Bifunctional primary amine 2-aminobenzimidazole organocatalyst anchored to trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine in enantioselective conjugate additions of aldehydes

Bifunctional chiral primary amine 8 containing an (S,S)-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine scaffold and a 2-benzimidazole unit is used as a general organocatalyst for the Michael addition of α,α-branched aldehydes to nitroalkenes and maleimides. The reactions take place, with 20 mol % of catalyst in dichloromethane at rt for nitroalkenes and with 15 mol % catalyst loading in toluene at 10 °C for maleimides, in good yields and enantioselectivities. DFT calculations demonstrate the bifunctional character of this organocatalyst activating the aldehyde by enamine formation and the Michael acceptor by double hydrogen bonding.

BASES NEUROBIOLOGICAS DE LA FORMACION DE MEMORIAS TRAUMATICAS EN MODELOS ANIMALES: APROXIMACIÓN FARMACOLOGICA PARA SU REVERSION

La hipótesis de la reconsolidación propone que una memoria consolidada entra nuevamente en un estado lábil seguido por un nuevo proceso de estabilización dependiente de síntesis de proteínas, definido como reconsolidación. Durante el proceso de desestabilización, la traza puede actualizarse incorporando nueva información ajustándose a nuevas exigencias ambientales. Esta visión le otorga a la memoria una propiedad flexible y dinámica, contrariamente a lo sugerido por la clásica teoría de la consolidación que definía el trazo de memoria como algo inflexible e inmutable. La reconsolidación de la memoria consta de dos fases: un proceso de labilización o desestabilización, seguido de una fase de re-estabilización. Evidencias recientes de nuestro laboratorio sugieren que la ocurrencia de un estado emocional negativo, como el generado por un evento traumático (estrés) reduce la vulnerabilidad de la traza durante la evocación, es decir la memoria bajo estas condiciones se vuelve resistente a la interferencia y disminuye las probabilidades de la ocurrencia de la reconsolidación. La abstinencia al etanol genera un estado emocional negativo de características similares al generado por estrés en el complejo basolateral de la Amígdala (BLA). El presente proyecto está dirigido a estudiar los mecanismos neurobiológicos implicados en la memoria resistente, en dos áreas cerebrales críticamente involucradas en la memoria de miedo contextual: BLA y el hipocampo dorsal (HD). Se verificará la reactividad a los agentes interferentes (Midazolam y Propranolol) sobre la reconsolidación tanto en animales estresados como en abstinentes. Además, estudiaremos la expresión de las subunidades de receptores NMDA y GABA-A en las áreas mencionadas. Además nos proponemos re-establecer la capacidad dinámica de la traza con herramientas farmacológicas como la infusión local de un agonista parcial de receptores NMDA. Bajo este esquema hipotético, este tratamiento permitirá re-establecer las propiedades biológicas que definen el proceso de labilización/reconsolidación, con la recuperación de la vulnerabilidad a los agentes interferentes de esta fase ante la presentación del recordatorio. En síntesis, proponemos que los cambios originados por la instauración de un estado emocional negativo modelan la dinámica de la memoria resultante al momento de la evocación. Listado de abreviaturas usadas: BLA: Complejo basolateral de la amígdala HD: hipocampo dorsal R-NMDA: receptores NMDA R-GABAA: receptores GABAA MDZ: Midazolam PROP: propranolol DCS: d-cycloserina

Forecasting migration between the EU, V4 and Eastern Europe. Impact of visa abolition. OSW Report, July 2014

This book is the result of one year of solid work among a multinational research team assembled from seven states (Poland, Czechia, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova). It aims at a detailed analysis of migration patterns and migration forecasts from Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova to the EU/V4. In particular, the nexus between EU visa policy and migration dynamics as well as the impact of economic, political and institutional factors on migration from Eastern Europe have been investigated. The importance of migration policy must be stressed here. Together with demand for the foreign labour force (labour market needs, level of wages, existing work opportunities) and migration networks (including ethnic links), migration policy has a powerful influence on the scale, directions and characteristics of human flows.

Premature Sister Chromatid Separation Is Poorly Detected by the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint as a Result of System-Level Feedback

Sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by the cohesin complex, is essential for faithful mitosis. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that the surveillance mechanism that governs mitotic fidelity, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), is not robust enough to halt cell division when cohesion loss occurs prematurely. The mechanism behind this poor response is not properly understood. Using developing Drosophila brains, we show that full sister chromatid separation elicits a weak checkpoint response resulting in abnormal mitotic exit after a short delay. Quantitative live-cell imaging approaches combined with mathematical modeling indicate that weak SAC activation upon cohesion loss is caused by weak signal generation. This is further attenuated by several feedback loops in the mitotic signaling network. We propose that multiple feedback loops involving cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) gradually impair error-correction efficiency and accelerate mitotic exit upon premature loss of cohesion. Our findings explain how cohesion defects may escape SAC surveillance.

Dynamical Scenarios for Chromosome Bi-orientation

Chromosome bi-orientation at the metaphase spindle is essential for precise segregation of the genetic material. The process is error-prone, and error-correction mechanisms exist to switch misaligned chromosomes to the correct, bi-oriented configuration. Here, we analyze several possible dynamical scenarios to explore how cells might achieve correct bi-orientation in an efficient and robust manner. We first illustrate that tension-mediated feedback between the sister kinetochores can give rise to a bistable switch, which allows robust distinction between a loose attachment with low tension and a strong attachment with high tension. However, this mechanism has difficulties in explaining how bi-orientation is initiated starting from unattached kinetochores. We propose four possible mechanisms to overcome this problem (exploiting molecular noise; allowing an efficient attachment of kinetochores already in the absence of tension; a trial-and-error oscillation; and a stochastic bistable switch), and assess their impact on the bi-orientation process. Based on our results and supported by experimental data, we put forward a trial-and-error oscillation and a stochastic bistable switch as two elegant mechanisms with the potential to promote bi-orientation both efficiently and robustly.

II. Streichquartett für 2 Violinen, Viola und Violoncell. Op. 17.

Title from Violin I part.

Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905, mit Mitteln der Hermann und Elise geb. Heckmann Wentzel-Stiftung ausgeführt. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse.

Contributions in German, English, French or Italian.

Travels from Vienna through lower Hungary; with some remarks on the state of Vienna during the Congress, in the year 1814.

Plates after drawings by Bright engraved by Elizabeth Byrne, John Byrne, Lititia Byrne, H. Hobson, Samuel Middiman, Milton, John Pye, William Raymond Smith. Maps engraved by Sidney Hall. Wood-engraved head-pieces.

Moritz von Schwind und Karl Spitzweg, Bilder der Heimat.

Text signed: Heinrich Wölfflin.

Land und Frau; Wochenschrift für Geflügelhaltung, Gartenbau und Hauswirtschaft.

Subtitle varies.

Publii Ouidii Nasonis Sulmonensis Metamorphoseos librorum XV opus auctum et recognitum ... Petri Lauinii ... Tropologice expositiones ... Lactantii Firmiani Cocli Argumenta in omneis eiusdem operis fabulas ... Adnotationes ... Philippi Beroaldi, Joannis Baptiste Pii, Jani Parrhasii, Lodouici Celii Rhodigini, Jacobi Bononièsis, Baptiste Egnatii et Dio. Guid. huc curauit adiiciedas Jeannes Theodoricus Bellouacus. Additus est etiam geminus index ... Joa[n]nis Fra[n]cisci Quintiani Stoevoete facu[n]dissimi ingeniosa Disticha in omneis fabulas ... videbis.

Mode of access: Internet.

Die Rettung.

"Blätter zur Erkenntnis der Zeit."

A kézügyesség kis iskolája = Kleine Schule der Geläufigkeit /

Reissued from Rózsavöllgyi és Társa plates. Pl. nos.: 3831--3832.

Ludwig Börne's Sämmtliche Werke...

Each volume has also special title page.

Freya.

Subtitle varies: 1861, Illustrirte Blätter für Deutschlands Frauen und Jungfrauen.--1862, Illustrirte Familien-Blätter.--186 -67, Illustrirte Blätter für die gebildete Welt. cf. C.G. Kayser. Vollständiges Bücher-Lexicon; J. Kirchner. Die deutsche Zeitschriftenwesen. 1958-62.