period基因的Thr-Gly区段在果蝇和部分双翅目昆虫中的分子进化特征

以亲缘关系极近的近缘种类群、中等距离的远缘种类群为对象，分析生物钟基因period基因的Thr-Gly区段的分子进化特征，发现Thr-Gly区段在果蝇和部分双翅目昆虫中未曾经历性选择和其他定向的正选择。Thr-Gly区段在果蝇nasuta亚群中的分子进化速率为10.4*10~-9同义替换/位点/年。

云南保山猪线粒体DNA D loop区序列初步分析

为了解云南保山猪(Baoshan pig)的遗传多样性及其遗传背景，我们测定了19个个体线粒体DNA Dloop高变区1 1 5 363 - 1 5 801片段序列438帅。检测到1。种单倍型，包括8个多态位点，其中5次T/ C转换、1次G/ A转换、1次G/ C颠换和1次A/ T颠换，其A.T.GX碱基的平均含量分别为35.4%.26.9%.13.2%和24.5 %,A+ T含量(62 .3)明显高于G+ C含量(37 .7 %)。对于保山猪的保种及其持续利用有着重要的理论指导意义。

Isolation and culture in artificial media of Lagenidium from Penaeus monodon larvae

Fungal infection of P. monodon larvae is a problem in hatchery operations. The fungus, which attacks the nauplius to postlarval stages and causes up to 100% mortality, has been tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Lagenidium . This pathogenic organism has recently been isolated and cultured. A description is given of the fungus, and features of its biology and pathology are discussed.

银额果蝇自然群体中的mtDNA多态性

采用mtDNA RFLP技术, 探讨了银额果蝇自然群体中的mtDNA多态性及其与银额果蝇起源、扩 散的关系。图4表3参9(梁嘉)

The zonation of soft-bottom sediments in Gorgan Bay (Caspian Sea) using macrobenthos as indicator of ecological health

In this study, in order to assess the ecological health status and zoning of soft bottom of Gorgan Bay, the spatial and temporal distribution of macrofauna and their relationship with environmental stress were investigated. Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab at 22 sampling points, seasonally during 2012-2013. The averages (±SD) of the percentages of sand, silt, clay and TOM (Total Organic Matter) in the sediment samples were determined (44.4± 15, 53.4 ± 14, and 2.2 ±2.2 and 7.2% ± 1.6, respectively). Our results showed that mean (range) of Al, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were 1.2 % (0.4-2.1), 4.8 (2.5- 10.3) ppm, 10.5 (4.4-16.9) ppm, 1 (0.4 – 1.6) % , 13.6 (6.2-21.5) ppm, 9.1 (4.7-12.9) ppm and 23.9 (3.1-39.4) ppm, respectively. In spring, both Al and Ni were higher than the guideline level. In the event that arsenic was exceeds the guidelines in summer. In this study, 14 species of macrofauna from 12 families were identified. Polychaeta with 3 species was the most dominant group in terms of abundance. The four most abundant taxa making up 85% of all specimens (Streblospio gynobranchiata, Tubificidae, Hediste versicolor and Abra segmentum). The western area were characterized by the higher species diversity (H', 1.94). So Gorgan Bay presents transitional macrobenthic assemblages that are spatially distributed along substrate gradients .The mean of Shannon index, BENTIX, BO2A, AMBI and M-AMBI in the bay was 1.3, 2.2, 0.4, 3.2 and 0.65 respectively. According to the results of these indices, ecological status of the western part of the bay assessed better than the other parts. According to the results of the nmMDS (non-metric Multidimensional Scaling), PCA (Principal Components Analysis), the map of distribution of heavy metals and the map of the ecological status , it seems Gorgan Bay is divided into two separate zones (the eastern and the western parts).M-AMBI finaly introduced reliable index for assessing the ecological status of the Bay.

Nutrient salts in the United Arab Emirates waters (the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman)

This paper deals with the levels and distributions of nutrient salts in the United Arab Emirates waters. Water samples were collected bimonthly during 1994-1995 from the marine environment of the United Arab Emirates, which extends more than 800km along the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, as well as total concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon in the area were scattered in the ranges: (ND-6.32; mean: 0.84 µg-at N/l), ND-3.02; mean: 0.42 µg-at N/l), (ND-10.88; mean: 1.18 µg-at N/1), (ND-4.22; mean: 0.62 µg-at P/l), (1.14-28.80; mean: 6.52 µg-at Si/l), (1.52-39.58; mean: 12.28 µg-at N/l), (0.40-4.98; mean: 1.07 µg-at P/l), and (2.77-44.74; mean: 13.02 Si/l) respectively. Of inorganic nitrogen species, ammonium was the highest in the Arabian Gulf waters and nitrate was the highest at the Gulf of Oman. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen total species, phosphate and silicate amounted to 16.4, 47.6, 56.5% respectively, of the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in the Arabian Gulf and 22.6, 64.4, 44.9% respectively, in the Gulf of Oman, indicating that more than 80% of nitrogen was present in organic forms. Distributions of nutrient in the two regions were higher in the summer season and lower in the winter season due to the oxidation of organic materials. Regional distributions revealed higher values for nitrite (1.3 times), nitrate (2.8 times), phosphate (2.2 times), total dissolved nitrogen (1.3 times), total dissolved phosphorus (1.6 times), and total dissolved silicon (1.3 times) in the Gulf of Oman compared to the Arabian Gulf, indicating more oligotrophic conditions at the Arabian Gulf Whereas no distinct patterns of distribution were observed in the Arabian Gulf waters, an increase in the seaward direction was measured at the Gulf of Oman. Vertical distributions indicated a general increase with depth in the two regions. The mean ratios for total concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon in the Arabian Gulf (1: 11.6: 12.6) and the Gulf of Oman (1: 10.1: 11.8) were lower than the Redfield ratio.

