二苯基-15-冠-5加速钠离子和钾离子在微米管支撑的微-水/1,2-二氯乙烷界面上的转移反应

玻璃微米管针尖可用于支撑微米级的水/1,2-二氯乙烷（W/DCE）界面,并用来研究二苯基-15-冠-5（DB15C5）加速钠离子和钾离子转移反应的机理和求算其络合物的稳定常数.在两种极限情况下,即水相中金属离子浓度远大于有机相中DB15C5的浓度（DB15C5扩散控制过程）和有机相中DB15C5的浓度远大于水相中金属离子浓度（金属离子扩散控制过程）,循环伏安研究表明,加速钠离子转移反应均发生1∶1（金属离子:载体）的界面络合转移过程,相应的一级络合常数分别为logβ1=8.97±0.05和logβ1=8.63±0.03.而对于加速钾离子转移反应,当 DB15C5扩散控制时发生的是一个1:2的界面络合转移过程,当钾离子扩散控制时,在电位窗内却观察到两个过程:一个较低电位的1∶2的界面络合转移过程和一个较高电位的1∶1界面络合转移过程.两种极限条件下所求算的钾离子和DB15C5的二级络合常数分别为logβ1=13.64±0.03和logβ2=11.34±0.24.

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of trace iron (III) and aluminum (III) with hybrid linear analysis

Hybrid linear analysis (HLA) was applied to resolution of overlapping spectra of Fe3+-salicylfluorone and Al3+-salicylfluorone complexes and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Fe3+ and Al3+. The absorbance matrix of 7 standard mixtures at 41 measuring points ranged from the wavelength of 550 nm to 630 nm was used for calibration. To avoid the effect of interaction between the two components on the determination, the column vector of K matrix obtained from the standard mixtures with least squares was used as the pure spectrum of component. The recoveries of the two elements for the analysis of the synthetic samples were 93.3% similar to 107.5% in the range of the concentration ratio of Fe3+:Al3+ = 10:1 to 1:8. Comparing with the partial least squares (PIS) model, the HLA method was simple, accuracy and precise.

Structural changes of TiO2 gel using Eu3+ ion as the fluorescence probe

Because of the extremely sensitivity to the local environment of the D-5(0) --> F-7(2) transition of Eu3+ ion, the fluorescence of Eu3+ ions was Studied by introducing Eu3+ ions to TiO2 gel by the sol-gel method, from which the structural changes of TiO2 gel were characterized. The results showed that the intensity of D-5(0) --> F-7(2) transition increased with the increasement of heat treatment temperature, which indicated the evaporation of molecular water and the completeness of the condensation reaction. Because of the quenching of the fluorescence induced by the cluster of Eu3+ ions, the addition of Al3+ ions greatly enhanced the emission intensity of Eu3+ ion.

Eu~(3+)离子作为荧光探针研究TiO_2凝胶的结构变化

利用Eu3+离子的5D0→7F2超灵敏跃迁对环境的极度敏感性， 将 Eu3+离子引入溶胶凝胶法制备的TiO2凝胶玻璃中， 并对Eu3+离子掺入后的光谱性质进行了研究， 从而表征了TiO2凝胶形成中的结构变化过程结果发现， 随处理温度的升高，5D0→7F2跃迁强度逐渐增强， 说明水分子的不断挥发、缩聚反应进行的不断完全； 同时将Al3+离子掺入到溶胶中， 研究了其在Eu3+离子的聚集所导致的荧光猝灭现象中所起的作用， 结果表明Al3+ 离子的加入大大提高了Eu3+离子的发光强度

取代基效应与乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物的序列结构——5.乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物

本文应用取代基效应(SCS)方法研究了乙烯-乙烯醇(EVA)共聚物,得到了羟基(-OH)在两种不同溶剂中的SCS参数:在苯酚+重水(80/20W/W)中参数为S_1=42.77±0.08ppm,S_2=7.155±0.06ppm,S_3(s)=-4.08±0.02ppm,S_3(t)=-3.09±0.02ppm,S_4=0.48±0.03ppm,S_5=0.26±0.05ppm,在以邻二氯苯为溶剂时参数为S_1=44.97±0.61ppm,S_2=7.40±0.00ppm,S_3(s)=-4.51±0.17ppm,S_3(t)=-3.13±0.00ppm,S_4=0.63±0.04ppm,S_5=0.36±0.00ppm,同时利用所得到的SCS参数对该共聚物的~(13)C NMR谱进行了归属。

