Impacts of structural characteristics on activated sludge floc stability

Activated sludge samples from seven full-scale plants were investigated in order to determine the relationship between floc structure and floc stability. Floc stability was determined by shear sensitivity and floc strength. Floc structure was considered in terms of two size scales, the micro- and macrostructure. The microstructure refers to the organization of the floc components, such as the individual microorganisms. The macrostructure refers to the overall floc. The floc macrostructure was characterized by filament index, sludge volume index, size, and fractal dimension. It had a significant impact on floc stability. Large and open floes with low fractal dimensions containing large number of filaments were more shear sensitive and had lower floc strength compared to small and dense floes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the organization of the bacterial cells might also have an effect on the floc stability. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plasma zinc and immune markers in runners in response to a moderate increase in training volume

Changes in plasma zinc concentration and markers of immune function were examined in a group of 10 male runners (n = 10) following a moderate increase in training over four weeks. Seven sedentary males acted as controls. Fasting blood samples were taken at rest, before (T0) and after T4) four weeks of increased (+ 16 %) training and after two weeks of reduced (- 31 %) training (W. Blood was analysed for plasma zinc concentration, differential leucocyte counts, lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte proliferation using incorporation of H-3-thymidine. The runners increased their training volume by 16 % over the four weeks. When compared with the nonathletes, the runners had lower concentrations of plasma zinc (p = 0.012), CD3(+) (p = 0.042) and CD19(+) lymphocytes (p = 0.010) over the four weeks. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to Concanavalin A stimulation was greater in the runners (p = 0.0090). Plasma zinc concentration and immune markers remained constant during the study. Plasma zinc concentration correlated with total leucocyte counts in the athletes at T6 (r = -0.72, p < 0.05) and with Pokeweed mitogen stimulation in the nonathletes at T6 (r = -0.92, p < 0.05). Therefore, athletes are unlikely to benefit from zinc supplementation during periods of moderately increased training volume.

Adsorption of supercritical fluids in non-porous and porous carbons: analysis of adsorbed phase volume and density

In this paper, we revisit the surface mass excess in adsorption studies and investigate the role of the volume of the adsorbed phase and its density in the analysis of supercritical gas adsorption in non-porous as well as microporous solids. For many supercritical fluids tested (krypton, argon, nitrogen, methane) on many different carbonaceous solids, it is found that the volume of the adsorbed phase is confined mostly to a geometrical volume having a thickness of up to a few molecular diameters. At high pressure the adsorbed phase density is also found to be very close to but never equal or greater than the liquid phase density. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low temperature induced spikelet sterility in rice. I. Nitrogen fertilisation and sensitive reproductive period

Low temperature during panicle development in rice increases spikelet sterility. This effect is exacerbated by high rates of nitrogen (N) application in the field. Spikelet sterility induced by low temperature and N fertilisation was examined in glasshouse experiments to clarify the mechanisms involved. In two glasshouse experiments, 12-h periods of low (18/13degreesC) and high (28/23degreesC) day/night temperatures were imposed over periods of 5-7 days during panicle development, to determine the effects of low temperature and N fertilisation on spikelet sterility. In one experiment, 50% sunlight was imposed together with low temperature to investigate the additive effects of reduced solar radiation and low temperature. The effect of increased tillering due to N fertilisation was examined by a tiller removal treatment in the same experiment. Pollen grain number and spikelet sterility were recorded at heading and harvest, respectively. Although there was no significant effect of low temperature on spikelet sterility in the absence of applied N, low temperature greatly increased spikelet sterility as a result of a reduction in the number of engorged pollen grains per anther in the presence of applied N. Spikelet sterility was strongly correlated with the number of engorged pollen grains per anther. Low temperature during very early ( late stage of spikelet differentiation-pollen mother cell stage) and peak ( second meiotic division stage-early stage of extine formation) microspore development caused a severe reduction in engorged pollen production mainly as a result of reduced total pollen production. Unlike low temperature, the effect of shading was rather small. The increased tillering due to application of high rates of N, increased both spikelet number per plant and spikelet sterility under low temperature conditions. The removal of tillers as they appeared reduced the number of total spikelets per plant and maintained a large number of engorged pollen grains per anther which, in turn, reduced spikelet sterility. The number of engorged pollen grains per anther determined the numbers of intercepted and germinated pollen grains on the stigma. It is concluded that N increased tillering and spikelet number per plant and this, in turn, reduced the number of engorged pollen grains per anther, leading into increased spikelet sterility under low temperature condition.