藏獒血液蛋白遗传多样性的研究

采用不连续垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对河曲藏獒、青海藏獒、青海藏狮犬和青海土种犬共4个群体103只犬的9个血液蛋白基因座(Tf、Po、Es-1、Es-2、Sα_2:、Hb、Alb、Pr、Amy)的多态性进行了检测,分析了两个藏獒群体的群体内和群体间的遗传变异,并以Nei氏标准遗传距离(D)为基础用UPGMA法探讨了不同犬群之间的遗传关系.结果表明,在4个被测犬群中,Tf、Po、Es-1、Es-2和Sα_2 5个基因座上存在多态性,其中Tf、Es-1和Po分别由3个等住基因所控制,Es-2和Sα_2,分别由2个等位基因所控制,而Hb、Alb、Pr和Amy基因座均呈现单态;河曲藏獒群体内遗传变异较青海藏獒丰富,而两个藏獒群体间的遗传分化程度很低(G_(ST)=0.0187);以Nei氏标准遗传距离(D)为基础的UPGMA法聚类结果表明.青海藏獒与青海藏狮犬和青海土种犬的遗传关系近于河曲藏獒.

Effect of antibiotics on development in vitro of hamster pronucleate ova

Antibiotics are commonly added to embryo culture media, but effects on embryo development have not been examined thoroughly. Hamster ova were used to investigate whether penicillin, streptomycin or gentamicin affect embryo development in vitro. Ova were collected 10 h post activation by spermatozoa in vivo and cultured in five treatments: 1) Control: chemically-defined medium HECM-9 with no antibiotics; 2) HECM-9 with 100 IU/mL, penicillin; 3) HECM-9 with 50 mug/mL streptomycin; 4) HECM-9 with 10 mug/mL,gentamicin and 5) HECM-9 with both 100 IU/mL penicillin and 50 mug/mL streptomycin. Individually, penicillin, streptomycin and gentamicin did not affect embryo development to the 8-cell stage at 58 h post oocyte activation, or morula/blastocyst stages, or blastocysts alone at 82 h post activation. However, when penicillin and streptomycin were both present in the culture medium the percentages of 8-cell embryos at 58 h and blastocysts at 82 h were significantly lower than the control. No antibiotic treatment improved hamster embryo development in vitro. We caution against the use of penicillin and streptomycin together for hamster embryo culture, and show that it is not necessary to include any antibiotics in embryo culture media for up to 72 h if proper sterile technique is used with an oil overlay. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc.

广西云南鳅属鱼类一新种记述

2003年5月,在广西壮族自治区都安县高岭乡红水河水系采集到一批条鳅标本.经鉴定,为云南鳅属(Yunnanilius)一未经发表的新种.新种长须云南鳅(Yunnanilus longibarbatus sp. nov.) 属于黑斑云南鳅种组(Yunnanilus nigromaculatus group),并与黑斑云南鳅[Y.nigromaculatus (Regan)]、钝吻云南鳅(Y.obtusirostris Yang)、长背云南鳅(Y.longidorsalis Li, Tao et Lu)和巴江云南鳅(Y.bajingensis Li)等4种最为相似.长背云南鳅背鳍分枝鳍条11根,颌须短,仅达眼中部,背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近,可与包括本种在内的其余4种相区别(背鳍分枝鳍条8-9根,颌须达到或超过眼后缘,背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为远).本种和钝吻云南鳅上颌中央无齿状突、下颌中央无缺刻,可与黑斑云南鳅和巴江云南鳅相区别.本种在鳍条数、上下颌、背鳍起点的位置、尾鳍形状、鳞片、头部侧线管孔、体侧纵纹等方面与钝吻云南鳅最为相似,但本种可藉多个特征与后者相区别:颌须伸过眼后缘至鳃盖后缘的中点至鳃盖后缘,是已知云南鳅中须最长的;背鳍不分枝鳍条下1/3处具一不显著黑色斑点 (vs. 无斑);体侧纵纹,其宽窄于眼径,较大个体背鳍之前的纵纹被虫状纹取代 (vs. 体侧纵纹始终存在,其宽约等于眼径);头背具斑点 (vs. 无斑);尾柄较细长,体长/尾柄长=5.3-6.1 (vs. 7.4-9.0,尾柄长/尾柄高=1.3-1.8 vs. 0.8-1.1).