Cloning and characterization of beta-carotene ketolase gene promoter in Haematococcus pluvialis

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates a highly valuable ketocarotenoid, astaxanthin, under various environmental stresses. beta-carotene ketolase (BKT) plays a key role in astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis. In this paper, an approximate 700 bp 5'-flanking region of the bkt gene containing a putative promoter was cloned through walking upstream. The results of the sequence analysis showed that this bkt 5'-flanking region might have cis-acting elements such as sterol regulatory element (SRE-1)-like motifs, the C-repeat/dehydration responsive element (DRE) and al-3 proximal element (APE)-like motifs, except for typical TATA and CCAAT boxes. The results of the P-galactosidase assay and the transient expression of lacZ driven by a series of sequential deletions revealed that a minimal promoter-like region might exist from -630 to -408 bp, and the highest promoter activity was observed to span the positions from -630 to -308 bp. The results of the site-directed mutagenesis of a C-repeat/DRE and two APE-like motifs in a promoter-like region (-630 to -308 bp) suggested that two APE-like motifs might be essential for transcriptional control of the bkt gene.

In vitro selected peptides bind with thymidylate synthase mRNA and inhibit its translation

Thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme for catalyzing the biosynthesis of thymidylate, is a critical therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that TS functions as an RNA-binding protein by interacting with two different sequences on its own mRNA, thus, repressing translational efficiency. In this study, peptides binding TS RNA with high affinity were isolated using mRNA display from a large peptide library (>10(13) different sequences). The randomized library was subjected up to twelve rounds of in vitro selection and amplification. Comparing the amino acid composition of the selected peptides (12th round, R12) with those from the initial random library (round zero, R0), the basic and aromatic residues in the selected peptides were enriched significantly, suggesting that these peptide regions might be important in the peptide-TS mRNA interaction. Categorizing the amino acids at each random position based on their physicochemical properties and comparing the distributions with those of the initial random pool, an obvious basic charge characteristic was found at positions 1, 12, 17 and 18, suggesting that basic side chains participate in RNA binding. Secondary structure prediction showed that the selected peptides of R12 pool represented a helical propensity compared with R0 pool, and the regions were rich in basic residues. The electrophoretic gel mobility shift and in vitro translation assays showed that the peptides selected using mRNA display could bind TS RNA specifically and inhibit the translation of TS mRNA. Our results suggested that the identified peptides could be used as new TS inhibitors and developed to a novel class of anticancer agents.

Spectral changes of C-phycocyanin with different molar ratios of SPDP

Pure C-phycocyanin was prepared from Spirulina platensis using one-step anion-exchange chromatography. The C-PC obtained was with an absorption maximum at 620 nm and a fluorescence emission maximum at 640 nm when excited by 580 nm. SPDP is an excellent heterobifunctional crosslinker for thiolating amines. Different molar ratios of SPDP have remarkable influence on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of C-phycocyanin. The absorption maximum and fluorescence emission maximum both decreased and blue-shifted from 640 run to 630 nm as the molar ratios of SPDP increased. It was found that the molar ratios of SPDP to C-phycocyanin was not more than 100 was appropriate to being conjugated with other biomolecules from the absorption and fluorescence spectra of C-phycocyanin.

A quasi-synoptic interpretation of water mass distribution and circulation in the western North Pacific: I. Water mass distribution

With high-resolution conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) observations conducted in Oct.-Nov. 2005, this study provides a detailed quasi-synoptic description of the North Pacific Tropic Water (NPTW), North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the western North Pacific. Some novel features are found. NPTW enters the western ocean with highest-salinity core off shore at 15 degrees-18 degrees N, and then splits to flow northward and southward along the western boundary. Its salinity decreases and density increases outside the core region. NPIW spreads westward north of 15 degrees N with lowest salinity off shore at 21 degrees N, but mainly hugs the Mindanao coast south of 12 degrees N. It shoals and thins toward the south, with salinity increasing and density decreasing. AAIW extends to higher latitude off shore than that in shore, and it is traced as a salinity minimum to only 10 degrees N at 130 degrees E. Most of the South Pacific waters turn northeastward rather than directly flow northward upon reaching to the Mindanao coast, indicating the eastward shift of the Mindanao Undercurrent (MUC).

