Barra "Gordura"

Imagem componente do jogo “DigesTower (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/digestower.php)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).

Gordura

Imagem componente do jogo “DigesTower (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/digestower.php)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).

Influência do teor de calcário no comportamento físico, mecânico e microestrutural de cerâmicas estruturais

There are ores of clay in Piauí State that are used for red structural ceramics, which are naturally contaminated with calcareous vein. This is one thing that impedes its exploration in an adequate way, especially for tile production. The present work aims at verifying the influence of the calcareous contents in the technological structural ceramics area, seeking to determine a maximum permissible calcareous proportion/contents in the ceramic mass using the patterns of the local industry production. For the consecution of this paper, it was characterized the clay and calcareous material by FRX, DRX, TGA and DTA. It was also configurated by extrusion and burnt in the temperatures of 850°C, 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C pieces of the corpus with 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% of calcareous proportion. After that, it was carried out technological samples of linear retraction, water absortion, apparent porosity, specific apparent mass and mechanic resistance. The results showed the possibility of using calcareous in the ceramic mass and in some cases the technological properties got better

Síntese, aplicação e avaliação do efeito do teor de fósforo da celulose fosfatada em argamassa de alvenaria com aditivo comercial a base de hidroxi-etil-metil celulose (HEMC)

Generally, cellulose ethers improves mortar properties such as water retention, workability and setting time, along with adherence to the substrate. However, a major disadvantage of the addition of cellulose ethers in mortars is the delay in hydration of the cement. In this paper a cellulose phosphate (Cp) was synthesized water soluble and has been evaluated the effect of their incorporation into mortar based on Portland cement. Cellulose phosphate obtained was characterized by spectrophotometry Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mortar compositions were formulated with varying phosphorus content in cellulose and cellulose phosphate concentrations, when used in partial or total replacement of the commercial additive based hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC). The mortars formulated with additives were prepared and characterized by: testing in the fresh state (consistency index, water retention, bulk density and air content incorporated) and in the hardened state (absorption by capillarity, density, flexural and compression strength). In mixtures the proportion of sand:cement of 1:5 (v / v) and factor a / c = 1.31 and water were held constant. Overall, the results showed that the celluloses phosphates employed in mortars added acted significantly when partially substituting the commercial additive. With regard to consistency index, water retention and bulk density in the fresh state and absorption by capillarity and bulk density apparent in the hardened state, showed no appreciable differences as compared to the commercial additive. The incorporated air content in the fresh state reduced markedly, but did not affect other properties. The mortars with cellulose phosphate, partially replacing the commercial additive showed an improvement of the properties of flexural strength and compressive strength

Estudo de Matérias-Primas do Rio Grande do Norte para Uso em Revestimento Poroso: Influência do teor de dolomita e temperatura de calcinação nas propriedades físico-mecânicas

The state of Rio Grande do Norte presents a great potentiality for the production of ceramic tiles because of having natural raw material in quantity and quality making its economical exploration possible, beyond the great energetic differential of the state, the natural gás. This works aims to study the influence of the dolomite and granulometry concentration and calcinations temperature in the obtaining of formulations for porous coverings which have to be coherent to the project,s specifications. The experiments have involved the physical-chemical and mineralogical characterizations of raw materials and mechanical tests in the dry and burnt proof bodies preceding a mixture experiment planning with the use of the response surface methodology, in order to get the best raw materials combinations to produce a ceramic mass with specific properties. The twelve ceramic masses studied in this work were prepared by the via dry process, characterized, shaped by uniaxial pressing and sinterized in the temperatures of 940ºC, 1000ºC, 1060ºC, 1120ºC and 1180ºC, using a fast burning cycle. The crystalline phases formed during the sintering in the temperatures in study have revealed the presence of anorthite and diopside beyond quartz with a remaining phase. These phases were the main responsible ones by the physical- mechanical properties of the sinterized proof bodies. The proof bodies after the sintering stage have presented water absorption higher than 10% and a good dimensional stability in all studied temperatures. However, the flexural breaking strength results in the temperatures of 940ºC, 1000ºC and 1060ºC, under the temperature zone of the vitrification of ceramic whiteware do not reach the flexural breaking strength specific for the porous wall tile (15 MPa), but in the temperature of 1120ºC next to the vitrification temperature zone, some whiteware ceramic (formulations) has reached the specified value for the porous wall tile. The results of this work have showed that the studied raw materials have great importance for used in the production of porous wall tiles (BIII)

