940 resultados para 2G three-axis super-conducting rock magnetometer


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Austenitic stainless steel presents phase changes caused by heat treatment and welding processes. Because it represents a problem in the design of high-homogeneity magnets, we have been studying the magnetic properties of Ti alloys for their use instead of stainless steel as structural material for superconducting magnet construction. In this work, we present the comparative study of the influence of magnetic properties of steel and Ti alloys on the magnetic-field homogeneity of a superconducting coil through numerical calculation using the measured magnetic properties. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

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Em geral, espécies próximas filogeneticamente usam recursos similares e podem ser potenciais competidores. No entanto, elas podem divergir em um dos três eixos que norteiam o seu nicho, temporal, espacial e trófico. Essas diferenças podem ser determinantes para a coexistência de populações. Pressupondo que as populações de Arthrosaura interagem, e pode ocorrer sobreposição de nicho, quais estratégias elas adotaram para minimizar a competição permitindo a convivência de ambas? O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o nicho espacial, temporal e trófico de Arthrosaura kockii e A. reticulata na Amazônia oriental (01°42'30"S, 51°31'45" W), localizada nos municípios de Melgaço e Portel, Pará, Brasil, onde foram realizadas três expedições. Os animais foram coletados através do método de Procura Ativa, iniciando as 06h e finalizando às 18h. Foram analisados 107 A. kockii e 115 A. reticulata, desses, 107 e 113 respectivamente, apresentaram itens alimentares. Foram contabilizados 26 itens, destes 25 itens foram consumidos por A. reticulata e 14 foram consumidos por A. kockii. A espécie A. reticulata apresentou uma maior amplitude trófica nos meses chuvosos e na maior parte do período seco, enquanto que A. kockii apresentou uma maior amplitude no início do período seco. Os itens mais importantes (IA%), para A. reticulata foram Araneae=0,64, Blattaria=0,17, Orthoptera-Gryllidae=0,09 e Homoptera=0,05, já para A. kockii foram Araneae=0,66, Blattaria=0,19, Orthoptera-Gryllidae=0,04 e Isoptera=0,04. Arthrosaura reticulata apresentou um maior período de atividade, iniciando as 07h: 50min e terminando às 17h: 00min, concentrando o seu pico de atividade no intervalo das 09h às 14h: 30min, esta espécie foi considerada não heliotémica. A. kockii, teve um menor período de atividade, iniciado as 08h:40min e finalizando as 15:h25min, seu pico de atividade ficou concentrado no intervalo das 10h as 14h:30min, esta espécie foi considerada heliotémica. A altura de serapilheira e a distância do corpo d’água foram significativas na distribuição das espécies, A. reticulata foi encontrado em serapilheira com alturas que variaram de 2,5 cm até 13 cm, já A. kockii ocorreu em intervalos de 1,5 cm até 10 cm,. A. reticulata ocorreu em diversos ambientes da floresta, sendo encontrado dentro de corpos d’água até a terra firme, por isso ocorreu em alturas de serapilheira maiores do que A. kockii que ficou limitado à terra firme. Duas espécies mostraram distinções no nicho espacial, temporal e trófico, que provavelmente está permitindo a coexistência das duas populações.