黄海冷水团及邻近海域小型底栖动物多样性及其环境效应

2007年夏季对黄海冷水团及邻近海域共48个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了科考研究。所调查站位的小型底栖动物平均丰度达2194 ± 1598 inds./10cm2，其中北黄海17个站位平均丰度为3408 ± 1578 inds./10cm2，南黄海31个站位平均丰度为1529 ± 1121 inds./10cm2。调查站位平均生物量为1839 ± 1289 g dwt/10cm2，其中北黄海站位平均生物量为2760 ± 1340g dwt/10cm2，南黄海平均生物量为1335 ± 902g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共18个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，达总量的88%，且在南（88.3%）、北黄海（87.7%）基本无差异。在生物量上，同样以自由生线虫贡献最多（42％），多毛类居次（22%），其他生物量较多的还有桡足类（13%）和甲壳类幼体（12%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物占79%，次表层2-5cm占17%，最底层5-8cm仅占4%。统计分析表明研究站位小型底栖动物丰度和生物量与沉积物叶绿素a、有机质含量、中值粒径显著或极显著正相关，与水深呈极显著负相关，此外小型底栖动物生物量与沉积物粉砂粘土含量显著负相关。 同年秋季搭载开放航次对黄海5个站位、东海3个站位、南海2个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了调查研究。对三个海域小型底栖动物的比较研究发现，平均丰度以黄海最高，达2132 ± 946 inds./10cm2，东海次之，为1954 ± 2047 inds./10cm2，而南海仅156 ± 56 inds./10cm2；三海域的平均生物量依次为2193 ± 1148 g dwt/10cm2、1865 ± 1555 g dwt/10cm2和212 ± 22 g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共14个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，分别占总量的85%、89%、85%。在生物量上，黄海以自由生线虫贡献最多（33％），多毛类居次（18%）；东海二者比例相近（约37％），而南海则以多毛类占绝对优势（56％），线虫居次（25%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，三个海区差异较大：分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物在黄海高达90%，东海仅46%，在南海为63%。统计分析表明，本研究站位小型底栖动物丰度与沉积物中的叶绿素a及脱镁叶绿素a含量和底温呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关。该结果与本航次之后在广东湛江和海南以东的南海海域开展的908调查结果形成了鲜明对照，后者的小型底栖动物及线虫丰度与沉积物中有机质含量呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关，表明近海受人类干扰影响较大。 本文利用微宇宙实验方法，来确定不同浓度梯度的Cu、Pb以及Cu/ Pb混合重金属污染物对青岛湾小型底栖动物（主要是线虫）的影响。加入污染物后，分别在1、3、7、14、21天进行取样分析。结果显示，Cu和Cu/Pb混合高浓度实验单元组的线虫丰度除在第21天有较明显减少外，在整个实验周期内基本没有变化，分析可能系高浓度Cu的固定作用从而使小型底栖动物无法腐烂降解造成的。同一时间尺度上，各重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度均高于（或接近于）空白对照组，较高浓度的重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度高于（或接近于）较低浓度重金属污染物实验单元，Cu/Pb混合低浓度实验单元的线虫丰度高于同一时间尺度Cu低浓度和Pb低浓度实验单元。推测是由于采样点的线虫群落中存在对Cu和Pb的耐受种或者“机会种”造成的。

