苜蓿化感作用研究

苜蓿为多年生豆科牧草。具有一次种植、常年收获、产草量高、营养丰富、适口性好等突出特点，并且具有生物固氮、培肥地力、改良土壤结构、防止水土流失等多重生态功能。但是首楷在生产过程中，存在一些缺陷，首蓓含有水溶性的毒性物质，不仅对自身产生毒害（自毒），也对其他作物和杂草具有化感作用（异毒），这对首楷和其他作物的轮作、间作、套作和田间杂草具有重要影响。本研究运用柱层析对首蓓根部皂贰进行了初步分离，比较了不同生长年限的首楷根际土壤的化感潜力，运用生物测定方法评估了首稽叶片的水浸提液对农田常见的几种杂草的抑制效果。结果表明，皂贰是首楷体内主要的化感物质，这些化感物质能够强烈影响作物和杂草的萌发和生长，皂贰浓度越大，抑制程度越强。生物测定表明，首楷叶水浸提液能够抑制田间常见的5种杂草（黎、反枝觅、简麻、马唐和狗尾草）种子萌发，对杂草的抑制程度依赖于浸提液浓度，浸提温度和时间以及杂草种类。其中浸提液浓度为0.45g·ml~(-1)，浸提时间不小于24h以及浸提温度50℃为抑草的最佳组合。这对田间管理杂草具有一定的指导意义。同时，对化感物质的反应，根长比苗高更灵敏。

鲜甘薯快速乙醇发酵条件的初步研究

本文对不同菌种（酵母菌和运动发酵单胞菌）快速生产燃料乙醇的条件进行了研究，实现了鲜甘薯快速转化为燃料乙醇。全文分为两部分： 第一部分：酵母菌快速生产燃料乙醇的条件研究。通过单因素试验，酵母菌快速生产燃料乙醇的条件为：发酵方式采用边糖化边发酵（SSF），蒸煮温度为85 ℃，料水比2:1（初始糖浓度 210 g/kg），糖化酶用量0.75 AGU/g 鲜甘薯，接种量10%（v/w）。在最优条件下，经过24 h发酵，乙醇浓度可达97.44 g/kg, 发酵效率为92%，发酵强度为4.06 g/kg/h。由于采用了低温蒸煮和SSF，可以大大节约能耗，从而降低乙醇生产的成本。同时，利用摇瓶优化的条件，进行了10 L，100 L，500 L发酵罐的放大试验，由于发酵罐初期可以人为通氧，使菌体能迅速积累，发酵时间缩短2 h，发酵效率在90%以上。 第二部分：运动发酵单胞菌快速生产燃料乙醇条件研究。通过单因素试验和正交试验获得了发酵的最佳参数：初始pH值6.0-7.0，硫酸铵5.0 g/kg，糖化酶量1.6 AUG/kg淀粉，初始糖浓度200 g/kg，接种量12.5%（v/w）。经过21 h发酵，乙醇浓度为95.15 g/kg，发酵效率可达94%。同时对不灭菌发酵也进行了研究，发酵效率可达92%。为鲜甘薯运动发酵单胞菌燃料乙醇的工业化生产打下基础。 对发酵结束后的残糖进行了研究。通过薄层层析和葡萄氧化酶测定证明：无论是酵母菌还是运动发酵单胞菌发酵结束后的发酵液中都不含葡萄糖。经过HPLC进一步分析残糖说明：发酵液中已没有葡萄糖成分；经糖化酶水解后仍没有葡萄糖出现；但经酸水解后又出现了葡萄糖，说明结束后的残糖是一些低聚糖结构。有关残糖的结构需要进一步研究。可以通过开发高效的低聚糖水解酶来降低发酵液的残糖，提高原料的利用率。 A new technology for rapid production fuel ethanol from fresh sweet potato by different microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis) was gained in this research. The paper involved two parts: Part 1: The study on fuel ethanol rapid production from fresh sweet potato by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The following parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated by a series of experiments: fermentation models, cooking temperature, initial sugar concentration and glucoamylase dosage. The results showed that SSF (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation) not only reduced the fermentation time (from 30 to 24h) but also enhanced the ethanol concentration (from 73.56 to 95.96 g/kg). With low-temperature-cooking (85 ℃) using SSF, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae was able to produce ethanol 97.44 g/kg which the fermentation yield could reach to 92% and ethanol productivity 4.06 g/kg/h from sweet potato enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, the savings in energy by carrying out the cooking (85 ℃) and saccharification (30 ℃) step at low temperature had been realized. The results were also verified in 10 L, 100 L and 500 L fermentor. The fermentation yield was no less than 90%. The fermentation time of fermenter was shorter than Erlenmeyer flask. This may be that the aeration in the early fermentation period is available, which lead to the rapidly commutations of biomass. Part 2: The technology of ethanol rapid production with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ( SSF ) by Zymomonas mobilis，using fresh sweet potato as raw material was studied. The effects of various factors on the yield of ethanol were investigated by the single factor and the orthogonal experiments. As a result, the optimal technical conditions were obtained from those experiments：initial pH value 6.0-7.0, nitride 5.0 g/kg，(NH4)2SO4, glucoamylase 1.6 AUG/kg starch, inoculums concentration 12.5% (v/w). The Zymomonas mobilis was able to produce ethanol 95.15 g/kg, with 94% of the theoretical yield, from fresh sweet potato after 24 h fermentation. The fermentation efficiency of non-sterilized was also reach to 92%. We also analyzed the final fermentation residual sugars of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. When the residual sugars were analyzed by thin-layer chromatogram and glucose oxidase, there was no glucose. The analysis of reducing sugars by HPLC showed that there was no glucose existed in the fermentation liquor. However, the glucose appeared after being hydrolyzed by acid. It is indicated that the residual sugars in the final fermentation liquor were the configuration of oligosaccharide, which was linked by the special glycosidic bonds. It was feasible for reducing residual sugars to develope the enzyme that can degradation the oligosaccharide.

