dépendance en énergie des sections efficaces. En effet, cette étude a permis de localiser en énergie 4 résonances et celles-ci ont toutes été confirmées par des recherches expérimentales et théoriques antérieures sur le sujet des collisions électrons lents-THF. En outre, jamais ces résonances n’avaient été observées simultanément dans une même étude et jamais la résonance trouvée à basse énergie n’avait été observée avec autant d’intensité que cette présente étude. Cette étude a donc permis de raffiner notre compréhension fondamentale des processus résonants impliqués lors de collisions d’électrons secondaires avec le THF. Les valeurs de sections efficaces sont, quant à elles, très prisées par les théoriciens et sont nécessaires pour les simulations Monte Carlo pour prédire, par exemple, le nombre d’ions formées après le passage des radiations. Ces valeurs pourront justement être utilisées dans les modèles de distribution et dépôt d’énergie au niveau nanoscopique dans les milieux biologiques et ceux-ci pourront éventuellement améliorer l’efficacité des modalités radiothérapeutiques.