Boletim eletr??nico de bibliografias especializadas: igualdade de g??nero

A 2?? edi????o de 2013 do Boletim Eletr??nico de Bibliografias Especializadas destaca o tema Igualdade de G??nero. O documento traz indica????es de pu-blica????es do acervo da Biblioteca Graciliano Ramos/ENAP com reflex??es acerca das desi-gualdades entre homens e mulheres e suas consequ??ncias ?? sociedade. O objetivo ?? dar publicidade a esses materiais, visando a con-tribuir para uma melhor compreens??o do com-plexo cen??rio de defini????o das prioridades p??blicas e da formula????o de pol??ticas p??blicas governamentais comprometidas com a pers-pectiva de g??nero, em seus diversos aspectos. De acordo com a Organiza????o das Na????es Unidas para a Educa????o, a Ci??ncia e a Cultura (Unesco), os direitos das mulheres devem ser entendidos como direitos humanos e cultu-rais fundamentais. J?? a Pol??tica Nacional para as Mulheres, coordenada pela Secre-taria Especial de Pol??ticas para as Mulhe-res (SPM), da Presid??ncia da Rep??blica, tem como pressupostos e princ??pios a equi-dade, a autonomia das mulheres, a laicida-de do Estado, a universalidade das pol??ti-cas, a justi??a social, a transpar??ncia dos atos p??blicos, a participa????o e o controle social.

Projeto b??sico: oficina de reflex??o e alinhamento das pol??ticas de promo????o e incentivo ?? leitura em nosso pa??s

Contrata????o de servi??os t??cnicos profissionais especializados de doc??ncia para modera????o na Oficina, sob medida, de reflex??o e alinhamento das pol??ticas de promo????o e incentivo ?? leitura em nosso Pa??s, sendo a execu????o da Oficina norteada pelas diretrizes expressas no inciso I do art. 2?? da Resolu????o n?? 01 de 31 de janeiro de 2013 e nos incisos I do art. 2?? do Decreto n?? 8.091, de 03 de setembro de 2013

Texto para discuss??o 6: a tecnologia da informa????o na reforma do Estado: uma reflex??o sobre os dilemas e perspectivas para as grandes empresas de processamento de dados da ??rea p??blica

O presente texto procura focalizar mais especificamente a quest??o dos modelos organizacionais adotados pelas empresas p??blicas de processamento de dados, e sua poss??vel reestrutura????o para fazer frente ??s novas necessidades de seus usu??rios, em meio a mudan??as profundas nas plataformas tecnol??gicas tradicionalmente adotadas. A inten????o ?? contribuir para que o debate iniciado tenha prosseguimento, pela relev??ncia desse tema para a reforma do aparelho estatal ora em andamento no pa??s, tanto em n??vel federal quanto no ??mbito de Estados e munic??pios

A experi??ncia da ENAP na forma????o inicial para a carreira de Especialista em Pol??ticas P??blicas e Gest??o Governamental ??? EPPGG: 1988 a 2006 - Volume 1

A pesquisa apresentada neste documento analisa, interpreta e sistematiza o material das onze edi????es do curso, desenvolvidas pela ENAP, de 1988 a 2006. Consideremos que esta ?? uma hist??ria que merece ser conhecida, permitindo extrair, dos acertos e erros, importantes li????es, as quais a ENAP, com o prop??sito de contribuir para seu cont??nuo aprimoramento, deseja compartilhar com as demais Escolas de Governo, institui????es e profissionais dedicados ao of??cio de forma????o de servidores p??blicos

A experi??ncia da ENAP na forma????o inicial para a carreira de Especialista em Pol??ticas P??blicas e Gest??o Governamental ??? EPPGG: 1988 a 2006 - Volume 2

A pesquisa apresentada nestes dois cadernos analisa, interpreta e sistematiza o material das onze edi????es do curso forma????o, desenvolvidas pela ENAP, entre 1988 e 2006. A obra pretende mostrar as influ??ncias de valores e de diferentes perspectivas que as atividades sofreram ao longo desse per??odo. O curso est?? diretamente associado ?? cria????o da ENAP e, em agosto de 2008, completou 20 anos

Reflex??es para Ibero-Am??rica: avalia????o de programas sociais

A ENAP Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica, com o apoio do Minist??rio do Planejamento, Or??amento e Gest??o, da Ag??ncia Brasileira de Coopera????o do Minist??rio das Rela????es Exteriores, do Centro Latino-americano de Administra????o para o Desenvolvimento (Clad) e da Caixa Econ??mica Federal, construiu uma s??rie de atividades de aprendizagem direcionadas a dirigentes e t??cnicos que atuam nas ??reas de planejamento estrat??gico e avalia????o de programas. Esses eventos de aprendizagem permitiram uma intensa troca de experi??ncias entre os 60 dirigentes e t??cnicos representantes de organismos governamentais de 16 pa??ses ibero-americanos ??? Argentina, Bol??via, Brasil, Chile, Col??mbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, M??xico, Panam??, Paraguai, Peru, Portugal, Rep??blica Dominicana, Uruguai e Venezuela. A consolida????o desse per??odo de rica troca de experi??ncias est?? retratada nesta publica????o, que mostra o avan??o na constru????o de um conhecimento coletivo referente a desafios contempor??neos de nossos governos nas ??reas de planejamento e de avalia????o de programas sociais

Reflex??es para Ibero-Am??rica: planejamento estrat??gico

A ENAP Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica, com o apoio do Minist??rio do Planejamento, Or??amento e Gest??o, da Ag??ncia Brasileira de Coopera????o do Minist??rio das Rela????es Exteriores, do Centro Latino-americano de Administra????o para o Desenvolvimento (Clad) e da Caixa Econ??mica Federal, construiu uma s??rie de atividades de aprendizagem direcionadas a dirigentes e t??cnicos que atuam nas ??reas de planejamento estrat??gico e avalia????o de programas. Esses eventos de aprendizagem permitiram uma intensa troca de experi??ncias entre os 60 dirigentes e t??cnicos representantes de organismos governamentais de 16 pa??ses ibero-americanos ??? Argentina, Bol??via, Brasil, Chile, Col??mbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, M??xico, Panam??, Paraguai, Peru, Portugal, Rep??blica Dominicana, Uruguai e Venezuela. A consolida????o desse per??odo de rica troca de experi??ncias est?? retratada nesta publica????o, que mostra o avan??o na constru????o de um conhecimento coletivo referente a desafios contempor??neos de nossos governos nas ??reas de planejamento e de avalia????o de programas sociais

Colet??nea planejamento e or??amento governamental: volume 1: pref??cio

Pref??cio da colet??nea, estabelece seu objetivo de fornecer material did??tico focado no desenvolvimento profissional da administra????o p??blica brasileira.

Colet??nea planejamento e or??amento governamental: volume 1: introdu????o

Esta introdu????o, al??m de apresentar e contextualizar cada tem??tica, objetiva ser um texto did??tico b??sico para os cursos da ENAP. Nesse sentido, traz, adicionalmente, uma s??ntese dos temas desenvolvidos nos respectivos textos da colet??nea.

Colet??nea planejamento e or??amento governamental: volume 1: o plano como aposta

O texto sintetiza os principais fundamentos do m??todo PES. Esse m??todo contrap??e-se ao planejamento tradicional e prop??e uma abordagem tecnopol??tica do planejamento.

Colet??nea planejamento e or??amento governamental: volume 1: o quadro l??gico - um m??todo para planejar e gerenciar mudan??as

O texto traz uma s??ntese do Enfoque do Quadro L??gico e constr??i um exemplo da matriz de planejamento do projeto, que ilustra para o leitor a estrutura do QL