A Implementa����o de um Sistema de Gest��o da Qualidade: O Caso da C.M. Aveiro

Este relat��rio tem como objetivo compreender o n��vel de implementa����o de um Sistema de Gest��o da Qualidade no munic��pio de Aveiro. O nosso trabalho emp��rico e os dados investigados permitiu-nos investigar se houve uma implementa����o fragmentada ou completa do Sistema de Gest��o da Qualidade no munic��pio. A fim de entender esse processo foi necess��rio resumir o contexto hist��rico da ado����o de medidas de qualidade no setor p��blico Portugu��s, atrav��s de um breve levantamento das fases dessas reformas e dos seus processos de moderniza����o, incluindo as iniciativas e a implementa����o dos princ��pios de gest��o da qualidade total nos servi��os p��blicos. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o impacto e a sustentabilidade da implementa����o de um Sistema de Gest��o da Qualidade na C��mara Municipal de Aveiro. Estamos particularmente preocupados com os desafios e motiva����es associadas a este processo, de modo a inferir sobre os benef��cios que o processo de certifica����o da qualidade trouxe ao munic��pio. Levando em considera����o o cen��rio econ��mico atual, tentou-se tamb��m investigar o poss��vel efeito que a crise econ��mica sobre o futuro deste processo de moderniza����o no munic��pio. A partir dos dados coletados �� poss��vel concluir que houve uma implementa����o fragmentada do Sistema de Gest��o da Qualidade no munic��pio de Aveiro. Embora exista a no����o da import��ncia da plena implementa����o Sistema no munic��pio, os custos associados a este processo e a situa����o econ��mica do pa��s e da autarquia representam as principais barreiras no sucesso da implementa����o plena do Sistema de Gest��o da Qualidade no munic��pio.

Location models for airline hubs behaving as M/D/c queues

Models are presented for the optimal location of hubs in airline networks, that take into consideration the congestion effects. Hubs, which are the most congested airports, are modeled as M/D/c queuing systems, that is, Poisson arrivals, deterministic service time, and {\em c} servers. A formula is derived for the probability of a number of customers in the system, which is later used to propose a probabilistic constraint. This constraint limits the probability of {\em b} airplanes in queue, to be lesser than a value $\alpha$. Due to the computational complexity of the formulation. The model is solved using a meta-heuristic based on tabu search. Computational experience is presented.

Raymond C. Read (2007) Arthur Keith, the anatomist who evisioned herniosis

We would like to add a comment on another important contribution of Arthur Keithto the Weld of herniology, that is, the original and accuratedescription of the inguinal ���shutter��� mechanism, a remarkableanatomic action against development of an inguinal hernia. [...] Today, virtual reality surgicalsimulation models allowing three-dimensional (3D) visualizationof the human inguinal anatomy can be used as a complementary tool to assess dynamics of the inguinal area. In fact, using simulations with the Wnite elementmethod we have recently confirmed the physiological ���shutter��� mechanism already described almost 100 years ago. These virtual reality Wndings are our presenttribute to the outstanding anatomic descriptions of ArthurKeith.

C.E.I.P. Salvador Espriu, Vidreres. Girona

L���enc��rrec de reformar i ampliar una escola amb m��s del doble de la seva superf��cie actual, requeria d���una nova interpretaci�� global del projecte i el seu entorn.En un sentit inicial d���edificis aut��noms col���locats sense criteri aparent, proposem consolidar un sol edifici que, per la seva forma de T, facilita l���absorci�� del m��dul escolar ���Fuensalida��� existent i permet mantenir el gimn��s actual en la seva posici�� preferent respecte la pista esportiva.L���acc��s actual ��s mant�� per a usos administratius per��, en la r��tula d���uni�� entre l���edifici original i l���ampliaci��, apareix un espai central emporxat que comunica els dos patis i permet l���acc��s tant a l���escola infantil com a la de prim��ria com als serveis comuns. L���escola infantil s���estructura en una pinta amb els patis oberts al parc ve��.

Remodelaci�� del Nou Camp del F.C. Barcelona

Proposta presentada per al Concurs de Remodelaci�� del Nou Camp del Futbol Club Barcelona.

Rat splanchnic net oxygen consumption. Energetic implications

1. The blood flow, PO2, pH and PCO2 have been estimated in portal and suprahepatic veins as well as in hepatic artery of fed and overnight starved rats given an oral glucose load. From these data the net intestinal, hepatic and splanchnic balances for oxygen and bicarbonate were calculated. The oxygen consumption of the intact animal has also been measured under comparable conditions. 2. The direct utilization of oxygen balances as energy equivalents when establishing the contribution of energy metabolism of liver and intestine to the overall energy expenses of the rat, has been found to be incorrect, since it incorporates the intrinsic error of interorgan proton transfer through bicarbonate. Liver and intestine produced high net bicarbonate balances in all situations tested, implying the elimination (by means of oxidative pathways, i.e. consuming additional oxygen) of high amounts of H+ generated with bicarbonate. The equivalence in energy output of the oxygen balances was then corrected for bicarbonate production to 11-54% lower values. 3. Intestine and liver consume a high proportion of available oxygen, about one-half in basal (fed or starved) conditions and about one-third after gavage, the intestine consumption being about 15% in all situations tested and the liver decreasing its oxygen consumption with gavage.

