Diversity of estuarine movements of striped bass (Morone saxatilis): a synoptic examination of an estuarine system in southern New Jersey

We determined the dis-tribution of multiple (n=68; 508−978 mm total length [TL]) striped bass (Morone saxatilis) along the estua-rine salinity gradient in the Mullica River−Great Bay in southern New Jersey over two years to determine the diversity of habitat use and the movements of striped bass. Ultrasoni-cally tagged fish were detected in this estuarine area by means of wireless hydrophones deployed at four gates inside the entrance of the study area and farther up to tidal freshwater (38 km). Numerous individuals frequently departed and returned to the estuary, primarily in the spring and late fall over periods of 15−731 days at liberty. The period of residency and degree of movement of individuals to and from the estuary varied extensively among seasons and years. The diversity of movements in and out of, as well as within, the estuary differed from the less-complex patterns reported in earlier studies, perhaps because of the comprehensive and synoptic nature of this study.

Patterns of Impact Resulting from a 'Sit Less, Move More' Web-Based Program in Sedentary Office Employees

Purpose Encouraging office workers to 'sit less and move more' encompasses two public health priorities. However, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting, even less about the longer term effects of such interventions and still less on dual-focused interventions. This study assessed the short and mid-term impacts of a workplace web-based intervention (Walk@WorkSpain, W@WS; 2010-11) on self-reported sitting time, step counts and physical risk factors (waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure) for chronic disease. Methods Employees at six Spanish university campuses (n=264; 42 +/- 10 years; 171 female) were randomly assigned by worksite and campus to an Intervention (used W@WS; n=129; 87 female) or a Comparison group (maintained normal behavior; n=135; 84 female). This phased, 19-week program aimed to decrease occupational sitting time through increased incidental movement and short walks. A linear mixed model assessed changes in outcome measures between the baseline, ramping (8 weeks), maintenance (11 weeks) and follow-up (two months) phases for Intervention versus Comparison groups. Results A significant 2 (group) x 2 (program phases) interaction was found for self-reported occupational sitting (F[3]=7.97, p=0.046), daily step counts (F[3]=15.68, p=0.0013) and waist circumference (F[3]=11.67, p=0.0086). The Intervention group decreased minutes of daily occupational sitting while also increasing step counts from baseline (446 +/- 126; 8,862 +/- 2,475) through ramping (+425 +/- 120; 9,345 +/- 2,435), maintenance (+422 +/- 123; 9,638 +/- 3,131) and follow-up (+414 +/- 129; 9,786 +/- 3,205). In the Comparison group, compared to baseline (404 +/- 106), sitting time remained unchanged through ramping and maintenance, but decreased at follow-up (-388 +/- 120), while step counts diminished across all phases. The Intervention group significantly reduced waist circumference by 2.1cms from baseline to follow-up while the Comparison group reduced waist circumference by 1.3cms over the same period. Conclusions W@WSis a feasible and effective evidence-based intervention that can be successfully deployed with sedentary employees to elicit sustained changes on "sitting less and moving more".

Produção de biodiesel a partir da transesterificação de óleo de soja ácido por via enzimática

