The effects of hexetidine (Oraldene (TM)) on the adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells in vitro and ex vivo and on in vitro morphogenesis

Purpose. This study reports the effects of hexetidine (Oraldene(TM)) on two virulence attributes of Candida albicans, namely, in vitro and ex vivo adherence of yeast cells to buccal epithelial cells (BEG) and in vitro morphogenesis.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE ANTI-ADHERENCE PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE (VANTOCIL IB(TM))

The effect of polyhexamethylenebiguanide (PHMB) on adherence of Candida albicans blastospores to human buccal epithelial cells (BEG) was examined in vitro. Treatments of either blastospores or BEC with PHMB (50 and 1000 mu g ml(-1)) significantly reduced the number of adherent blastospores per BEC and increased the number of BEC devoid of blastospores.

Synergistic effects on gene delivery - co-formulation of small disulfide-linked dendritic polycations with Lipofectamine 2000 (TM)

This paper describes the application of gene delivery vectors based on connecting together two well-defined low-generation poly(L-lysine) (PLL) dendrons using a disulfide-containing linker unit. We report that the transfection ability of these vectors in their own right is relatively low, because the low-generation number limits the endosomal buffering capacity. Importantly, however, we demonstrate that when applied in combination with Lipofectamine 2000 (TM), a vector from the cationic lipid family, these small cationic additives significantly enhance the levels of gene delivery (up to four-fold). Notably, the cationic additives have no effect on the levels of transfection observed with a cationic polymer, such as DEAE dextran. We therefore argue that the synergistic effects observed with Lipofectamine 2000 (TM) arise as a result of combining the delivery advantages of two different classes of vector within a single formulation, with our dendritic additives providing a degree of pH buffering within the endosome. As such, the data we present indicate that small dendritic structures, although previously largely overlooked for gene delivery owing to their inability to transfect in their own right, may actually be useful well-defined additives to well-established vector systems in order to enhance the gene delivery payload.

O balanced scorecard e a administração local:aplicação à divisão financeira do município de Vila Franca de Xira

Dissertação, Mestrado, Contabilidade e Finanças, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior de Gestão e Tecnologia, 2014

Chalcogenide thin films for solar cells: growth and properties

Thin film solar cells have in recent years gained market quota against traditional silicon photovoltaic panels. These developments were in a large part due to CdTe solar panels on whose development started earlier than their competitors. Panels based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), despite being more efficient in a laboratory and industrial scale than the CdTe ones, still need a growth technology cheaper and easier to apply in industry. Although usually presented as a good candidate to make cheap panels, CIGS uses rare and expensive materials as In and Ga. The price evolution of these materials might jeopardize CIGS future. This thesis presents three different studies. The first is the study of different processes for the incorporation of Ga in a hybrid CIGS growth system. This system is based on sputtering and thermal evaporation. This technology is, in principle, easier to be applied in the industry and solar cells with efficiencies around to 7% were fully made in Aveiro. In the second part of this thesis, a new material to replace CIGS in thin film solar cells is studied. The growth conditions and fundamental properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) were studied in depth. Suitable conditions of temperature and pressure for the growth of this material are reported. Its band gap energy was estimated at 1.05 eV and the Raman scattering peaks were identified. Solar cells made with this material showed efficiencies lower than 0.1%. Finally, preliminary work regarding the incorporation of selenium in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films was carried out. The structural and morphological properties of thin films of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 have been studied and the results show that the incorporation of selenium is higher in films with precursors rather with already formed Cu2SnS3 or Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. A solar cell with 0.9 % of efficiency was prepared.

On the application of optimal control techniques in lossy fieldbuses

The performance of real-time networks is under continuous improvement as a result of several trends in the digital world. However, these tendencies not only cause improvements, but also exacerbates a series of unideal aspects of real-time networks such as communication latency, jitter of the latency and packet drop rate. This Thesis focuses on the communication errors that appear on such realtime networks, from the point-of-view of automatic control. Specifically, it investigates the effects of packet drops in automatic control over fieldbuses, as well as the architectures and optimal techniques for their compensation. Firstly, a new approach to address the problems that rise in virtue of such packet drops, is proposed. This novel approach is based on the simultaneous transmission of several values in a single message. Such messages can be from sensor to controller, in which case they are comprised of several past sensor readings, or from controller to actuator in which case they are comprised of estimates of several future control values. A series of tests reveal the advantages of this approach. The above-explained approach is then expanded as to accommodate the techniques of contemporary optimal control. However, unlike the aforementioned approach, that deliberately does not send certain messages in order to make a more efficient use of network resources; in the second case, the techniques are used to reduce the effects of packet losses. After these two approaches that are based on data aggregation, it is also studied the optimal control in packet dropping fieldbuses, using generalized actuator output functions. This study ends with the development of a new optimal controller, as well as the function, among the generalized functions that dictate the actuator’s behaviour in the absence of a new control message, that leads to the optimal performance. The Thesis also presents a different line of research, related with the output oscillations that take place as a consequence of the use of classic co-design techniques of networked control. The proposed algorithm has the goal of allowing the execution of such classical co-design algorithms without causing an output oscillation that increases the value of the cost function. Such increases may, under certain circumstances, negate the advantages of the application of the classical co-design techniques. A yet another line of research, investigated algorithms, more efficient than contemporary ones, to generate task execution sequences that guarantee that at least a given number of activated jobs will be executed out of every set composed by a predetermined number of contiguous activations. This algorithm may, in the future, be applied to the generation of message transmission patterns in the above-mentioned techniques for the efficient use of network resources. The proposed task generation algorithm is better than its predecessors in the sense that it is capable of scheduling systems that cannot be scheduled by its predecessor algorithms. The Thesis also presents a mechanism that allows to perform multi-path routing in wireless sensor networks, while ensuring that no value will be counted in duplicate. Thereby, this technique improves the performance of wireless sensor networks, rendering them more suitable for control applications. As mentioned before, this Thesis is centered around techniques for the improvement of performance of distributed control systems in which several elements are connected through a fieldbus that may be subject to packet drops. The first three approaches are directly related to this topic, with the first two approaching the problem from an architectural standpoint, whereas the third one does so from more theoretical grounds. The fourth approach ensures that the approaches to this and similar problems that can be found in the literature that try to achieve goals similar to objectives of this Thesis, can do so without causing other problems that may invalidate the solutions in question. Then, the thesis presents an approach to the problem dealt with in it, which is centered in the efficient generation of the transmission patterns that are used in the aforementioned approaches.

Brazilian savanna forest : conservation, medicinal reservoir and bioprospecting

This study aimed to analyse the Brazilian savanna forest from a Legal Reserve (LR) area from a perspective of conservation, reservoir of organic carbon and medicinal biomass for a prospective use of native medicinal plants. An ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey was carried out close to a community settled in the rural area in the south of Tocantins, being selected 9 of the most cited species (cajuí- Anacardium othonianum; inharé-Brosimum gaudichaudii; jatobá-Hymenaeae courbaril; jenipapo-Genipa americana, aroeira-Myracrodruon urundeuva; negramina-Siparuna guianensis; barbatimão- Stryphnodendron obovatum; assa peixe-Vernonia brasiliana, embaúba-Cecropia pachystachya). Crude foliar extracts were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical prospection and triage of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity of potential interest in health and familiar agriculture. Phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids were detected in the extracts of most species, which suggests the presence of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-insect activities. It was evident the need to better know the LR as a reservoir of medicinal biomass in an area under ecological tension where 35% (610ha) of the property is LR and should be protected by law. Therefore, a forest inventory of live woody species was performed using the allometric or indirect method. This identified a rare remnant of Semidecidual Seasonal Forest amidst the largest world savannah, the Cerrado biome. An analysis of the forest average productivity per basal area (m².ha), aerial live biomass (ton.ha-1) and carbon stock was carried out. The forest fragment was considered relatively rich in species and diversity, although showing signs of disturbance and dominance by a few species. Its horizontal structure suggests biotic regeneration conditions. It is an important reservoir of medicinal plants. Of the families (57.5%) presenting medicinal species, 19 from a total of 33 are represented in the area and contain 44% (27) of the total species (61) and 63% (432) of the total individuals catalogued. Medicinal species have ecological importance for the equilibrium of the local flora and represent 80% of the 10 species with higher Importance Value Index (IVI): Tetragastris altissima, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Oenocarpus distichus, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Simarouba versicolor, Alibertia macrophylla, Siparuna guianensis, Maprounea guianensis, Licania parvifolia e Physocalymma scaberrimum. Medicinal productivity was high for this type of phytophysionomy: 183,2 ton. ha-1 of biomass and 91,51 ton. ha-1 of carbon representing 66% of the total biomass and carbon of this Cerrado forest. From this stage S. guianensis (Siparunaceae) was selected for performing bioassays in order to verify its biological activity against microorganisms of health and agricultural relevance. This is a native aromatic medicinal plant recommended as priority for conservation, with local popular medicinal validation and availability of medicinal feedstock (3300 Kg.ha-1), with the foliar fraction giving 38Kg/ha of crude extract and 5L/ha of essential oil. Foliar crude extracts and essential oil were obtained and tested in vitro using a disk diffusion bioassay. Different concentrations of these natural products were tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145) and fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 6258 e Fusarium oxysporum). The essential oil inhibited the growth of S. aureus in its crude concentration (380μg.mL-1), as well as diluted to half (190μg.mL-1) and a quarter strength (95μg.mL-1). It’s likely that such action is due to sesquiterpenes major components, such as bisabolol and bisabolene (10.35%), measured by gas chromatography (GC-MS, GC-FID). Extracts did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. The native medicinal plants prospective market is an alternative that favours the conservation of biodiversity while generating benefits for the development of sustainable family productive activities within local ecosystems instead of the current inappropriate uses. This strengthens conservation policies of Legal Reserve in rural settlements and is in agreement with public policy on global warming and climate changes.

Growth conditions, omega - 3 fatty acid concentrations and gene expression of fatty acid desaturases in Portulaca oleracea leaves

Tese de dout., Ciências Biotecnológicas (Biotecnologia Vegetal), Univ. do Algarve, 2009

Caractérisation des mécanismes d’action du microARN 169 chez Arabidopsis thaliana

Dissertação de mest., Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2011

Apoio social, acontecimentos de vida negativos e adaptação em famílias com menores em risco psicossocial

No contexto atual de proteção à infância, as famílias em situação de risco psicossocial constituem uma realidade, com a qual as instituições e os profissionais se deparam e ainda pouco estudada em Portugal. As famílias têm de lidar com inúmeros acontecimentos de vida negativos que comprometem o adequado exercício das suas funções parentais. Neste trabalho analisámos o perfil psicossocial, a coesão e adaptação familiar, os acontecimentos de vida stressantes e de risco das suas trajetórias de vida e circunstâncias atuais, o seu impacto emocional, o apoio social percebido das famílias com menores em risco, a forma como se associam entre si e com as diversas características sociodemográficas. Foram entrevistados 51 participantes, 33 do sexo feminino e 18 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e os 57 anos de idade, resultando uma média de idade de 36,33 anos (DP = 7,98), acompanhados pela Comissão de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens de Faro. Foram avaliadas as seguintes dimensões: adaptação e coesão familiar, acontecimentos de vida stressantes ou negativos, apoio social percebido em situações normativas e de risco e o perfil psicossocial dos participantes. Os resultados mostraram que as famílias com menores em risco psicossocial apresentam elevada taxa de desemprego, precaridade educativa, económica e profissional, elevado número de acontecimentos de vida negativos atuais e passados relacionados sobretudo com problemas psicológicos, económicos, profissionais e conjugais que são vivenciados com elevado impacto emocional. Ao nível do funcionamento familiar, os níveis de coesão foram superiores aos de adaptação familiar. Os participantes reportaram uma necessidade mais elevada de apoio emocional do que informativo ou material. A fonte de apoio social das famílias é constituída principalmente por familiares e amigos, que experienciaram um reduzido apoio de profissionais. As famílias evidenciaram importantes necessidades, entre as quais o apoio social e as intervenções psicossociais assumem um papel essencial nos contextos familiares de risco.

Palinostratigrafia e isótopos estáveis do Jurássico da Bacia Algarvia e da Carrapateira

A biostratigrafia de dinoflagelados, do Jurássico da Bacia Algarvia e do Afloramento Mesozoico da Carrapateira, foi efetuada com base no estudo palinológico de 482 amostras, provenientes de quinze sucessões margo-calcárias da sub-bacia ocidental, sub-bacia oriental e de duas sondagens offshore da Bacia Algarvia, e da Baía das Três Angras no Afloramento Mesozoico da Carrapateira. As amostras recolhidas do Jurássico Inferior revelaram-se pobres em palinomorfos devido, principalmente, à natureza dolomítica destas sucessões carbonatadas. Os resíduos orgânicos das amostras pertencentes ao Jurássico Médio e Superior são, geralmente, abundantes e possuem palinomorfos bem preservados. Foram identificadas 57 espécies de quistos de dinoflagelados, 5 espécies de esporos, 9 espécies de pólenes, 1 género de acritarcas e 1 género de algas. Os novos dados palinostratigráficos, com base em quistos de dinoflagelados, são consistentes com as Cronozonas de amonites descritas para estas sucessões. As palinofloras de dinoflagelados revelam afinidades com a província do Tétis. Na Bacia Algarvia não foi registada a presença das principais formas marcadoras das biozonas do NW da Europa e as associações recuperadas revelaram-se significativamente menos diversas do que associações contemporâneas conhecidas noutros locais. Este facto estará relacionado com fatores paleogeográficos e com as condições restritas que prevaleceram na Bacia Algarvia durante o Jurássico. A partir da análise de palinofácies verificou-se a existência de uma grande similaridade entre os ambientes deposicionais em todas as sucessões analisadas, verificando-se a existência de uma variação entre ambientes de plataforma proximal a intermédia, sempre com forte influência continental. Os perfis quimiostratigráficos,de δ13C e δ18O, obtidos da análise de rocha total, das sucessões carbonatadas do Bajociano superior - Kimmeridgiano inferior, mostram uma tendência geral semelhante às curvas δ13C e δ18O globais para este intervalo, no domínio tetisiano. Excursões negativas de δ13C foram observadas em Benaçoitão e na Baía das Três Angras. No entanto, estes terão sido eventos locais, que não têm relação com a curva global δ13C, tendo sido interpretados como o resultado da entrada de grande quantidade de 12C para a bacia, cuja origem pode estar associada à degradação e oxidação da matéria orgânica e/ou meteorização das áreas continentais em consequência de variações do nível do mar.

Avaliação neuropsicológica de doentes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia: um estudo comparativo

Diversos estudos têm vindo a demonstrar que os doentes oncológicos revelam alterações cognitivas na sequência do tratamento de quimioterapia, apesar de alguns outros estudos terem evidenciado o oposto. O principal objetivo desta investigação é fazer uma caracterização cognitiva geral destes doentes, de forma a contribuir para esclarecer a controvérsia existente na literatura relativa à presença e natureza de defeitos cognitivos decorrentes da quimioterapia. Participaram, neste estudo, 35 mulheres com cancro da mama, tratadas com quimioterapia, e 35 mulheres saudáveis, emparelhadas por idade e escolaridade. Foi aplicado um conjunto de provas que avaliam os principais domínios cognitivos (atenção, memória e funções cognitivas de natureza mais complexa), bem como os níveis de sintomatologia depressiva. O grupo clínico demonstrou pior desempenho na maioria das provas neuropsicológicas aplicadas, em comparação às mulheres do grupo de controlo, embora se situasse em algumas provas num nível médio de funcionamento (atendendo ao seu grupo de referência). As diferenças entre grupos não parecem dever-se ao facto de o grupo clínico apresentar níveis mais graves de sintomatologia depressiva. Os resultados do presente estudo vão ao encontro da literatura, sugerindo que a quimioterapia parece ter um efeito negativo no funcionamento cognitivo, tendo-se verificado um maior comprometimento ao nível da atenção, da memória de trabalho, da flexibilidade cognitiva e da fluência verbal. Por sua vez, não se observaram diferenças entre grupos na prova que avalia as funções visuo-construtivas.