Plasma cortisol levels and illness appraisal in deficit syndrome schizophrenia

Research investigating the association between negative symptoms and plasma cortisol levels in individuals with schizophrenia has produced inconsistent findings. This study investigated whether deficit syndrome schizophrenia (characterized by high levels of primary negative symptoms) is associated with comparatively high morning plasma cortisol levels, more negative appraisals about illness and higher levels of depression. Participants were 85 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 85 individuals with no history of contact with psychiatric services matched for age and gender. All participants provided fasting 9.00 a.m. plasma cortisol samples. There were no significant differences between the schizophrenia and control participants in plasma cortisol levels. The Proximal Deficit Syndrome method was used to identify individuals with deficit syndrome schizophrenia. Contrary to what had been hypothesized, participants with deficit syndrome schizophrenia had significantly lower plasma cortisol levels than both non-deficit syndrome participants and control participants. Participants with the deficit syndrome reported significantly less negative appraisals about illness (assessed by PBIQ) and lower levels of depression (assessed by BDI-II). Differences in cortisol levels continued to trend toward significance when levels of depression were controlled for. The patterns of illness-related appraisals and plasma cortisol levels raise the possibility that the deficit syndrome could be a form of adaptation syndrome.

Electron-impact excitation of FeII - Collision strengths and effective collision strengths for low-lying fine-structure forbidden transitions

Context. Absorption or emission lines of Fe II are observed in many astrophysical spectra and accurate atomic data are required to interpret these lines. The calculation of electron-impact excitation rates for transitions among even the lowest lying levels of Fe II is a formidable task for theoreticians.

Aims. In this paper, we present collision strengths and effective collision strengths for electron-impact excitation of Fe II for low-lying forbidden transitions among the lowest 16 fine-structure levels arising from the four LS states 3d(6)4s D-6(e), 3d(7) F-4(e), 3d(6)4s D-4(e), and 3d(7) P-4(e). The effective collision strengths are calculated for a wide range of electron temperatures of astrophysical importance from 30-100 000 K.

Methods. The parallel suite of Breit-Pauli codes are utilised to compute the collision cross sections for electron-impact excitation of Fe II and relativistic terms are included explicitly in both the target and the scattering approximation. 100 LS or 262-jj levels formed from the basis configurations 3d(6)4s, 3d(7), and 3d(6)4p were included in the wavefunction representation of the target, including all doublet, quartet, and sextet terms. Collision strengths for a total of 34191 individual transitions were computed.

Results. A detailed comparison is made with previous theoretical works and significant differences were found to occur in the effective collision strengths, particularly at low temperatures.

Lack of genetic structure and evidence for long-distance dispersal in ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations under threat from an emergent fungal pathogen: implications for restorative planting

Genetic analysis on populations of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) throughout Ireland was carried out to determine the levels and patterns of genetic diversity in naturally seeded trees in ash woodlands and hedgerows, with the aim of informing conservation and replanting strategies in the face of potential loss of trees as a result of ash dieback. Samples from 33 sites across Northern Ireland and three sites in the Republic of Ireland were genotyped for eight nuclear and ten chloroplast microsatellites. Levels of diversity were high (mean A R = 10.53; mean H O = 0.709; mean H E = 0.765) and were similar to those in Great Britain and continental Europe, whilst levels of population genetic differentiation based on nuclear microsatellites were extremely low (Φ ST = 0.0131). Levels of inbreeding (mean F IS = 0.067) were significantly lower than those reported for populations from Great Britain. Fine-scale analysis of seed dispersal indicated potential for dispersal over hundreds of metres. Our results suggest that ash woodlands across Ireland could be treated as a single management unit, and thus native material from anywhere in Ireland could be used as a source for replanting. In addition, high potential for dispersal has implications for recolonization processes post-ash dieback (Chalara fraxinea) infection, and could aid in our assessment of the capacity of ash to shift its range in response to global climate change.

The Anthropology of Borders

6,000 word state of art essay

The Unusually Luminous Extragalactic Nova SN 2010U

We present observations of the unusual optical transient SN 2010U, including spectra taken 1.03 days to 15.3 days after maximum light that identify it as a fast and luminous Fe II type nova. Our multi-band light curve traces the fast decline (t 2 = 3.5 ± 0.3 days) from maximum light (MV = -10.2 ± 0.1 mag), placing SN 2010U in the top 0.5% of the most luminous novae ever observed. We find typical ejecta velocities of ≈1100 km s-1 and that SN 2010U shares many spectral and photometric characteristics with two other fast and luminous Fe II type novae, including Nova LMC 1991 and M31N-2007-11d. For the extreme luminosity of this nova, the maximum magnitude versus rate of decline relationship indicates a massive white dwarf (WD) progenitor with a low pre-outburst accretion rate. However, this prediction is in conflict with emerging theories of nova populations, which predict that luminous novae from massive WDs should preferentially exhibit an alternate spectral type (He/N) near maximum light.

Investigation into the effect of molybdenum-site substitution on the performance of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

In this paper, niobium doping is evaluated as a means of enhancing the electrochemical performance of a Sr₂Fe_1.5Mo_0.5O_6-δ (SFM) perovskite structure cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) applications. As the radius of Nb approximates that of Mo and exhibits +4/+5 mixed valences, its substitution is expected to improve material performance. A series of Sr₂Fe_1.5Mo_0.5-xNb_xO_6-δ (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) cathode materials are prepared and the phase structure, chemical compatibility, microstructure, electrical conductivity, polarization resistance and power generation are systematically characterized. Among the series of samples, Sr₂Fe_1.5Mo_0.4Nb_0.10O_6-δ (SFMNb_0.10) exhibits the highest conductivity value of 30 S cm^-1 at 550°C, and the lowest area specific resistance of 0.068 Ω cm² at 800°C. Furthermore, an anode-supported single cell incorporating a SFMNb_0.10 cathode presents a maximum power density of 1102 mW cm^-2 at 800°C. Furthermore no obvious performance degradation is observed over 15 h at 750°C with wet H₂(3% H₂O) as fuel and ambient air as the oxidant. These results demonstrate that SFMNb shows great promise as a novel cathode material for IT-SOFCs.

Produção de um agente de controlo biológico de doenças pós-colheita, em reactor biológico, a partir de resíduos de alfarroba. Estudos de transferência de massa.

Dissertação mest., Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

Investigating Ambrosia Pollen Episodes in Poland Using Back-Trajectory Analysis

Background: The pollen grains of Ambrosia spp. are considered to be important aeroallergens. Previous studies have shown that the long-range transport of Ambrosia pollen to Poland is intermittent and mainly related to the passage of air masses over the Carpathian and Sudetes mountains from sources to the south, e.g. the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. In this study, Ambrosia pollen counts and back-trajectories from specific episodes in 1999 and 2002 have been analysed with the aim of identifying possible new sources of Ambrosia pollen arriving at three sites in Poland. Method: The combination of Ambrosia pollen measurements (daily average and bi-hourly concentrations) and air mass trajectory calculations were used to investigate two Ambrosia pollen episodes recorded at Rzeszow, Krakow and Poznań on the 4th and 5th September 1999 and 3rd September 2002. Ambrosia pollen counts were recorded by volumetric spore traps of the Hirst design. Trajectories were calculated using the transport model within the Lagrangian air pollution model, ACDEP (Atmospheric Chemistry and Deposition). Results: The collective results of pollen measurements and back-trajectory analysis indicate plumes of Ambrosia pollen travelling up through Poland from the southeast during the investigated episodes. In 1999, the plume was first recorded at Rzeszow in Southeastern Poland during the morning of the 4th September. Its route can be followed as it passed Krakow during the afternoon of the 4th, and later on the 4th and 5th September at Poznań. Similarly, back-trajectories calculated during the morning and afternoon from Krakow and Rzeszow on the 3rd September 2002 indicates that the air masses arrived at these sites from the East or Southeast. Conclusion: This study shows the progress of Ambrosia plumes into Poland from the southeast. Ambrosia pollen release occurs mainly during the day and so a midday peak in Ambrosia pollen concentrations may indicate a local source. However, if the plume of Ambrosia pollen tracked along its northwesterly path over Poland during investigated episodes did not originate from inside Poland, then it is likely that it came from the Ukraine. This identifies a possible new source of ragweed pollen for Poland. Trajectory analysis can only show the path along which an air mass travels, not the specific source area. Further investigation could therefore include source based transport models such as 3D Eulerian atmospheric transport models.

