991 resultados para 33-KDA CHITINASE
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It has been shown that cytokines can act as molecular adjuvant to enhance the immune response induced by DNA vaccines, but it is unknown whether interleukin 33 (IL-33) can enhance the immunocontraceptive effect induced by DNA vaccines. In the present study, we explored the effects of murine IL-33 on infertility induced by Lagurus lagurus zona pellucida 3 (Lzp3) contraceptive DNA vaccine administered by the mucosal route. Plasmid pcD-Lzp3 and plasmid pcD-mIL-33 were encapsulated with chitosan to generate the nanoparticle chi-(pcD-Lzp3+pcD-mIL-33) as the DNA vaccine. Sixty female ICR mice, divided into 5 groups (n=12/group), were intranasally immunized on days 0, 14, 28, and 42. After intranasal immunization, the anti-LZP3-specific IgG in serum and IgA in vaginal secretions and feces were determined by ELISA. The results showed that chi-(pcD-Lzp3+pcD-mIL-33) co-immunization induced the highest levels of serum IgG, secreted mucosal IgA, and T cell proliferation. Importantly, mice co-immunized with chi-(pcD-Lzp3+pcD-mIL-33) had the lowest birth rate and mean litter size, which correlated with high levels of antibodies. Ovaries from infertile female mice co-immunized with chi-(pcD-Lzp3+pcD-mIL-33) showed abnormal development of ovarian follicles, indicated by atretic follicles and loss of oocytes. Our results demonstrated that intranasal delivery of the molecular adjuvant mIL-33 with chi-pcD-Lzp3significantly increased infertility by enhancing both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Therefore, chi-(pcD-Lzp3+pcD-mIL-33) co-immunization could be a strategy for controlling the population of wild animal pests.
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Invokaatio: I. N. J.
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Soitinnus: viulu, piano.
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O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) é um fruto típico da região Norte do Brasil, com grande potencial econômico. Atualmente, é a polpa que mobiliza e sustenta a produção, a industrialização e a comercialização deste fruto. A semente, um subproduto da industrialização da polpa, apresenta teor considerável de proteínas. Entretanto, muito pouco ou nada se conhece acerca de seu perfil eletroforético, de aminoácidos e de principais frações, uma vez que ocorrem alterações protéicas devidas aos processos de fermentação e torração. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em caracterizar as alterações da proteína da semente, da amêndoa fermentada e da amêndoa torrada de cupuaçu, mediante a análise dos perfis eletroforéticos, dos aminogramas característicos e do fracionamento da proteína em diferentes solubilidades. A fermentação e a torração provocaram uma ligeira redução nos teores de proteína total e aminoácidos totais, quando comparados aos teores das sementes não submetidas a essas etapas do processamento. Observou-se, para a semente e a amêndoa fermentada, a presença de quatro bandas protéicas principais de 20,4, 33,6 e 38,7 kDa. Para as amêndoas que foram submetidas ao processo de fermentação e, em seguida, à torração, observou-se a presença de uma única banda protéica forte, com peso molecular aparente de 21,0 kDa. As extrações para fracionamento das proteínas em diferentes solubilidades não resultaram em frações protéicas puras. Observou-se a presença de quatro bandas principais em todas as frações protéicas isoladas, sendo a banda de peso molecular próximo a 21,1 kDa a mais abundante em todos os casos. Esta banda é aparentemente muito semelhante à fração albumina do cacau, que apresenta peso molecular aparente de 21,3 kDa.
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During enzymatic process of cheese manufacturing, rennin cleaves κ-casein releasing two fractions: para-κ-casein and glycomacropeptide (GMP), which remains soluble in milk whey. GMP is a peptide with structural particularities such as chain carbohydrates linked to specific threonine residues, to which a great variety of biological activities is attributed. Worldwide cheese production has increased generating high volumes of milk whey that could be efficiently used as an alternative source of high quality peptide or protein in foodstuff formulations. In order to evaluate isolation and recovery on whey GMP by means of thermal treatment (90 °C), 18 samples (2 L each) of sweet whey, resuspended commercial whey (positive control) and acid whey (negative control) were processed. Indirect presence of GMP was verified using chemical tests and PAGE-SDS 15%. At 90 °C treated sweet whey, 14, 20 and 41 kDa bands were observed. These bands may correspond to olygomers of GMP. Peptide recovery showed an average of 1.5 g/L (34.08%). The results indicate that industrial scale GMP production is feasible; however, further research must be carried out for the biological and nutritional evaluation of GMP's incorporation to foodstuff as a supplement.
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There are several obstacles to the use of chymosin in cheese production. Consequently, plant proteases have been studied as possible rennet substitutes, but most of these enzymes are unsuitable for the manufacture of cheese. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of latex from Sideroxylon obtusifolium as a source of milk-clotting proteases and to partially characterize the enzyme. The enzyme extract showed high protease and coagulant activities, with an optimal pH of 8.0 and temperature of 55 °C. The enzyme was stable in wide ranges of temperature and pH. Its activity was not affected by any metal ions tested; but was inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and pepstatin. For the coagulant activity, the optimal concentration of CaCl2 was 10 µmol L- 1. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed four bands, with molecular weights between 17 and 64 kDa. These results indicate that the enzyme can be applied to the cheese industry.
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Ultrafiltration (UF) inhibits the enzymatic activity which is responsible for color changes of coconut water without the need for heat treatment. In the present study, UF performance in terms of the permeate flux and enzymatic retention of the coconut water was evaluated at laboratory unit (LU) and pilot unit (PU). The membranes studied were polyethersulfone 150 kDa (UP150), polyvinylidene fluoride 150 kDa (UV150) and cellulose 30 kDa (UC030). The UP150 membrane showed the best permeate flux. The UC030 membrane showed the lowest flux, but it resulted in 100% enzymatic retention, while the other membranes showed enzymatic retentions between 71 and 85%. The application of the UC030 in the pilot unit (PU) resulted in a flux value higher than that obtained in the LU due to the tangential velocity effect. The UC030 membrane has proved adequate for industrial applications.
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Contient : 1° « Decades de TITUS LIVIUS », traduction de « PIERRE BERCEUR » ; 2° Immédiatement après la première décade : « Le Livre de la première guerre punique, que fist et compilla un notable clere d'Ytallie, nommé maistre LEONARD DE ARETIO (L'ARETIN), en l'an mil.CCCCXLV. ou environ » ; traduction de « JEHAN LEVESQUE »