Neste trabalho, foi estudada a transesterificação enzimática do óleo de soja com álcool catalisada por lipase comercial imobilizada. Inicialmente foram investigados os efeitos da temperatura, do tipo de enzima (Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM-IM e Lipozyme TL-IM) e do tipo de álcool (etanol ou butanol) na síntese de biodiesel utilizando óleo de soja refinado. A melhor temperatura observada para as reações empregando Lipozyme TL IM e Lipozyme RM IM foi de 50C, enquanto que para a Novozym 435, a temperatura ótima foi de 70C. O maior teor em biodiesel (~60%) foi obtido na etanólise do óleo de soja a 70C utilizando Novozym 435 a 5% m/m. Também foi avaliada a síntese de biodiesel por via enzimática a partir da etanólise de óleos ácidos com índice de acidez (IA) (de 8,5, 54,4 e 93,7). A conversão do ácido graxo livre foi superior a 90% nas reações conduzidas com Novozym 435 nas reações com os três óleos ácidos testados. O teor em biodiesel foi próximo a 50% na etanólise do óleo de soja com índice de acidez de 8,5 empregando Lipozyme TL IM, porém para índices de acidez maiores este rendimento diminuiu. Para as reações conduzidas com Lipozyme RM-IM, o teor em biodiesel manteve-se em torno de 30% para todos os óleos ácidos investigados. A etanólise do óleo de soja refinado empregando reator de leito fixo em modo contínuo, a 50C, foi investigada variando a velocidade espacial dos reagentes (0,255 e 0,508 h-1), o tipo de lipase (Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM-IM e Lipozyme TL-IM) e a possibilidade de reuso do biocatalisador após lavagem com butanol. Na reação com Novozym 435, o teor em biodiesel foi de aproximadamente 50% e se manteve estável durante 4,5 h para as duas velocidades espaciais testadas. A lipase Lipozyme TL-IM apresentou teor em biodiesel maior do que o obtido nas reações com os outros biocatalisadores (~80%), porém não apresentou a mesma estabilidade. Foi observada uma queda significativa na produção de biodiesel nas reações empregando o reuso do biocatalisador

Abundance of Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1994–2000

Annual abundance estimates of belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in Cook Inlet were calculated from counts made by aerial observers and aerial video recordings. Whale group-size estimates were corrected for subsurface whales (availability bias) and whales that were at the surface but were missed (detection bias). Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability that entire groups were missed during the systematic surveys, and the results were used to calculate a correction to account for the whales in these missed groups (1.015, CV = 0.03 in 1994–98; 1.021, CV = 0.01 in 1999– 2000). Calculated abundances were 653 (CV = 0.43) in 1994, 491 (CV = 0.44) in 1995, 594 (CV = 0.28) in 1996, 440 (CV = 0.14) in 1997, 347 (CV = 0.29) in 1998, 367 (CV = 0.14) in 1999, and 435 (CV = 0.23, 95% CI=279–679) in 2000. For management purposes the current Nbest = 435 and Nmin = 360. These estimates replace preliminary estimates of 749 for 1994 and 357 for 1999. Monte Carlo simulations indicate a 47% probability that from June 1994 to June 1998 abundance of the Cook Inlet stock of belugas was depleted by 50%. The decline appears to have stopped in 1998.

Gunnislake Fish Counter. Annual Report 1999

This is the Gunnislake Fish Counter, Annual Report 1999 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2000. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded at Gunnislake Weir fish counting station (SX 435 713) situated on the River Tamar in 1999. The counter data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the implementation of the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The fish counter at Gunnislake is a resistivity based system (Logie 2100A – Aquantic limited) and is installed in the fish pass on the Cornish bank of the River Tamar at the head of the tide. The minimum salmon count for 1999 was 2691. The run pattern observed for salmon and sea trout in 1999 was generally consistent with that of previous years. However, the total combined annual count of salmon and sea trout migrating upstream on the River Tamar in 1999 was 25% higher than the 5 year average (1994 - 1998).

Gunnislake Fish Counter Annual Report 2000

This is the Gunnislake Fish Counter, Annual Report 2000 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2001. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Tamar at Gunnislake Weir fish counting station (SX 435 713) situated in 2000. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The fish counter at Gunnislake is a resistivity based system (Logie 2100A – Aquantic limited) and is installed in the fish pass on the Cornish bank of the River Tamar at the head of the tide. The minimum salmon count for 2000 was 2654. The 2000 upstream count for sea trout was 6417. The run pattern observed for salmon and sea trout in 2000 was generally consistent with that of previous years.

Gunnislake Annual Report 2001

This is the Gunnislake Fish Counter, Annual Report 2001 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2002. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Tamar at Gunnislake Weir fish counting station (SX 435 713) situated in 2001. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The fish counter at Gunnislake is a resistivity based system (Logie 2100A – Aquantic limited) and is installed in the fish pass on the Cornish bank of the River Tamar at the head of the tide. The minimum salmon count for 2001 was 3138. The 2001 upstream count for sea trout was 7503. The run pattern observed for salmon and sea trout in 2001 was generally consistent with that of previous years.