Alimentação dos peixes em um riacho do Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, sudeste do Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrutura de um trecho de floresta Amazônica na bacia do alto rio Xingu

Este estudo apresenta a estrutura de florestas em Gaúcha do Norte-MT (13° 10'S e 53° 15' O), na borda sul-amazônica. Para o levantamento fitossociológico, três áreas amostrais de 1ha foram subdivididas em 50 parcelas de 10x20m, nas quais foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com perímetro à altura do peito (PAP) >15 cm. Para verificar a similaridade estrutural entre as áreas utilizou-se a Análise de Correspondência. As espécies indicadoras dos ambientes de interflúvio e das áreas sujeitas à inundação foram obtidas através do TWINSPAN e de um sistema de pesos. Concluiu-se que as florestas presentes na bacia do rio Pacuneiro pertencem à mesma unidade fitogeográfica, mas com subtipos florísticos e estruturais de acordo com a posição no relevo, a proximidade dos cursos d'água e o estrato analisado, apresentando predominância de algumas espécies, ou até mesmo possíveis endemismos, em determinados trechos ou estratos. A formação apresentou baixa diversidade alfa (2,91 a 3,50) e beta (3,62 a 3,86), o que não é comum em florestas amazônicas. Várias hipóteses podem explicar essa baixa diversidade, entre elas a baixa precipitação e a alta sazonalidade, o ambiente físico regional aparentemente homogêneo e favorável às espécies competidoras, ou os eventos históricos, relacionados à possível exploração por tribos indígenas ou à recente expansão dessas florestas sobre as áreas savânicas.

Reflorestamento compensatório com vistas à retençãode água no solo da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Palmital, Jaboticabal, SP

This work had as objective to quantify the reforestation for water retention in the Palmital Stream watershed, County of Jaboticabal, SP, by using the methodology of compensatory forestation for retention of water in watersheds. This methodology esteems the retention of water in watersheds considering the world medium value of destiny of the water in the hydrologic cycle, the use/occupation of the soil (forest, pasture and agriculture) and its permeability. The watershed in this study presents an area of 10,625.21 ha, being 237.75 ha at forest, 467.01 ha in pasture and 9,237.57 ha in agriculture. The medium values of the permeability identified in the soils were of 94.81 mm h -1 in forest, 8.99 mm t -1 in pasture and 36.01 mm h -1 in agriculture (sugar cane). Considering that should infiltrate in the soil 20.55% of the water that precipitates on the watershed, and, that the losses of water in forest areas is considered standard, the total estimated volume to compensate the excessive loss that occur in the areas of pasture and agriculture is 12.21 million of m 3ano. The compensatory forestation to retain that volume of loss should contemplate an area of 942.73 ha (8.87% of the area of the watershed). The reforestation can be priority in permanent conservation area or in areas of Legal Reserve.

Detecção de prováveis deformações neotectônicas no Vale do Rio do Peixe, Região Ocidental Paulista, mediante aplicaçao de Índices RDE (Relac̈ão Declividade-Extensão) em segmentos de drenagem

Running water is one of the most important of all the physical processes which fashion the landscape, allowing gravity to operate along the valley floors. Besides this, the streams show a fast adjustment to the crustal deformations, even to the most gentle ones. This geologic behavior turns them a potential tool for neotectonic studies, specially the analysis of morphotnetric parameters associated with hydraulic gradient and discharge, this second factor being directly proportional to the extension of the streams. Both elements, gradient and stream length, can be combined in the SL index. The purpose of this paper is to show the RDE index application in the neotectonics analysis of the Rio do Peixe hydrographic basin and to compare the obtained values with the geologic basement incised by the streams. This basement encompasses Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of post-Serra Oeral Formation magmatism (Caiuá and Bauru groups) and Quaternary deposits that include chiefly recent alluvial plains and some Pleistocene terrace deposits. In the final part of this paper, an attempt is made in order to correlate the RDE results and the neotectonic framework admitted to this portion of the São Paulo State territory, as well as with field geologic, seismologic and paleoseismologic known elements. The results indicate the presence of two groups of anomalies: The first set corresponds to the Marília-Exaporã Plateau border, and the second one, located in the central portion of the hydrographic basin, is correlated to the Presidente Prudente seimogenic zone.