A ilustração e o Skate

Este projecto de investigação tem como objectivo o estudo da relação entre a Cultura Urbana do Skate e a Ilustração. A partir desta premissa, é proposto um trabalho teórico-prático que reflecte sobre a aplicação da Ilustração no universo do Skate. Através da vertente teórica, procura-se fundamentar e explicar a prática, constituindo uma recolha de estudos de caso adequados aos objectivos práticos do projecto. Na vertente prática, é proposto um sistema de trabalho em rede entre os dois autores, são delineadas várias etapas de implementação repartidas entre ambos, onde cada autor desempenha o seu cargo de forma autónoma com valores e objectivos compartilhados. Posteriormente, é apresentado um relatório com os resultados práticos deste projecto que envolvem a criação de um blogue gráfico experimental, uma marca que o identifica e um evento que reúne a Cultura Urbana do Skate, a Ilustração e a Música. O presente documento é composto por dois volumes distintos. O primeiro volume destina-se à redação escrita da dissertação sobre a investigação realizada. O segundo volume destina-se à documentação de todas as etapas de implementação prática do projecto, através de um dossier de campo.

Redes e investimento directo estrangeiro

O crescimento da concorrência internacional pela captação de lnvestimento Directo externo (IDE) deixa transparecer o interesse dos países e regiões por um instrumento que pode canalizar recursos externos importantes para o seu crescimento económico. Na atracção deste investimento, atribui-se tradicionalmente grande relevância à dotação do país/região de acolhimento em factores produtivos básicos e ao regime público de incentivos praticado, desvalorizando-se, amiúde, o processo de tomada de decisão por parte do investidor. Sabe-se, entretanto, que nesse processo, de natureza interactiva, as redes (sociais, intra-empresariais, inter-empresariais e institucionais) desempenham um papel estratégico de mediação na recolha, selecção e processamento da informação sobre os países/regiões de acolhimento. Os mecanismos de formação e actuação destas redes no processo de atracção de IDE são analisados neste artigo.

Antibiotic susceptibility of Neochlamydia hartmanellae and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae in amoebae.

Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Neochlamydia hartmanellae are Chlamydia-related bacteria naturally infecting free-living amoebae. These strict intracellular bacteria might represent emerging pathogens. Recent studies report an association with lower respiratory tract infections, especially with pneumonia where they have been identified as a potential causative agent in 1-2% of cases. In this study, we defined the antibiotic susceptibility of N. hartmanellae, two strains of P. acanthamoebae and two yet unclassified Parachlamydiaceae strains using a quantitative approach. We confirmed the results obtained earlier for P. acanthamoebae strain Bn9 in an observational study. Macrolides (MICs < 0.06-0.5 μg/ml), rifampicin (MICs 0.25-2) and doxycycline (2-4 μg/ml) were active against P. acanthamoebae strains and Neochlamydia. All strains were resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and imipenem (MIC ≥32 μg/ml). Similarly to other Chlamydia-related bacteria, all investigated Parachlamydiaceae were resistant to quinolones (MICs ≥ 16 μg/ml). Therefore, we recommend a treatment with macrolides for Parachlamydia-associated pneumonia.