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O depósito Ouro Roxo localiza-se próximo da cidade de Jacareacanga, Província Aurífera Tapajós, sudoeste do Pará. O depósito consiste em um sistema hidrotermal de veios de quartzo sulfetados, hospedado em granitoides paleoproterozoicos milonitizados da Suíte Intrusiva Tropas e controlado estruturalmente pela zona de cisalhamento N-S Ouro Roxo-Canta Galo (ZCOC). Os granitoides hospedeiros são granodioritos e tonalitos oxidados, calcioalcalinos, típicos de arco magmático. A ZCOC é oblíqua sinistral dúctil-rúptil e enquadra-se no terceiro evento de deformação da Província Tapajós que transformou os granitoides Tropas em protomilonitos e milonitos intercalados com brechas. A foliação milonítica NNE mergulhando para ESSE e uma lineação de estiramento em grãos de quartzo indicam a direção do movimento para NW. Filões e corpos tubulares de quartzo mineralizados ocorrem encaixados nos milonitos e brechas, envolvidos por halos de alteração hidrotermal. Além da silicificação e sulfetação concentradas nos corpos mineralizados, três tipos de alteração hidrotermal ocorrem: propilitização (clorita + fengita + carbonato); alteração fílica (fengita + quartzo + carbonato + pirita); carbonatação. Além do quartzo magmático e do quartzo microcristalino dos milonitos, foram reconhecidas cinco gerações de quartzo hidrotermal nos filões, estando o minério relacionado ao quartzo4. Os dados isotópicos Pb-Pb não sustentam uma relação genética entre o depósito aurífero e os granitoides Tropas, sendo o depósito contemporâneo à granitogênese Maloquinha. O ambiente orogênico, o estilo filoneano do depósito, o controle estrutural, a alteração hidrotermal (propilítica + fílica + carbonatação) e a associação metálica (Au + Cu + Bi) são compatíveis com o modelo orogênico da interface mesozona-epizona para a gênese do depósito aurífero Ouro Roxo.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The biomagnetic techniques use different magnetic field detectors to measure parameters of the human physiology. Those techniques present the advantage of being noninvasive and radiation free. Among them we can show up the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), the Current Alternate Biosusceptometry (ACB) and, more recently, the employment of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors. Those magnetic sensors have a low cost and good sensitivity to measure different physiological parameters using magnetic markers. The biomagnetic techniques have being used successfully through study on the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research, the magnetoresistors were used to evaluate the transit time and localization of magnetic sources in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this work is the characterization, with in vitro tests, of a biomagnetic instrumentation using two 3-axis magnetoresistors arranged in a gradiometric coplanar setup to evaluate esophageal transit time, analyze and compare the results of experimental signals and the magnetic theory, as well as evaluate the instrumentation gain with use of tri-axial sensor front to the mono-axial sensor. The instrumentation is composed by two three-axis sensing magnetometers, precision power supply and amplifier electronic circuits. The sensors fixed in a coplanar setup were separate by distance of 18 cm. The sensitivity tests had been carried through using a cylindrical magnet (ø = 4 mm and h = 4 mm) of neodymium-iron-boron (grid 35). The tests were done moving the permanent magnet on the sensors parallel axis, simulating the food transit in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Ground-based Earth troposphere calibration systems play an important role in planetary exploration, especially to carry out radio science experiments aimed at the estimation of planetary gravity fields. In these experiments, the main observable is the spacecraft (S/C) range rate, measured from the Doppler shift of an electromagnetic wave transmitted from ground, received by the spacecraft and coherently retransmitted back to ground. If the solar corona and interplanetary plasma noise is already removed from Doppler data, the Earth troposphere remains one of the main error sources in tracking observables. Current Earth media calibration systems at NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) stations are based upon a combination of weather data and multidirectional, dual frequency GPS measurements acquired at each station complex. In order to support Cassini’s cruise radio science experiments, a new generation of media calibration systems were developed, driven by the need to achieve the goal of an end-to-end Allan deviation of the radio link in the order of 3×〖10〗^(-15) at 1000 s integration time. The future ESA’s Bepi Colombo mission to Mercury carries scientific instrumentation for radio science experiments (a Ka-band transponder and a three-axis accelerometer) which, in combination with the S/C telecommunication system (a X/X/Ka transponder) will provide the most advanced tracking system ever flown on an interplanetary probe. Current error budget for MORE (Mercury Orbiter Radioscience Experiment) allows the residual uncalibrated troposphere to contribute with a value of 8×〖10〗^(-15) to the two-way Allan deviation at 1000 s integration time. The current standard ESA/ESTRACK calibration system is based on a combination of surface meteorological measurements and mathematical algorithms, capable to reconstruct the Earth troposphere path delay, leaving an uncalibrated component of about 1-2% of the total delay. In order to satisfy the stringent MORE requirements, the short time-scale variations of the Earth troposphere water vapor content must be calibrated at ESA deep space antennas (DSA) with more precise and stable instruments (microwave radiometers). In parallel to this high performance instruments, ESA ground stations should be upgraded to media calibration systems at least capable to calibrate both troposphere path delay components (dry and wet) at sub-centimetre level, in order to reduce S/C navigation uncertainties. The natural choice is to provide a continuous troposphere calibration by processing GNSS data acquired at each complex by dual frequency receivers already installed for station location purposes. The work presented here outlines the troposphere calibration technique to support both Deep Space probe navigation and radio science experiments. After an introduction to deep space tracking techniques, observables and error sources, in Chapter 2 the troposphere path delay is widely investigated, reporting the estimation techniques and the state of the art of the ESA and NASA troposphere calibrations. Chapter 3 deals with an analysis of the status and the performances of the NASA Advanced Media Calibration (AMC) system referred to the Cassini data analysis. Chapter 4 describes the current release of a developed GNSS software (S/W) to estimate the troposphere calibration to be used for ESA S/C navigation purposes. During the development phase of the S/W a test campaign has been undertaken in order to evaluate the S/W performances. A description of the campaign and the main results are reported in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 presents a preliminary analysis of microwave radiometers to be used to support radio science experiments. The analysis has been carried out considering radiometric measurements of the ESA/ESTEC instruments installed in Cabauw (NL) and compared with the requirements of MORE. Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes the results obtained and defines some key technical aspects to be evaluated and taken into account for the development phase of future instrumentation.

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The radio communication system is one of the most critical system of the overall satellite platform: it often represents the only way of communication, between a spacecraft and the Ground Segment or among a constellation of satellites. This thesis focuses on specific innovative architectures for on-board and on-ground radio systems. In particular, this work is an integral part of a space program started in 2004 at the University of Bologna, Forlì campus, which led to the completion of the microsatellite ALMASat-1, successfully launched on-board the VEGA maiden flight. The success of this program led to the development of a second microsatellite, named ALMASat-EO, a three-axis stabilized microsatellite able to capture images of the Earth surface. Therefore, the first objective of this study was focused on the investigation of an innovative, efficient and low cost architecture for on-board radio communication systems. The TT&C system and the high data rate transmitter for images downlink design and realization are thoroughly described in this work, together with the development of the embedded hardware and the adopted antenna systems. Moreover, considering the increasing interest in the development of constellations of microsatellite, in particular those flying in close formations, a careful analysis has been carried out for the development of innovative communication protocols for inter-satellite links. Furthermore, in order to investigate the system aspects of space communications, a study has been carried out at ESOC having as objective the design, implementation and test of two experimental devices for the enhancement of the ESA GS. Thus, a significant portion of this thesis is dedicated to the description of the results of a method for improving the phase stability of GS radio frequency equipments by means of real-time phase compensation and a new way to perform two antennas arraying tracking using already existing ESA tracking stations facilities.