Condições hidrológicas de uma bacia hidrográfica com diferentes usos do solo na região de taquaritinga, SP

In areas where human activities, as agriculture, are developed land use contributes to physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. This study aimed to identify physical and chemical variations of the water monitoring network in 4 first magnitude watersheds with different land use/occupation in the hydrographic basin of the Glori Farm Creek in the city of Taquaritinga, State of Sao Paulo, from February to July, 2005. The methodology consisted of weekly sample water collections to naalyze turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and electric conductivity. The characterization of the hydrological conditions of the watersheds showed that agricultural activities, including the productive system of the sugarcane cultivation, have affected the quality of water resources.

Modelagem da produção de sedimentos na sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Riacho Jacaré - SE

The sediment production in river basins is an important aspect for planning the land use. Mathematical models are useful tools for analyzing the problem by providing speed, convenience and flexibility to the simulations of current conditions and future. In this article we evaluate a methodology to simulate the sediment production combining the MUSLE, a hydrologic model (ABC) and a GIS in different scenarios of land use. The models used showed good performance for purposes of planning land use, as well as for agricultural and environmental planning.

Uso de sig e fotografias aéreas na determinação de conflitos na rede de drenagem na bacia experimental do Rio Pardo

This study aimed to detect and evaluate potential conflicts in the land use along the Rio Pardo's tributaries and sub-tributaries from its source which is in Pardinho, SP to the water capture system by the Basic Sanitation Company located in Botucatu, SP. It was used 2005 colored aerial photos, taking as a tool for assessing the Geographical Information System - IDRISI Andes. The results showed that the riparian forests were substituted predominantly by pastures, which is called conflict. In other words, the 1590.82ha of environmental preservation areas (PPA's) that should be protected by riparian forests and meadows (41.51%) in 2005, were used as pastures, being in conflict with the legislation. The aerial pictures associated to SIG-Idrisi proved to be efficient tools in mapping the area and monitoring the environmental impacts.

Alterações hidrogeomorfológicas devido à dinâmica de uso da terra na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Santa Gertrudes (SP)

Agricultural and mining activities are directly related to changes in natural landscapes. From the perspective of anthropogenic geomorphology supported by general systems theory, this research has developed, in order to identify and analyze changes in the land use, mainly from agriculture and the exploitation of clay, and its implications in the hydro-geomorphological characteristics in the Santa Gertrudes Stream watershed (SP). This area is within the context of the Ceramic Pole Santa Gertrudes (SP), which besides its importance as a supplier of raw material, is characterized as the largest center of international reference in ceramic tiles on the American continent. For this purpose, we made land use and geomorphology maps of two scenarios, corresponding to the years 1962 and 2006, which allowed the identification of changes caused by human activities on the landforms of the area, such as the increase in area of parcels intended for mining activity, which went from 3.1% to occupy 19% of the catchment area of the respective period and that, among other changes, gave rise to new forms of relief as, for example, in levels of pit mining abrupt and smooth. The results indicate that the main features of representative of human changes in relief are represented for opening of large clay mining pits and agricultural activities, which intensified the denudation and sedimentation processes in the Santa Gertrudes Stream watershed.

Icitiofauna de córregos próximos a ambientes urbanos na Bacia do alto rio Paraná

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interações hidrossedimentológicas e de uso e ocupação do solo na Bacia Hidrográfica Ribeirão Palmito – Três Lagoas (MS)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diagnóstico do uso do solo na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Paraíso no município de São Manuel (SP), por meio de geotecnologias

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Conflitos de uso do solo em APPs na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Barra Seca (Pederneiras/SP) em função da legislação ambiental

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Alterações ambientais decorrentes da presença de depósitos tecnogênicos na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Anicuns em Goiânia, GO

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Impactos no meio físico da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego das Almas, Pouso alegre (MG): subsídios para a educação ambiental

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Avaliação do plano de desenvolvimento e proteção ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Guarapiranga em consonância com o planejamento urbano

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE