Guía farmacoterapéutica de hospital : Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía 2014

Actualización enero de 2015. Esta guía se ha realizado en virtud de un convenio de colaboración entre el Servicio Andaluz de Salud y la Sociedad Andaluza de Famacéuticos de Hospital. Grupo hospitalario para la evaluación de medicamentos en Andalucía (GHEMA).

Phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus among travelers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014-2015

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that emerged in Brazil by late 2014. In the country, two CHIKV foci characterized by the East/Central/South Africa and Asian genotypes, were established in North and Northeast regions. We characterized, by phylogenetic analyses of full and partial genomes, CHIKV from Rio de Janeiro state (2014-2015). These CHIKV strains belong to the Asian genotype, which is the determinant of the current Northern Brazilian focus, even though the genome sequence presents particular single nucleotide variations. This study provides the first genetic characterisation of CHIKV in Rio de Janeiro and highlights the potential impact of human mobility in the spread of an arthropod-borne virus.

Iowa Migratory Game Bird Hunting Regulations, 2014

Regulations for hunting in Iowa.

The hematology laboratory in blood doping (bd): 2014 update on the athlete biological passport (APB)

Introduction: Blood doping (BD) is the use of Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents (ESAs) and/or transfusion to increase aerobic performance in athletes. Direct toxicologic techniques are insufficient to unmask sophisticated doping protocols. The Hematological module of the ABP (World Anti-Doping Agency), associates decision support technology and expert assessment to indirectly detect BD hematological effects. Methods: The ABP module is based on blood parameters, under strict pre-analytical and analytical rules for collection, storage and transport at 2-12°C, internal and external QC. Accuracy, reproducibility and interlaboratory harmonization fulfill forensic standard. Blood samples are collected in competition and out-ofcompetition. Primary parameters for longitudinal monitoring are: - hemoglobin (HGB); - reticulocyte percentage (RET); - OFF score, indicator of suppressed erythropoiesis, calculated as [HGB(g/L) * 60-√RET%]. Statistical calculation predicts individual expected limits by probabilistic inference. Secondary parameters are RBC, HCT, MCHC-MCH-MCV-RDW-IFR. ABP profiles flagged as atypical are review by experts in hematology, pharmacology, sports medicine or physiology, and classified as: - normal - suspect (to target) - likely due to BD - likely due to pathology. Results: Thousands of athletes worldwide are currently monitored. Since 2010, at least 35 athletes have been sanctioned and others are prosecuted on the sole basis of abnormal ABP, with a 240% increase of positivity to direct tests for ESA, thanks to improved targeting of suspicious athletes (WADA data). Specific doping scenarios have been identified by the Experts (Table and Figure). Figure. Typical HGB and RET profiles in two highly suspicious athletes. A. Sample 2: simultaneous increases in HGB and RET (likely ESA stimulation) in a male. B. Samples 3, 6 and 7: "OFF" picture, with high HGB and low RET in a female. Sample 10: normal HGB and increased RET (ESA or blood withdrawal). Conclusions: ABP is a powerful tool for indirect doping detection, based on the recognition of specific, unphysiological changes triggered by blood doping. The effect of factors of heterogeneity, such as sex and altitude, must also be considered. Schumacher YO, et al. Drug Test Anal 2012, 4:846-853. Sottas PE, et al. Clin Chem 2011, 57:969-976.

Plano Estratégico 2010-2014

A Mundo a Sorrir é uma Organização Não Governamental para o Desenvolvimento que realiza Projectos de assistência, prevenção e sensibilização de doenças orais na População Portuguesa, e em alguns Países pertencentes à comunidade de expressão de língua Portuguesa, mais especificamente em (Cabo-Verde e na República da Guiné-Bissau). Pretende fazer chegar a mensagem a toda a população desfavorecida, que um dos factores sanitários básicos que mais têm contribuido para o aumento da esperança e qualidade de vida, são os cuidados de saúde oral, concretamente na reposição de dentes perdidos e redução de focos infecciosos. A Associação Mundo a Sorrir é a primeira Associação Portuguesa de Solidariedade dedicada à temática da Saúde Oral. O seu principal objectivo é a promoção da valorização do princípio da equidade do direito à Saúde Oral, assim como a sensibilização, divulgação e promoção de cuidados de Saúde Oral em Portugal e no Mundo. Desde 2006 que lhe foi atribuido o estatuto de ONGD.

