988 resultados para 530
Resumo:
We have developed a low-temperature (LT) growth technique. Even with Ge fraction x upto 90%, the total thickness of fully relaxed GexSi1-x buffers can he reduced to 1.7 mu m with dislocation density lower than 5 x 10(6) cm(-2). The surface roughness is no more than 6 nm. The strain relaxation is quite inhomogeneous From the beginning. Stacking faults generate and form the mismatch dislocations in the interface of GeSi/LT-Si. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of silicon carbide (3C-SiC) thin films grown on silicon substrates were characterized using bulge testing combined with a refined load-deflection model for long rectangular membranes. Plane-strain modulus E-ps, prestress so, and fracture strength s(max) for 3C-SiC thin films with thickness of 0.40 mu m and 1.42 mu m were extracted. The E, values of SiC are strongly dependent on grain orientation. The thicker SIC film presents lower so than the thinner film due to stress relaxation. The s(max) values decrease with increasing film thickness. The statistical analysis of the fracture strength data were achieved by Weibull distribution function and the fracture origins were predicted.
Resumo:
Multicolored optical active planes have been fabricated with magnetron sputter method coupled with selective masking technique. The plane is multilayer structured with Ag nanoparticles and TiO2 thin layer as the building blocks. It was found that the formed multilayer can be readily wavelength multiplexed by simply overlapping several nano-Ag/TiO2 layered structures, each of which may have different surface plasmon resonance wavelength. Unlike high order multiple resonances of large particles each of the multiplexing wavelengths in such a system is separately tunable. Importantly, it reveals that modification of the TiO2 layer thickness generates a fine tuning of the resonance wavelength.
Resumo:
Multicolored optical active planes have been fabricated with magnetron sputter method coupled with selective masking technique. The plane is multilayer structured with Ag nanoparticles and TiO2 thin layer as the building blocks. It was found that the formed multilayer can be readily wavelength multiplexed by simply overlapping several nano-Ag/TiO2 layered structures, each of which may have different surface plasmon resonance wavelength. Unlike high order multiple resonances of large particles each of the multiplexing wavelengths in such a system is separately tunable. Importantly, it reveals that modification of the TiO2 layer thickness generates a fine tuning of the resonance wavelength.
Resumo:
In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of tunable parametric superfluorescence (PS) based on the second harmonic generation and parametric processes taking place in the same nonlinear crystal (BBO). The tunable spectra of PS has been generated between 480 nm and 530 nm, which is pumped by the second-harmonic from the high-power Ti: sapphire laser system at 1 kHz repetition rate. We present the generation mechanism of PS theoretically and simulate the process of PS ring using the amplification transfer function. The experiment and the theory show that PS will appear when the phase matching angle for second-harmonic generation is close to the optimal pump angle for optical parametric generation, and then the tunable spectra of PS are generated by slightly adjusting the crystal angle. The result provides a theoretical basis for controlling the generation of PS and quantum entanglement states, which is of great significance for the development of quantum imaging, quantum communications and other applieations.
Resumo:
我国半干旱地区天然草地退化面积占75%-95%[1],由于生态环境的脆弱和人类不合理的利用,加之受全球气候变化等因素的影响,半干旱地区出现不同程度的退化现象。分析了退化原因并提出了全面保护天然草地、合理放牧、合理割草、对退化某地的恢复、人工草地建设、草地改良、控制虫鼠危害、特色植物资源加工与利用、建立家庭牧场生产模式等九项防治及恢复措施。
Resumo:
Ce-基催化剂在汽车尾气净化,工业废气处理,烃类重整,烃类选择加氢等方面均有广泛的应用。近几十年来关于如何制备高活性、高稳定性的非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂一直是催化研究的重要课题之一。Ce-基催化剂主要都是通过其它金属氧化物M掺杂到CeO_2中形成Ce_(1-x)M_xO(M为掺杂物)固溶体。本文选用CeO_2作为主要研究对象,用柠檬酸法有目的的引入化学特性、离子半径不同的另一组分,用x值表示各元素间的化学计量比,优化催化剂的组成、结构,来调节所合成固溶体氧化物的物理化学性质。分别以碱土金属Ca、稀土金属La以及过渡金属Ni和Mn为掺杂物制备出含其它不同离子的Ce-基催化剂;将具有较高活性的Ni_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)O负载在ZrO_2上,以CH_4燃烧为模型反应,考察催化剂活性和氧化还原性的关系。1.Ce-Ca-La-O体系单独Ca或La分别加入到CeO_2中后催化剂的活性比单独的CeO_2的活性要高出很多,完全转化温度要下降近100℃,而且它们的H_2-TPR实验也证实了其氧化还原能力有很大的提高。将Ca和La同时引入到CeO_2的复合氧化物Ce-La-Ca-O材料,其活性比无La的Ce-Ca-O的活性没有明显的提高,而且反而要比Ce-La-O的活性低,且其HZ一TPR实验也显示出和复合氧化物Ce-Ca-O的轮廓一样。2.Ce-Ni-Mn-O体系对NiO、MnO_x、CeO_2三种金属氧化物,在优化两种金属氧化物最佳配比(组成)后,在复合氧化物中掺杂第三种金属氧化物以考察第三种金属对其甲烷燃烧活性的影响。(l)CeO_2-MnO_x体系中,在Ce_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O掺杂NiO后,发现当Ni的摩尔量为-10%时,活性提高幅度的很大,完全燃烧的温度下降了近50℃,可在550℃将CH_4完全氧化到CO_2。(2)CeO_2-NiO体系中,Ce_(0.3)Ni_(0.7)O可在530℃将CH_4完全氧化到CO_2。向其中掺杂Mn后,复合氧化物的活性反而下降,要在550oC才能将CH4完全氧化到C02。这可能是阴离子缺陷减少所致。(3)NIO一Mnox体系中,Nio,IMn090掺杂Ce后,催化活性有大幅度提高,特别是Nio.ICeyMno90(0.3三y生0.8)中催化剂的活性更高,可在530oC体系中,其中y=0.5时更突出。3.Ni-Ce-O/ZrOZ体系(1)Ni1-x一Cex一O体系中,独立的CeOZ相促进了NIO的还原和表面积增加。(2)少量的CeOZ的掺杂明显改善了NIO对cH4完全氧化反应的活性。继续增加Ce的量催化活性弱有增加,然后下降。在Ce的掺杂量为30%时,即Nio7Ceo3O,催化活性最佳,此时甲烷完全转化的温度为530oC。(3)催化剂Ni07Ceo3O具有很好的稳定性,900oC下焙烧,还能在540oC将CH4完全氧化到COZ。(4)催化剂Pd/Ni07Ceo30的催化活性与Pd/A12O3的活性相当。(5)催化剂Ni07Ce03O负载在不同的载体上,发现ZrOZ作载体效果最佳,其次为5102,这可能是ZrOZ、5102对NIO、CeOZ相对惰性有关;而MgO、A1203虽表面积较大,但作为载体效果却不好,可能其易与NIO、CeOZ发生反应有关。(6)Nio7Ceo3O负载在ZrOZ上,提高了表面积同时促进了Nio7Ceo3O还原性,以负载量为50%时活性最好。结构分析发现有两个新相生成,Ni4Zro和CeZO3。(7)通过对比发现Nio7Ceo3O(50%)/ZrOZ体系高活性除了ZrOZ作为载体提高表面积外,Zr02和Ce在这里还起到助催化剂的作用。4.还探讨了Pr掺杂到CeO2,以及YSZ作为载体负载过渡金属氧化物在甲烷催化燃烧反应种的作用。