微生物法生成辅酶Q10的研究

本文根据我们实验室建立的发酵产物中辅酶Q10定性定量检测方法，筛选得到一株可以代谢产生较多辅酶Q10的野生菌株放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)。 为了提高放射形土壤杆菌的辅酶Q10的产量，本实验利用液体培养研究了单因素对菌株辅酶Q10产量的影响，并用正交法确定了最佳液态发酵条件。最佳发酵培养基是：葡萄糖20g,蔗糖40g, 硫酸铵10g,玉米浆30g, 酵母膏3g，K2HPO4 3g,MgSO4.7H2O 1g，蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.0-7.2。最佳发酵条件是：转接斜面菌种到种子培养基, 转速220r/min、温度28。C培养24h后，转入发酵培养基(250mL三角拼装液量为50mL，pH 7.0), 接种量为10％，转速220r/min、温度28。C，培养120h。在此条件下，菌体湿重约为50g/L，辅酶Q10含量约为20mg/L。 本文以放射形土壤杆菌为出发菌株进行诱变育种，以期获得辅酶Q10高产菌。根据微生物育种原理、参照辅酶Q10的代谢调控机制，以野生型放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)为出发菌株，采用紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变技术，依次筛选得到菌体提取物M抗性菌ARM－7、烟草提取物T抗性菌株ARMT-26、Vk3抗性菌株ARMTV-25、链霉素抗性菌株ARMTVS-32，菌株ARMTVS-32产量达到了36.8mg/L，与原始出发菌株相比，产量提高了77％。 研究了茄尼醇、对羟基苯甲酸、橘子皮提取物D、胡萝卜提取物E、烟草提取物对ARMTVS-32合成辅酶Q10的影响，结果表明这些物质对菌体合成辅酶Q10有一定促进作用，添加0.2g/L茄尼醇时，辅酶Q10含量提高了17%，达到了40.7mg/L；添加1.2g/L橘子皮提取物D时，辅酶Q10含量提高了13.8%，达到了39.6mg/L；添加0.5g/L胡萝卜提取物E时，辅酶Q10含量提高了25.3% ，达到了43.6mg/L；添加8g/L烟草提取物时，辅酶Q10含量提高了12.6%，达到了39.2mg/L。 Production of Coenzyme- Q10 (CoQ10) by fermentation is considered as a process with broad prospects.Quantitative Analysis of CoQ10 in the culture of microbe by TLC—UV spectrophotometry was developed, by using this method we got the strain Agrobacterium radiobacter,which was isolated from forest soil of southwest of China. The effect of the single factor on CoQ10-production ability of the strain was examined by liquid cultured, and its best optimum cultivation conditions were established by orthogonal method. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were as following: carbon sources glucose 20g/L,sucrose 40g/L; nitrongen sources (NH4)2SO4 10g/L,maize liquid 30g/L;yeast extract 3g; K2HPO4 3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1g/L; initial pH was 7 and volume of medium(medium volume vs flask volume) was 50mL/500mL, incubating for 120h on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm and 28℃.Under these conditions, the biomass and CoQ10 concentration reached 50g/L and 20mg/L respectively. According to the biosynthesis mechanism of CoQ10 and breeding theory, CoQ10 over-production strains were screened by UV--NTG. mutation using Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50 as parent strain. A microbe-juice resistant mutant ARMTVS-32, which also could resist tobacco-juice, VK3 and streptomycin, was screened out from an agar plate. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 36.8mg/L, which was 77% higher than the initial strain. In addition, We discussed the effects of some organic substrates on the synthesis of CoQ10 in ARMTVS-32. The results showed that solanesol, orange juice D, carrot juice E and tobacco juice could promote the CoQ10 accumulation in the cells. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 40.7mg/L when added 0.2g/L solanesol,it reached 39.6mg/L when added 1.2g/L orange juice D，it reached 43.6mg/L when added 0.5g/L carrot juice E. it reached 39.2mg/L when added 8g/L tobacco juice.

一株掷孢酵母利用红薯淀粉酶解液积累油脂研究

本论文以红薯淀粉的双酶法水解液为碳源，从19 株红色酵母中筛选出一株油脂含量较高的菌株掷孢酵母（Sporobolomyces reseus）As.2.618。为了提高掷孢酵母（S.reseus）As.2.618 的油脂产量，考察了培养基组成对该菌生长情况及油脂积累的影响。用均匀设计法对培养基组成进行了优化，由DPS软件得出的优化结果为：还原糖103g/L、酵母粉11.5g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.3g/L、硫酸镁0.15g/L。生物量可达19.23 g/L,油脂含量为3.875 g/L。研究了添加二价离子对该菌的生长及油脂积累的影响,结果表明Zn2+对该菌生长和油脂积累都有显著促进作用。研究了发酵条件以及添加氧载体正十二烷对该菌发酵的影响，表明添加正十二烷有利用于该菌生长与油脂积累。得出最佳发酵条件是：在还原糖103g/L、酵母粉11.5g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.3g/L、硫酸镁0.15g/L。添加30mg/L 硫酸锌,接种量为5％，在24h 后添加2g/L 的碳酸钙和2%(v/v)正十二烷，pH6.0 培养温度为27℃，转速为200r/min，培养时间为7 天的条件下，该菌生物量干重可达35.05g/L,油脂含量也达11.98g/L。Lipid is one of the basic material for life-sustaining activities andimportant industrial materials. As lipid resources mainly come from the animal andthe plant, the problem of lipid lack is encountered at times. The lipid frommicroorganisms is the substitute and superior to the above lipid with a short period ofproduction and much cheaper fermentation materials such as agricultural and sidelineproducts or wastes of crop.Thus large scale production and broad application ofmicrobial lipid will be efficient not only in substitute of the animal and the plant lipidfor food and industrial field , but also inducing a new way leading to solve the energyproblem.For the purpose of exploring the characteristics of lipid production of redyeasts from sweet potato starch hydrolysates. 19 red yeasts are screened for thecapability of lipid producing and one strain Sporobolomyces reseus As.2.618 withsuperior performance is sellected.To improve the Sporobolomyces reseus As.2.618’s capability of lipidaccumulation , the components of the medium, which may influence the growth of thestrain and the lipid yield have been studied. To get the optimum mediumcomponents ,the “uniform design” was used .The DPS software gave the optimummedium component is: reducing sugar 103 g/L、yeast extract 11.5 g/L、KH2PO4 0.3g/L、MgSO4 0.15 g/L. The biomass could reach up to 19.23 g/L and lipid yield 3.87g/L with the above composition of fermentation medium.Furthermore the fermentation conditions , addition of the divalent metal ionsand the oxygen vector to increase the strain’s lipid producing capability are tested.The optimum condition is : reducing sugar 103 g/L、yeast extract 11.5 g/L、KH2PO40.3 g/L、MgSO4 0.15 g/L，Adding 30mg/L ZnSO4,and adding 2g/L CaCO3 2％(v/v)n-dodecane after 24h’s fermentation. the optimal fermentation condition were asfollow :30ml medium in the 500ml flask with initial pH 6.0,the flasks with 5%inoculation volume were at 200r/min shaking speed for 7d’s fermentation at27 .Under this kind of condition the high biom ¡æ ass which reach to 35.05 g/L could begot ,the yield of lipid also could reach to 11.98g/L.

捷安肽素对采后柑桔青绿霉菌抑制效果及作用机理研究

捷安肽素是一种由枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）ZK 产生的抗真菌多肽。本文以柑桔青霉菌（Penicillium italicum）和绿霉菌（Penicillium digitaum）为供试真菌，研究了捷安肽素的抑菌性能及作用机理，为捷安肽素开发为有效的生物杀菌剂提供理论依据。全文共分两部分：第一部分：捷安肽素对柑桔青霉菌和绿霉菌抑制效果研究。采用琼脂扩散法测定捷安肽素对柑桔青霉菌和绿霉菌的抑菌活性。53.9 µg/mL 捷安肽素对绿霉菌和青霉菌的抑菌圈直径分别为26.7mm 和24.1mm。结果表明捷安肽素能够抑制柑桔青绿霉菌的生长，柑桔绿霉菌比青霉菌对捷安肽素敏感。在柑桔果实上，研究了不同浓度、不同接入时间的捷安肽素对柑桔青霉病和绿霉病的防治效果，并与常用化学杀菌剂抑霉唑、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵作比较。53.9 µg/mL捷安肽素处理柑桔果实，柑桔青霉病和绿霉病发病率分别为5.0 %和5.3 %,比对照低95.0 %和94.7 %；柑桔青霉病和绿霉病的病情指数分别为1.87 和2.18，比对照低73.73 和97.82。结果表明，捷安肽素能够有效地防治柑桔青绿霉病。与对照相比，捷安肽素先于或后于柑桔青绿霉菌接入时，对柑桔青绿霉菌均有抑制作用，但抑制效果随接入间隔时间的增长而降低。第二部分：捷安肽素对绿霉菌作用机理研究。首先在光学显微镜和透射电镜下观察捷安肽素处理后绿霉菌菌丝表面形态结构与菌丝体内超微结构的变化。形态观察发现，捷安肽素处理24h以内，绿霉菌菌丝结构无变化。捷安肽素作用36h后，绿霉菌菌丝不规则缢缩和膨大。48h后，在绿霉菌菌丝顶端、中部、末端的多处细胞均可发生畸形的球状结构，这种畸变结构随处理的延长而增加，致使细胞成为捻珠状。处理72 h后，畸变球形细胞开始断裂离解。处理96h后，镜下几乎无完整菌丝，成单个的球状细胞，部分细胞出现破裂。而对照菌丝表面光滑，结构完整。通过透射电镜观察发现，与对照相比，捷安肽素处理后，绿霉菌细胞壁、细胞膜轮廓模糊不清，细胞质外泄。推测捷安肽素能够使绿霉菌细胞膜通透性发生改变。进一步实验利用紫外-可见分光光度计检测捷安肽素作用后绿霉菌胞外液紫外吸光度的变化，表明捷安肽素作用于绿霉菌菌丝后，细胞内蛋白质、核酸缓慢泄漏。通过Atomscan Advantage单道扫描等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)测定捷安肽素作用后菌丝体内K+浓度的改变，结果表明捷安肽素作用于柑桔绿霉菌1h内，菌丝体内K+含量迅速下降，为对照绿霉菌K+含量的37.53 %，1 h后菌丝体内K+含量变化趋于平缓。K+的迅速泄漏，以及蛋白质、核酸的泄漏表明捷安肽素通过迅速改变绿霉菌细胞膜通透性，使绿霉菌菌丝生长受到抑制。Jiean-peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis ZK has broad-spectrumresistance to plant pathogens. In this study, we investigated the antifungal propertyand the possible antifungal mechanism of jiean-peptide against two commonphytopathogenic fungi of citrus fruits: blue molds (P. italicum) and green molds (P.digitatum).The paper involved two parts:Part 1 is the study of the antifungal property of jiean-peptide against blue moldsand green molds of citrus fruits. The in vitro inhibition effect of jiean-peptide againstblue molds and green molds was detected by agar diffusion method. The diameters ofinhibition zones of green molds and blue molds are 26.7mm and 24.1mm respectivelyby treating with 53.9 µg/mL jiean-peptide. It shows that jiean-peptide effectivelyinhibits the both phytopathogenic fungi, and it is more effective for inhibiting greenmolds than blue molds. The effectiveness of jiean-peptde to inhibit green molds andblue molds in vivo was investigated compared with four conventional fungicides thatare imazalil, prochloraz, carbendazin and methylthiophanate. The result is that the incidences of the blue mold disease and green mold disease are 5.0 % and 5.3 %, thedisease severities are 1.87 and 2.18 respectively when citrus are inoculated with 53.9µg/ml jiean-peptide. The decay incidences and disease severities were significantlyreduced by treating with jiean-peptide compared with the control. The results indicateJiean-peptide is effective for controlling blue molds and green molds on citrus. Theoptimized inoculation time was also investigated. When inoculated with jiean-peptideat 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h before or after pathogens’ inoculation, Jiean-peptidecan suppress the occurrence of blue molds and green molds compared with the control, but the effect of later inoculation decreases compared with the inoculation at the sametime.In Part 2, we investigated the possible antifungal mechanism against greenmolds of citrus. At first, we observed the exterior morphological changes andultrastructural changes of blue molds under light microscopy (LM) and transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM). Compared with untreated control cells which aregenerally uniform in shape, the appearances of treated hyphae change obviously. Itshows that some cells of hyphae irregularly shrink or enlarge when cultured for 36h.When the treating time of jiean-peptide increases, the aberrance of the hyphaebecomes more obvious, and hyphae exhibit the moniliform appearances. Finally, thereis no intact hypha leaved except only single cells, and some of which appear fractured.By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, we find that the outline ofthe cell wall and the cell membrane of hyphae are blurry, and the cytoplasma oozesout. The observation result under LM and TEM suggests that jiean-peptide mightchange the permeability of the cell membrane. So we conducted further experiment todetect the change of permeability when the cells of blue molds were treated withjiean-peptide. And the effect of jiean-peptide on non-growing cells of blue molds wastested. By the spectrophotometer measurement, we found that compounds with lightabsorption at 260 nm and 280 nm were released and amounts increased within 12 hcompared with the control. Moreover, by the ICP measurement, the leakage of K+occurred immediately in the presence of jiean-peptide within 1 h, but with nearly nofurther change after 1 h. All these results indicate that jiean-peptide could change themembrane permeability of blue molds immediately and result in leaking nucleotides,proteins and K+ from cells.

低剂量连续辐射引起的小鼠免疫系统的变化

为了评估低剂量X射线连续辐射对BALB/c小鼠健康机体免疫系统的影响,实验采用X射线全身连续照射BALB/c小鼠,照射第一天剂量为0.07Gy,剂量率0.2Gy/min,之后每天照射0.08Gy,共照射12d,累积剂量1.03Gy,照射后24和48h取血、胸腺和脾脏。流式细胞仪检测免疫细胞周期和凋亡的变化,胸腺和脾脏指数用重量法获取。实验结果表明,小鼠胸腺细胞的周期在照射后24h被阻滞在G2/M期;外周血淋巴和胸腺细胞周期48h被阻滞在G0/G1期,细胞凋亡比例在照射后两个时间点都显著增加;脾脏淋巴细胞周期24h被阻滞在G0/G1期,48h被阻滞在S期,细胞凋亡比例在24和48h显著减少;脾脏指数在照射后48h显著减少。故低剂量X射线连续全身照射BALB/c小鼠可激活免疫细胞不同的周期监测点,引起免疫细胞凋亡比例发生变化,造成一定的辐射损伤,且这种影响随着免疫器官的不同而不同。

不同LET射线对细胞的生物学效应

以人肝癌细胞系和正常肝细胞系为材料,报道了不同传能线密度射线辐射引发细胞染色体原初断裂及24h内的修复情况。计算了相对生物学效应的值。以L02染色体总断裂数量得出的RBE值96.05keV/μm的12C6+为3.6,512keV/μm36Ar18+为2.9。而以7721染色体总断裂数量得出的RBE值:96.05keV/μm的12C6+为3.5,512keV/μm36Ar18+也为2.9。用产生等点染色单体断裂计算,则RBE更高。对比得出,高LET对增加等点染色单体断裂量的作用要远远大于对增加染色单体断裂量的作用。等点染色单体的断裂修复难度要远远大于染色单体断裂的修复难度,这也是高LET高致死率的一个重要原因。

~(12)C~(6+)离子束诱导HeLa细胞DNA损伤效应

本文研究了HeLa细胞经过12C6+离子束辐照之后的DNA损伤效应,及辐照后p53激活的分子机制。运用中性单细胞电泳技术,检测了HeLa细胞经过4Gy 12C6+离子束辐照间隔0、3、6和12h之后DNA的损伤情况,及0.5、1、2和4Gy 12C6+离子束辐照后即时的DNA损伤情况。同时运用细胞生长实时监测仪监测了HeLa细胞在经过0、0.5和1Gy 12C6+离子束辐照之后的生长变化,并运用AO/EB双染检测了辐照细胞24h后的凋亡情况。另外,利用8mmol/L的咖啡因[抑制ATM(ataxia-telangiectasia,mutated)和ATR(ATM and Rad3-related kinase)]和20μmol/L的wortmannin[抑制ATM和DNA-PK(DNA-dependent protein kinase)]处理HeLa细胞后再进行1Gy 12C6+离子束辐照,通过westernblot检测p53的表达。结果显示,12C6+离子束辐照可造成HeLa细胞的DNA损伤,损伤随剂量升高而升高但随测定间隔时间降低,诱导HeLa细胞发生凋亡;而且辐照后p53表达升高。结果证明12C6+离子束辐照可造成HeLa细胞的DNA损伤并诱导损伤修复及凋亡等效应,损伤效应相关因子p53被激活,并且激活依赖于ATM。

碳离子辐射引起Hela细胞线粒体DNA 4977 bp的缺失

背景:线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的累积对衰老的多细胞动物来说是一个显著的特征,同时也与各种肿瘤细胞的转移和凋亡有关。目前的研究已证明辐射可特异性地诱导此缺失的产生,有望将其作为新的DNA水平的辐射损伤生物剂量标记。目的:用聚合酶链反应方法检测碳离子辐射引起的Hela细胞线粒体DNA4977bp突变缺失,并观察碳离子辐射剂量及辐射时间与线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的相关性。设计、时间及地点:细胞DNA水平的对照实验,于2008-10/11在甘肃省兰州市近代物理研究所完成。材料:人宫颈癌细胞Hela细胞株。方法:Hela细胞经2～8Gy的碳离子辐射后,于2～24h各个时间点分别提取包含线粒体DNA的全基因组DNA,并用聚合酶链反应法扩增线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的特异片段,通过限制反应模板浓度和聚合酶链反应循环数的方法进行定性分析。主要观察指标:碳离子辐射剂量及辐射时间对线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的影响。结果:经2Gy辐照处理的Hela细胞在2,4,8,24h4个时间点的检测中均无聚合酶链反应阳性产物,8Gy辐照处理的Hela细胞在12,16,24h3个时间点可检测到线粒体DNA4977bp缺失,且随时间延长而累积。辐照后12hHela细胞在8Gy辐照处理后可检测到线粒体DNA4977bp缺失,辐照后16和24hHela细胞在6,8Gy辐照处理后可检测到线粒体DNA4977bp缺失。结论:碳离子辐射引起的Hela细胞线粒体DNA4977bp缺失存在剂量相关性,且其累计程度可能与辐射时间有关。

重离子束与X射线辐照对人舌鳞癌细胞周期影响的比较

[目的]研究重离子和X射线辐照对人舌鳞癌Tb细胞周期影响的规律。[方法]采用X射线和离子束分别辐照人舌鳞癌Tb细胞,X射线照射剂量为0、2、4、6、8Gy;重离子照射剂量为0、0.5、1、2.0、4.0Gy。PI荧光探针标记,流式细胞仪检测不同剂量组受照后在6h、12h、24h的细胞周期变化。[结果]人舌鳞癌Tb细胞在X射线照射后,2.0Gy组激活G1期检测点,而4.0、6.0、8.0Gy组激活G2期检测点。重离子照射后,Tb细胞G2/M期阻滞明显增加,阻滞程度具有剂量和时间依赖性,并且0.5、1Gy组细胞在12～24h时间点出现"崩溃"现象,细胞阻滞解除;2Gy和4Gy组细胞表现为明显的G2/M阻滞,未出现"崩溃"现象。在2Gy辐照时对细胞G2期阻滞率达到70%,相当于6GyX射线辐照。[结论]重离子和X射线对人舌鳞癌细胞周期影响不同,小剂量重离子束具有较高的生物学效应。

重离子辐照对人舌鳞癌Tb细胞周期的影响

目的探讨重离子辐照对人舌鳞癌Tb细胞周期进程的影响及受照剂量和修复时间的关系。方法采用流式细胞仪检测不同剂量重离子辐照后人舌鳞癌Tb细胞不同时间点的细胞周期变化。结果人舌鳞癌Tb细胞经重离子辐照后,出现G2/M期明显阻滞,阻滞程度具有剂量和时间依赖性,G2/M期阻滞在24h时与照射剂量呈正相关(r=0.935,P<0.05)。当受到0.5、1Gy照射后,细胞在12h到达阻滞高峰,24h时最大峰值回落。辐照剂量分别为2、4Gy时,细胞表现为G2/M的明显阻滞,未出现阻滞解除现象。结论人舌鳞癌Tb细胞经重离子照射后存活后代生长延缓,放射敏感性增高,呈G2/M期阻滞。

P53及其相关蛋白对X射线照射肝癌细胞周期的调节

X射线照射人肝癌细胞HepG2,照射后细胞存活随照射剂量增大明显下降。流式细胞术分析,不同剂量组照射后24h均发生G2期阻滞。照射后不同时间组的细胞周期分布也有不同,照射后12h,有显著的S期延迟。Western Blot显示照射后24hP53,MDM2,P21蛋白表达上升,并有时间效应:P53在照射后24h之内始终维持较高表达,MDM2和P21分别在照射后6和12h的表达最高。X射线照射通过影响P53及其相关蛋白的表达影响细胞周期。

低剂量碳离子全身辐射对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖及血清干扰素的影响

目的:观察小于0.1Gy剂量碳离子全身辐射引起的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及血清干扰素的变化。方法:实验于2006-11在中国科学院近代物理研究所医学物理实验室进行。①实验过程:取昆明系小鼠30只,采用完全随机设计方法分为5组,每组6只,采用离子束进行全身照射。12C6+离子照射在兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)辐照终端进行,照射剂量为0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.10Gy。麻醉照射后24h,小鼠摘眼球取血。②实验评估:采用ELISA法测定血清γ-干扰素含量,操作严格按试剂盒说明进行。将眼球取血后的小鼠脱颈处死,无菌条件下取出脾脏,常规制备单细胞悬液,采用MTT法检测刀豆蛋白A和脂多糖对脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用。结果:30只小鼠均进入结果分析。①辐射对小鼠血清干扰素的影响:与未照射正常小鼠比较,0.01Gy和0.03Gy碳离子束照射后,小鼠血清中γ-干扰素含量明显增高(P<0.05)。照射剂量继续增大至0.05Gy和0.10Gy时,血清γ-干扰素含量下降。②辐射对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响:与未照射组比较,0.01Gy碳离子束照射可明显促进刀豆蛋白A诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖和脂多糖诱导的B淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.001,P<0.001),其促进作用与0.03Gy组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。0.05Gy照射开始抑制脾淋巴细胞增殖指数,当照射剂量增大为0.10Gy时显示出明显的抑制作用。结论:0.01Gy和0.03Gy碳离子束照射能刺激淋巴细胞增殖,并能诱导γ-干扰素活性以增强机体免疫力。

Protactinium在试管壁上的吸附

用~(233)Pa做示踪剂,分别使用ABS树脂、有机玻璃、聚乙烯和普通玻璃试管做吸附材料,研究了在不同浓度的HCL溶液中~(233)Pa在试管壁上的吸附。结果显示,~(233)Pa在试管壁上的吸附随盐酸浓度的增加而减少。当HCL浓度≥0．5mol/L时,同ABS树脂和有机玻璃比较,~(233)Pa在玻璃试管壁上的吸附最少。当HCL浓度≤0．25mol/L时,~(233)Pa在玻璃试管壁上的吸附反而比在ABS树脂和有机玻璃试管壁上的大。若~(233)Pa的HCL溶液在聚乙烯、ABS树脂和玻璃试管中存放较长的时间(24h),聚乙烯试管壁对~(233)Pa的吸附量最少。

肝癌细胞辐射敏感性与G_2期染色体畸变的线性关系及其应用研究

目的研究人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞辐射敏感性与G2期染色体断裂畸变关系及临床应用的可行性。方法用Calyculin-A诱导的早熟染色体凝集技术测定细胞G2期染色体断裂畸变,用克隆形成实验测定细胞受照后的克隆形成率。结果γ射线照射24h后,G2期细胞内残存的等点染色单体断裂和染色单体型断裂与剂量之间存在良好的相关性;两类畸变与受照后的细胞存活分数均有一定的相关性,但等点染色单体断裂畸变的相关性(r为0·989)比染色单体型的(r为0·853)强。结论细胞照后24h,残存G2等点染色单体断裂畸变可以作为预测HepG2细胞内在辐射敏感性的指标,也可为临床诊断和治疗肝癌提供依据。