White luminescence from Si+ and C+ ion-implanted SiO2 films

The microstructural and optical analysis of SiO2 layers emitting white luminescence is reported. These structures have been synthesized by sequential Si+ and C+ ion implantation and high-temperature annealing. Their white emission results from the presence of up to three bands in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, covering the whole visible spectral range. The microstructural characterization reveals the presence of a complex multilayer structure: Si nanocrystals are only observed outside the main C-implanted peak region, with a lower density closer to the surface, being also smaller in size. This lack of uniformity in their density has been related to the inhibiting role of C in their growth dynamics. These nanocrystals are responsible for the band appearing in the red region of the PL spectrum. The analysis of the thermal evolution of the red PL band and its behavior after hydrogenation shows that carbon implantation also prevents the formation of well passivated Si/SiO2 interfaces. On the other hand, the PL bands appearing at higher energies show the existence of two different characteristics as a function of the implanted dose. For excess atomic concentrations below or equal to 10%, the spectra show a PL band in the blue region. At higher doses, two bands dominate the green��blue spectral region. The evolution of these bands with the implanted dose and annealing time suggests that they are related to the formation of carbon-rich precipitates in the implanted region. Moreover, PL versus depth measurements provide a direct correlation of the green band with the carbon-implanted profile. These PL bands have been assigned to two distinct amorphous phases, with a composition close to elemental graphitic carbon or stoichiometric SiC.

SL(3,C) elementary instanton configurations

Several SL(3,C) self-dual instanton solutions of the Yang-Mills equations are presented which have very striking properties. While one of them is regular and SU(3) inside (outside) a sphere of arbitrarily large (small) radius, another one has all the characteristics of a meron solution (in particular its topological charge is concentrated at one point) although its Pontryagin number equals one. Their continuation to Minkowski space is also studied.

1/c expansion of a separable model of direct-interaction type

The properties of a proposed model of N point particles in direct interaction are considered in the limit of small velocities. It is shown that, in this limit, time correlations cancel out and that Newtonian dynamics is recovered for the system in a natural way.

Coordenades cl��ssiques de Shadowlands de Richard Attenborough (sobre la vida i obra de C. S. Lewis)

L'objectiu d'aquest article ��s mostrar els par��metres cl��ssics de Shadowlands de R. Attenborough, amb gui�� de W. Nicholson, sobre la vida i obra de C. S. Lewis. Basant-se en una an��lisi acurada dels textos de Lewis, l'autor proposa d'interpretar l'oposici�� Lewis / Gresham com la traducci�� en la vida real de la oposici�� entre els temperaments plat��nic o idealista i aristot��lic o materialista que ja mencionava Coleridge. En qualsevol cas, s��n moltes les refer��ncies cl��ssiques que cal tenir en compte si volem comprendre fins a quin punt el cristianisme de Lewis ��s tamb�� un cristianisme cl��ssic, ��s a dir, grecollat��.

Coordenadas cl��sicas de Shadowlands de Richard Attenborough (sobre la vida y obra de C. S. Lewis)

El objetivo de este art��culo es mostrar los par��metros cl��sicos de Shadowlands de R. Attenborough, con gui��n de W. Nicholson, sobre la vida y obra de C. S. Lewis. Bas��ndose en un an��lisis minucioso de los textos de Lewis, el autor propone interpretar la oposici��n Lewis / Gresham como la traducci��n en la vida real de la oposici��n entre los temperamentos plat��nico o idealista y aristot��lico o materialista que ya mencionaba Coleridge. En cualquier caso, son muchas las referencias cl��sicas que hay que tener en cuenta si se quiere comprender hasta qu�� punto el cristianismo de Lewis es tambi��n un cristianismo cl��sico, es decir grecolatino.

Classical parameters of Shadowlands by Richard Attenborough (On C. S. Lewis's Life and Work)

The aim of this article is to show the classical parameters of Shadowlands by R. Attenborough, with a screenplay by W. Nicholson, on C. S. Lewis's life and work. Based upon an accurate reading of Lewis's works, the author of this article proposes to interpret the opposition Lewis / Gresham as the translation into the real life of the opposition between the Platonic or idealistic and the Aristotelian or materialistic temperaments which was already maintained by Coleridge. In any case, there are many classical references which must be taken into account in order to understand to what extent C. S. Lewis's Christianity is also a classic Christianity, that is, a Greek and Latin one.

Nucleation of diamond on silicon, SiAlON, and graphite substrates coated with an a-C:H layer

We investigated the influence of a hydrogenated disordered carbon (a-C:H) layer on the nucleation of diamond. Substrates c-Si<100>, SiAlON, and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite {0001} were used in this study. The substrate surfaces were characterized with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) while diamond growth was followed with Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that on silicon and SiAlON substrates the presence of the a-C:H layer enabled diamond to grow readily without any polishing treatment. Moreover, more continuous diamond films could be grown when the substrate was polished with diamond powder prior to the deposition of the a-C:H layer. This important result suggests that the nucleation of diamond occurs readily on disordered carbon surfaces, and that the formation of this type of layer is indeed one step in the diamond nucleation mechanism. Altogether, the data refute the argument that silicon defects play a direct role in the nucleation process. Auger spectra revealed that for short deposition times and untreated silicon surfaces, the deposited layer corresponds to an amorphous carbon layer. In these cases, the subsequent diamond nucleation was found to be limited. However, when the diamond nucleation density was found to be high; i.e., after lengthy deposits of a��C:H or after diamond polishing, the Auger spectra suggested diamondlike carbon layers.

1/c expansion of a separable model of direct-interaction type

The properties of a proposed model of N point particles in direct interaction are considered in the limit of small velocities. It is shown that, in this limit, time correlations cancel out and that Newtonian dynamics is recovered for the system in a natural way.