中国海鳃虱科（甲壳动物亚门：等足目）的分类学及动物地理学研究

寄生亚目是甲壳动物等足目10个亚目中唯一完全寄生的类群。成体是甲壳类的寄生生物，多附生于十足目的鳃室内或腹部，吸食寄主体液。大多数为海生种。由于其特殊的寄生生活方式，寄生亚目的外部形态变化很大，新物种的分化和形成使这一类群的种类多样度较高。鳃虱类的寄生使寄主的生长发育和繁殖受到很大影响，寄主难以达到性成熟进行繁殖。鳃虱类为了适应寄生生活，身体形态发生了很大变化，增加了鉴定的困难。与等足目的其它亚目相比，我国对寄生亚目的研究很少，黄海、东海的报道几乎为空白，南海的报道也仅限于国外学者对香港，台湾及其邻近海域鳃虱科的研究。因此亟需对我国海域寄生等足类进行全面而系统的分类学及地理分布研究。 本文研究的标本均为中国科学院海洋研究所标本馆馆藏的寄生亚目标本，采集地包括了我国南北各海区，包括渤海、黄海、东海和广阔的南海海域。通过全国海洋综合调查，和中越北部湾海洋综合调查以及中国科学院西沙群岛生物调查和南沙群岛海域综合调查，全国沿海的调查采集，获得了大量的鳃虱科标本。本文应用传统的形态分类学方法，结合电镜扫描技术对现有的所有鳃虱科标本进行了鉴定，并对其地理分布进行了研究。 寄生亚目现有的11科中，鳃虱科所包括的种类最多，也是到目前为止研究最多的科。该科共记录约630种，分别隶属于10个亚科157属。本文记录了中国海域鳃虱类7亚科43属（发现2新属，19属为中国海首次记录），87种（39新种，1新亚种，3个未定种）。其中黄渤海20种，东海27种，南海为52种，2种在3个海区均有分布，从数量上看，南海的种类明显多于黄渤海、东海，这说明中国鳃虱科区系以暖水性种为主。 本文对87种进行了翔实的描记，提供了雌性和雄性的外形图和主要鉴定特征图，给出了一些较小的雄性个体的扫描电镜图片，总结了亚科和亚科内属的特征，并附了检索表，修订了中国已报道寄生亚目的中文名称。 本研究是我国首次对寄生亚目鳃虱科的分类学和动物地理学进行全面而系统的研究，研究结果将改变我国在寄生亚目鳃虱科研究方面的薄弱现状，为今后进一步研究此类动物提供了重要的基础资料。

The effect of the causative algae of large-scale HAB in the East China Sea on egg hatching of Argopecten irradians, and population growth of Brachionus plicatilis and Moina mongolica

The impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Alexandrium catenella Balech, causative species of the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea, were studied under laboratory conditions. According to bloom densities, the effects of monoculture and mixture of the two species were examined on the egg-hatching success of Argopecten irradians Lamarck, and the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis Muller and Moina mongolica Daday. The results showed that monoculture of A. catenella had a significant inhibition on the egg hatching success of A. irradians, and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The median effective densities ( EDSo) inhibiting the egg hatching success of A. irradians for 24 h and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica for 96 h were 800, 630, and 2 400 cells/cm(3), respectively. Monoculture of P. donghaiense has no such inhibitory effect on the egg hatching success of A. irradians; P. donghaiense at lower suitable densities could sustain the population growth of B. plicatilis (1 x 10(4) similar to 3 x 10(4)cells/cm(3)) and M. mongolica (2 x 10(4) similar to 5 x 10(4) cells/cm(3)); P. doaghaiense at higher densities had significantly adverse effect on the population growth of B. plicatilis (4 x 10(4) similar to 10 x 10(4) cells/cm(3)) and M. mongolica (10 x 10(4) cells/cm(3)). When the two algae were mixed according to bloom densities, P. donghaiense at suitable densities to some extent could decrease the toxicity of A. catenella to B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The results indicated that the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea could have adverse effect on zooplankton, and might further influence the marine ecosystem, especially when there was also Alexandrium bloom.

唐古特大黄休眠芽诱导植株再生

1植物名称唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum),又名鸡爪大黄.2材料类别休眠芽.3培养条件分化培养基:以white、B5和190-2为基本培养基,附加6-BA 1.0～3.0 mg.L-1(单位下同)+NAA 0～0.2+肌醇200+CH 300.增殖培养基:MS+6-BA 3.0+NAA 0.1+肌醇200+CH 300.诱根培养基:MS+NAA 0.5+肌醇200+CH 300.上述培养基均附加3%蔗糖、0.5%琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度为(20±1)℃,光源为日光灯,光照度为2 000 lx,光照时间18 h?d-1.

山莨菪植物体内4种莨菪烷类生物碱含量的变化

为了对山莨菪植物资源进行可持续利用，采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术对山莨菪植物体内4种莨菪烷类生物碱同时进行了定量测定，将4种生物碱很好地分离开来，大大缩短了出峰时间；并对这4种生物碱含量随着物候的变化进行了分析研究。研究结果表明：4种生物碱含量与物候的关系呈抛物线变化，樟柳碱在山莨菪植物体内含量最高，地上部分4种生物碱均在花盛期含量最高，地下部分不同的生物碱含量最高点则对应不同的物候期。