Lincoln Alcohol Safety Action Project. Roadside survey report. 1971-1972.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

A household survey on alcohol and traffic safety issues. Analytical study no. 7.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Comparison of recovered alcoholic and non-alcoholic communicator in alcohol education. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

On-the-road driving behavior and breath alcohol concentration. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Trends in public information within the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project, 1975.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Attitudinal and behavioral changes of alcohol impaired drivers and analytical study of the alcohol education program of the Boston Alcohol Safety Action Project. Analytical studies 5 and 6.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

An evaluation of the impact of the Columbus, Georgia Alcohol Safety Action Project's public information and education countermeasures January, 1972 through December, 1974. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project - analytic study no. 7: analysis of public information and education. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Alcohol and alcohol safety. A curriculum manual for junior high level. Volume II of II. A teacher's activities guide.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Alcohol and alcohol safety. A curriculum manual for senior high level. Volume I of II.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Alcohol and alcohol safety. A curriculum manual for elementary level. Volume I of II.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Alcohol and alcohol safety. A curriculum manual for junior high level. Volume I of II.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Analysis of the New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project's public information and education countermeasure.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Prevalence of drug use in the DC Metropolitan Area institutionalized population, 1991.

Shipping list no.: 94-0324-P.

The genetics of alcohol intake and of alcohol dependence

Background: Because alcohol has multiple dose-dependent consequences, it is important to understand the causes of individual variation in the amount of alcohol used. The aims of this study were to assess the long-term repeatability and genetic or environmental causes of variation in alcohol intake and to estimate the degree of overlap with causes of susceptibility to alcohol dependence. Methods: Data were used from three studies conducted between 1980 and 1995 on volunteer adult male and female Australian twin subjects. In each study, alcohol intake was reported both as quantity X frequency and as past-week data. Repeatability was calculated as correlations between occasions and between measures, and the effects of genes and environment were estimated by multivariate model fitting to the twin pair repeated measures of alcohol use. Relationships between mean alcohol use and the lifetime history of DSM-III-R alcohol dependence were tested by bivariate model fitting. Results: Repeatability of the alcohol intake measures was between 0.54 and 0.85, with the highest repeatability between measures within study and the lowest repeatability between the first and last studies. Reported alcohol consumption was mainly affected by genetic factors affecting all times of study and by nonshared environmental factors (including measurement error) unique to each time of study. Genes that affect alcohol intake do affect alcohol dependence, but genetic effects unique to dependence are also significant; environmental effects are largely unique to either intake and dependence. Conclusions: Nearly all the repeatable component of variation in alcohol intake is due to genetic effects. Genes affecting intake also affect dependence risk, but there are other genes that affect dependence alone. Studies aiming to identify genes that affect alcohol use disorders need to test loci and candidate genes against both phenotypes.