Estratégia do Programa de Cabo Verde (2010-2014)

O Programa das Pequenas Subvenções do Fundo Mundial do Ambiente às ONGs (GEF SGP) é um programa a nível mundial implementado pelo PNUD e executado administrativamente pelos Escritórios das Nações Unidas para Execução de Projectos, a UNOPS. Lançado em 1992, expandiu-se de 22 países para 97, em 2007, e para 126 em Maio de 2009. Hoje, apoia mais de 13,500 projectos em várias regiões do globo. O processo de implementação do GEF SGP em Cabo Verde iniciou-se em 2006, tendo passado por uma missão de avaliação das capacidades e efectivamente implementado em Agosto de 2009. O GEF SGP financia projectos somente a organizações da sociedade civil nas 5 áreas focais do GEF, nomeadamente Biodiversidade, Mudanças Climáticas, Águas Internacionais, Degradação de Terras e Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes. A estrutura do GEF SGP é descentralizada e impulsionada pelos países de acolhimento. Os parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Conselho do GEF e do Secretariado, reflectidos no quadro estratégico do GEF SGP, prevêem um envolvimento activo das comunidades locais no programa. A visão do programa persiste em que soluções ambientais mundiais geralmente só são viáveis, se as populações locais estiverem activamente envolvidas e os benefícios direccionados ao nível local. A implementação efectiva do SGP é feita a partir da elaboração de uma Estratégia de Programa do País (EEP). Este documento orientador consegue articular os compromissos ambientais internacionais dos países de acolhimento com as áreas focais do GEF e com as prioridades nacionais. O EEP identifica caminhos para um acompanhamento e avaliação eficazes e eficientes e define linhas de acção para a mobilização de recursos e sustentabilidade do programa, no geral, o que o torna num mecanismo que promove uma cultura orientada para a obtenção de resultados. O documento define ainda as áreas temáticas e geográficas de abrangência, identifica objectivos, impactos e resultados que o programa almeja atingir nos próximos 4 anos. Mais ainda, norteia indicadores de sucesso e critérios básicos para a selecção dos projectos nas áreas focais do GEF SGP.

2010- 2014 Iowa Transportation Improvement Program

The Iowa Transportation Improvement Program (Program) is published to inform Iowans of planned investments in our state’s transportation system. The Iowa Transportation Commission (Commission) and Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) are committed to programming those investments in a fiscally responsible manner. A major component of the 2010-2014 Program is the full integration of funding allocated to the Iowa DOT from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act). To date, the Recovery Act has provided over $400 million of additional federal funding for transportation in Iowa, including funding that is allocated to local governments and entities. Recovery Act funding will result in a record year for transportation construction in Iowa and the creation and retention of jobs. Opportunities for additionalRecovery Act transportation funding remain and will be pursued as they becomeavailable. While Recovery Act funding will make a one-time significant impact in addressing Iowa’s backlog of needs, it is important to note that there remains a large shortfall in sustained annual transportation investment to meet Iowa’s current and future critical transportation needs. In recognition of this shortfall, Governor Culver introduced and the legislature passed an I-JOBS proposal. I-JOBS will result in an additional $50 million of state funding to reduce structurally deficient and functionally obsolete bridges on the primary road system and approximately $10 million in funding for other modes of transportation including $3 million of new funding to support the expansion of passenger rail service in Iowa. I-JOBS, and the continuing gradual increase in funding due to TIME-21, will complement and extend the benefits of Recovery Act funding and set the stage for addressing the shortfall in annual funding in the next few years. Iowa’s transportation system is multi-modal; therefore, the Program encompasses investments in aviation, transit, railroads, trails, and highways. A major component of the Program is the highway section. The FY2010-2014 highway section is financially balanced and was developed to achieve several objectives. The Commission’s primary highway investment objective is stewardship (i.e. safety, maintenance and preservation) of Iowa’s existing highway system. The highway section includes an annual average of $104 million for preserving the interstate system; an annual average of $78 million for non-interstate pavement preservation; an annual average of $36 million for non-interstate bridges; and an annual average of $14 million for safety projects. Another objective is to maintain the scheduled completion of interstate and non-interstate capacity and economic development projects that were identified in the previous Program and this Program does so. The final Commission objective is to further address capacity and economic development needs and the Commission has done so by adding several such projects to the Program. Construction improvements are partially funded through the current federal transportation act, Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). The act will expire September 30, 2009. With the expiration of SAFETEA-LU, there is significant uncertainty in the forecast of federal revenues in the out-years of this Program. The Commission and Iowa DOT will monitor federal actions closely and make adjustments to the Program as necessary. The Iowa DOT and Commission appreciate the public’s involvement in the state’s transportation planning process. Comments received personally, by letter, or through participation in the Commission’s regular meetings or public input meetings held around the state each year are invaluable in providing guidance for the future of Iowa’s transportation system. It should be noted that this document is a planning guide. It does not represent a binding commitment or obligation of the Commission or Iowa DOT, and is subject to change. You are invited to visit the Iowa DOT’s Web site at iowadot.gov for additional and regular updates about the department’s programs and activities.