Resumo:
较为详尽地研究了新型催化体系:Fe(naph)_2-AlR_3-卤化物(I)体系催化丁二烯聚合的基本规律。开发了一类新型配位体:卤化物-Lewis酸配位体。研究了不同的卤化物,不同的烷基铝,不同的催化剂配比以及聚合温度、聚合时间等诸因素对体系(I)催化丁二烯的活性,所得取合物的分子量以及微观结构的影响。研究了Fe(naph)_2-AlR_3-Phen(II)三组份系和Fe(naph)_2-AlR_3-Phen-卤化物(III)四组份体系催化丁二烯的聚合特性。发现体系(II)有着很高的催化活性。体系(III)则具有更高的催化活性。证实Lewis酸、碱配体相互组合后体系活性可以更高。卤化物除了能提高体系的催化活性以外,还能显著降低所得聚合物的分子量。考察了温度对(II),(III)两体系催化活性的影响。发现在较高温度下,二体系的活性中心都是不稳定的,但体系(III)对温度的敏感性较低,表明卤化物增加了活性中心的稳定性。此外,还考察了不同的加料方式对体系(III)催化活性的影响。发现加料方式的不同可以显著影响体系的催化活性。初步表征了Fe(naph)_2-Al(i-Bu)_3-Phen-AllylCl体系所得聚合物硫化胶的物理机械性能。发现即使在分子量稍大的情况F,由于其分子量分布较宽,仍具有优良的物理性能。此胶充油后,性能亦很优良。与同类型的FeCl_3-AlR_3-Phen-AllylCl~([1])体系相比,此体系还具有更高的催化活性,聚合物含有较低的反式-1,4含量。研究了不同催化体系催化剂的紫外一可见光谱。发现对于体系(II)在530毫微米处的吸收,对于体系(III)在510毫微米处的吸收能基本代表各自的活性中心特征吸收。测定了铁系催化剂的顺磁共振光谱。确定了不管起始所用的铁化合物是二价还是三价,当与Phen及卤化物或其他配体组合之后,其活性中心中铁的价态都是二价的。在此基础上,进而提出了铁体系催化丁二烯的聚合机理,并初步描述了体系活性中心的结构。
Resumo:
本文从3-硝基苯酐出发合成了3-位异构体的聚酰亚胺如:3,3'PTI-PoP,3,3'-PEI-PoP,3,3'-PSI-PoP。并利用本实验室已有的4-位异构体双酐,与3-位异构体双酐按不同比例混合分别与4,4'-二胺基二苯醚(简称PoP)共聚获得一系列共聚产物,此外还合成了尚未完见文献报导的3,4'-PTI-PoP,并对由不同异构体双酐获得的聚酰亚胺的性能进行了全面系统地研究与比较。考察了3-位异构体和4-位异构体所获得的聚酰胺酸溶液的稳定性,发现3-位异构体的聚酰胺酸比4-位异构体降解得快。用热分析法研究了聚酰亚胺的热稳定性,可以发现,PTI-PoP是具有最高的热稳定性。开始分解温度在530 ℃以上,属于最耐热聚合物的一种。PEI-PoP分解温度在500 PoP以上。PSI-PoP的热稳定性低于前二者。另一个现象是热稳定性与异构体无关,3-位和4-位异构体聚合物具有相当一致的稳定性。此外含有硫醚的聚酰亚胺的热稳定性高于含氧醚链的聚合物。PEI-PoP具有相当突击的韧性,且其韧性与异构体无明显关系,而PTI-PoP的韧性却决定于异构体的结构。4,4'-PTI-PoP具有较好的韧性,但3,3'-PTI-PoP就显得较脆,共聚物的韧性随4-位异构体组成的增加韧性增大。有趣的是3,4'-PTI-PoP具有较好的韧性。玻璃化转变温度系PSI-PoP最高,3,3'-PSI-PoP的T_g高于350 ℃,4,4'-PSI-PoP最低,3,3'-PEI-PoP的T-g高于4,4'-PEI-PoP。共聚物的T_g随4-位异构体含量的增加而降低。PEI-PoP耐光水学性能良好,PTI-PoP次之,其中4,4'-PEI-PoP优于3,3'-PEI-PoP;4,4'-PTI-PoP又好于3,3'-PTI-PoP。突出表现在4,4'-PEI-PoP和4,4'-PTI-PoP能够耐氯仿,而3,3'-PEI-PoP和3,3'-PTI-PoP氯仿则是它们的良溶剂。4,4'-PTI-PoP比3,3'-PTI-PoP耐碱。由不同异构体又酐所获得的聚酰亚胺的动态力学行为各异。3,3'-PTI-PoP和3,3'-PEI-PoP在到达玻璃化温度之前无明显的β-次转变峰,而4,4'-PTI-PoP和4,4'-PEI-PoP在50~200 ℃范围内有一个很宽的次转变峰。共聚物的次转变峰面积随异构体组成的不同而规律地变化,4-位异构体含量增加,面积增大。另外随温度升高,在T_g之前,贮能模量下降百分率也有规律可循,3,3'-PEI-PoP和3,3'-PTI-PoP分别比4,4'-PEI-PoP和4,4'-PTI-PoP下降幅度小。共聚物中,随4-位异构体含量的增加,模量下降百分率增大。3,4'-PTI-PoP的动态力学谱类似PTI-PoP共聚物,出现β-次转变峰,而其T_g高于4,4'-PTI-PoP低于3,3'-PTI-PoP.
Resumo:
A low resistance and shallow ohmic contact to n-GaAs is performed by using Ge/Pd/GaAs trilayer structure and rapid thermal annealing process. The dependence of specific contact resistivity on the temperature of rapid thermal annealing is investigated. A good ohmic contact is formed after annealing at 400-500 degrees C for 60 s. The best specific contact resistivity is 1.4 x 10(-6) Omega cm(2). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to analyze the interfacial microstructure. A strong correlation between the contact resistance and the film microstructure is observed.