广西华缨鱼属鱼类一新种记述

在整理华缨鱼属标本时发现，1993年9月在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到的一批 标本为一个未经发表的新种，新种订名为大眼华缨鱼(＆加c瑚soc^eiz獬胧gnzDp^f^8h邯)。其下咽齿2行，可与 下咽齿3行的7种华缨鱼相区别，而与属内同样具2行下咽齿的贵州华缨鱼(s．肛妇b淝瑚括)、小口华缨鱼 (Js．m幻M幻，抛￡琳)和宽唇华缨鱼(5．z06缸t琳)亲缘关系较近。但：(1)新种胸鳍中点上方无黑斑，背鳍分枝 鳍条7，腹鳍分枝鳍条7，背鳍前鳞15—16，眼大，头长为眼径2．5—3．1倍，眼径为头宽44．7％一57．8％，吻 须后伸至前后鼻孔之间或眼前缘，口角须后伸至眼前缘至眼中之问或眼中至眼后缘之间，体长为尾柄高8．9一 lO．7倍，头长为吻长2．5—3．7倍，可与贵州华缨鱼(胸鳍中点上方有一明显黑斑，背鳍分枝鳍条8，腹鳍分枝 鳍条8，背鳍前鳞12—14，头长为眼径4．O一5．0倍，眼径为头宽16．6％一20．7％，吻须后伸不达后鼻孔后缘， 口角须后伸至眼前缘，体长为尾柄高7．2—8．2倍，头长为吻长1．9—2．2倍)相区别；(2)新种背鳍前鳞15— 16，侧线鳞39～40，侧线上鳞4．5—5．5，背鳍分枝鳍条7，鳃耙13，腹鳍末端伸达肛门，眼径为头宽44．7％一 57．8％，可与宽唇华缨鱼(背鳍前鳞22，侧线鳞42—45，侧线上鳞6．5，背鳍分枝鳍条8，鳃耙10，腹鳍末端 不达肛门，眼径为头宽23．3％一30．O％)相区别；(3)新种与同水系的小口华缨鱼在鳍条数、侧线鳞、体色、 斑纹等方面最为相似，但新种围尾柄鳞14／16，眼大，头长为眼径2．5—3．1倍，腹鳍末端伸达肛门，口角须后 伸至眼前缘至眼中之间或眼中至眼后缘之间，吻皮边缘深裂成小穗，背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近，背鳍长 大于头长，体长为尾柄长4．8—5．9倍，头长为吻长2．5—3．7倍，尾柄长为尾柄高1．6—2．1倍，可与之(围尾 柄鳞12，眼小，头为眼径4．4—4．6倍，腹鳍末端不达肛门，口角须伸达眼下方，吻皮边缘不开裂或开裂不明 显，背鳍起点距吻端等于距尾鳍基，背鳍条约等于头长，体长为尾柄长6．1—6．4倍，头长为吻长2，1—2．4倍， 尾柄长为尾柄高1．4—1．5倍)相区别。

Taxonomía y distribución de los poliquetos pelágicos del Atlántico Sudoccidental

This work is based on the analysis of 420 planktonic samples of 7 oceanopraphic cruises distributed over the Argentine, Uruguayan and South brasilian continental shelf (SW Atlantic ocean), as well as from some oceanic sectors, adjacent to the continental slope. Vertical hauls were performed in all stations from 100 m depth to surface, except in the Walter Herwig cruise (where vertical hauls were predominantly performed out of slope sectors, between 300 and 500 m depth to surface) and Productividad cruise in which only surface waters were hauled. A list of 27 species are determined, corresponding to 5 families: Iospilidae (3 species), Lopadorrhynchidae (4), Alciopidae (9), Typhloscolecidae (5) and Tomopteridae (6). Larvae and epitokous forms of benthonic species are not taken into account. The genus Iospilus is revised, Pariospilus and Iospilopsis being considered their synonyms; the identity of Pariospilus affinis Viguier is maintained, being transferred to the genus Iospilus. The species Vanadis studeri Apstein is redescribed and its synonymy is established. The taxonomic value of the apical glands of Tomopteris species is discussed and some specimens are found to coincide with T. kefersteini in relation to the mentioned glands. All the species found in this work are described and illustrated, a systematic key being added for their identification. Considering the vertical nature of the hauls, it was not possible to specify the habitats of the different species; for this reason they are grouped as species from subtropical and subantartic areas of influence. The first group, made up of 17 species, shows and evident graduation in its latitudinal distribution, some of them being more restricted in their distribution than the others. The second group, of 4 species, is found south to the tropical convergence, in transitional waters, towards cold sectors. The third group, of 6 species, is found to be distributed all along the continental shelf, in subtropical and subantartic regions, and extending their distribution northwards, possibly related to deep water levels. The general scheme is coincident with the distribution of other planktonic groups (Copepods, Euphausiids). As a general feature, neither coastal nor shelf water specimens of pelagic Polychaeta were found, with exception of T. septentrionalis. A comparison with the results in Tebble's paper (1960) in the southwest Atlantic ocean is made, 12 of our species being coincidently found in the same hydrological area by that author. The drift of the main water masses of the South Atlantic ocean is accepted as a possible cause for the distribution of the pelagic Polychaeta of the southwest Atlantic regions.