“LAS OBLIGACIONES DE LOS AUDITORES Y SUS INCUMPLIMIENTOS. ANÁLISIS DE LAS INFRACCIONES Y SANCIONES ADMINISTRATIVAS EN EL PERÍODO 2008-2014”

Este trabajo ha tenido como principal objetivo analizar los distintos comportamientos de los auditores y sociedades de auditoría que dan lugar a las infracciones administrativas y sus correspondientes sanciones en el periodo comprendido entre 2008 hasta 20141, buscando la existencia de relaciones entre el comportamiento infractor y distintas variables que podrían influir en el mismo. Son muchos los factores o variables que podrían explicar los incumplimientos de la calidad del trabajo de los auditores y sociedades de auditoría por lo que tras un análisis teórico, se ha efectuado un análisis empírico, basando en una metodología exploratoria, buscando relaciones entre la variable “infracciones cometidas por auditores y sociedad de auditoría” y la variable explicativa “estructura dimensional”. Además, nos apoyamos en un análisis clúster para verificar si hay diferentes grupos de empresas en función de las cuantías de las sanciones monetarias que le son impuestas. Los resultados encontrados evidencian que la mayoría de las infracciones son debidas al incumplimiento de las normas de auditoría que pudiera tener efecto significativo en el trabajo realizado por el auditor, habiendo encontrado diferentes rangos de sanciones a lo largo del periodo de investigación. También se ha podido observar que existe una relación entre las infracciones y las características propias del auditor con una tendencia significativa hacia el auditor individual como mayor infractor.

Rolf Bernander (1956-2014): pioneer of the archaeal cell cycle.

On 19 January 2014 Rolf ('Roffe') Bernander passed away unexpectedly. Rolf was a dedicated scientist; his research aimed at unravelling the cell biology of the archaeal domain of life, especially cell cycle-related questions, but he also made important contributions in other areas of microbiology. Rolf had a professor position in the Molecular Evolution programme at Uppsala University, Sweden for about 8 years, and in January 2013 he became chair professor at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden. Rolf was an exceptional colleague and will be deeply missed by his family and friends, and the colleagues and co-workers that he leaves behind in the scientific community. He will be remembered for his endless enthusiasm for science, his analytical mind, and his quirky sense of humour.

Descripción del desarrollo gonadal de Mesodesma Donacium (bivalvia: Mesodesmatidae), durante el periodo 2006 - 2014, en el litoral de Tacna

Mesodesma donacium (Lamarck, 1818), ha disminuido su abundancia durante los últimos 30 años, debido a los eventos El Niño más recientes y a la sostenida extracción sin medidas de control, lo que generado repercusiones sobre los grupos de pescadores que se dedicaban únicamente a la extracción de este recurso. Para lograr una recuperación y administración sostenible de este recurso, se requiere actualizar conocimientos biológicos básicos en temas reproductivos como el desarrollo gonadal y su variación estacional, talla de primera madurez, periodos de desove y proporción sexual. Esta información no ha sido publicada en el Perú luego de los eventos El Niño de 1982 – 83 y 1997 – 98, por lo que la investigación a realizar está destinada a aportar y fortalecer el conocimiento sobre estos aspectos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el desarrollo gonadal de M. donacium que se distribuye desde Cerro Cortado por el norte (18º10´3´´S, 70º40´5´´W) hasta Santa Rosa por el sur (18º20´56´´S, 70º22´47´´W), Tacna, durante el periodo 2006 – 2014. El estudio se basó en el análisis histológico de 2503 muestras de gónadas, colectadas durante 32 meses. Se determinó la proporción sexual para los meses de estudio y se describió la ovogénesis y espermatogénesis, confirmando a la especie como dioica con reproducción de tipo parcial. Además, se realizó la descripción de una escala de madurez gonadal por procesamiento histológico y teniendo como base esta escala, se estableció una escala de madurez gonadal por frotis. Se halló la frecuencia de estadios de madurez gonadal y el índice de actividad reproductiva por estación, utilizando la información obtenida luego del análisis histológico. Se encontró que la proporción sexual fue 1:1 en los meses de mayor actividad reproductiva, sin embargo, existió una predominancia significativa de machos en otoño del 2010, 2012 y verano del 2012, 2014, estaciones en las que existió un elevado porcentaje de organismos indiferenciados y en estadio V (recuperación/ post expulsión). En la nueva escala de madurez, realizada por procesamiento histológico, se consideraron seis estadios: virginal (0), reposo (I), en maduración (II), maduro (III), desovante/ expulsante (IV) y recuperación/ post expulsante (V), en hembras y machos. Se definieron tres estadios en la escala de madurez realizada por frotis: virginales, inactivos y activos. Las frecuencias relativas de estadios de madurez muestran un predominio del estadio V, a partir del año 2008, en verano y otoño. Además, las frecuencias de los estadios III y IV aumentaron de forma creciente, de verano a primavera. Los valores mensuales del índice de actividad reproductiva variaron según el año de estudio, observándose los mayores valores en primavera. Se halló la talla de primera madurez, siendo 34.4 mm para machos y 34.9 mm para hembras de longitud valvar.