Síntese, caracterização e aplicação de LaSBA-15 e como catalisador para obtenção de biodiesel de soja via rota etílica

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel, renewable, biodegradable and nontoxic. The transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fat with alcohol is most common form of production of this fuel. The procedure for production of biodiesel occurs most commonly through the transesterification reaction in which catalysts are used to accelerate and increase their income and may be basic, acid or enzyme. The use of homogeneous catalysis requires specific conditions and purification steps of the reaction products (alkyl ester and glycerol) and removal of the catalyst at the end of the reaction. As an alternative to improve the yield of the transesterification reaction, minimize the cost of production is that many studies are being conducted with the application of heterogeneous catalysis. The use of nano-structured materials as catalysts in the production of biodiesel is a biofuel alternative for a similar to mineral diesel. Although slower, can esterify transesterified triglycerides and free fatty acids and suffer little influence of water, which may be present in the raw material. This study aimed at the synthesis, characterization and application of nano-structured materials as catalysts in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil to produce biodiesel by ethylic route. The type material containing SBA-15 mesoporous lanthanum embedded within rightly Si / La = 50 was used catalyst. Solid samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption. For the transesterification process, we used a molar ratio of 20:1 alcohol and oil with 0.250 g of catalyst at 60°C and times of 6 hours of reaction. It was determined the content of ethyl esters by H-NMR analysis and gas chromatography. It was found that the variable of conversion obtained was 80%, showing a good catalytic activity LaSBA-15 in the transesterification of vegetable oils via ethylic route

Correlações genéticas e fenotípicas em duas populações de milho (Zea mays L.) braquítico e suas implicações no melhoramento do teor de óleo no grão

Coeficientes de correlações genéticas e fenotípicas foram estimados entre os caracteres: altura da planta (AP); altura da espiga (AE); peso de espigas (PE) e teor de óleo (TO). As estimativas foram obtidas para duas populações braquíticas de milho (Piranão VD-2 e Piranão VF-1), baseado em espiga por fileira, utilizando-se testemunha intercalar, onde a cada duas progênies plantava-se uma fileira do híbrido simples AG 305-B. Os valores das correlações genéticas aditivas encontradas entre os caracteres altura da planta, altura da espiga e peso de espigas, foram todos positivos. Para o caráter teor de óleo, quando correlacionado com os demais caracteres, os valores das correlações obtidos foram negativos nas duas populações, exceção feita ao peso de espiga correlacionada com teor de óleo, na população Piranão VD-2, cujo valor foi positivo e próximo de zero. As respostas correlacionadas obtidas entre os caracteres, quando a seleção é praticada para o caráter teor de óleo e vice versa, independente do método de seleção empregado, mostram que a seleção para teor de óleo leva a modificação na estrutura da planta, para as duas populações.

Influência da disponibilidade hídrica e da acidez do solo no teor de prolina livre de guandu

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da disponibilidade hídrica e da acidez do solo, no teor de prolina livre da parte aérea das cultivares de guandu, IAPAR 43-Aratã e IAC Fava Larga. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x3x4 (cultivar x disponibilidade hídrica x acidez), com quatro repetições. em condições de restrição hídrica severa, a cultivar IAC Fava Larga pode ser considerada tolerante, em virtude do maior acúmulo de prolina livre. A presença de alumínio no solo, associada à restrição hídrica severa, apresentou efeito sinergístico sobre os teores de prolina livre.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para determinação de teor de ácido gálico e catequina no fitoterápico sanativo® por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

The herbal medicine Sanativo® is produced by the Pernambucano Laboratory since 1888 with indications of healing and hemostasis. It is composed of a fluid extract about Piptadenia colubrina, Schinus terebinthifolius, Cereus peruvianus and Physalis angulata. Among the plants in their composition, S. terebinthifolius and P. colubrina have in common phenolic compounds which are assigned most of its pharmacological effects. The tannins, gallic acid and catechin were selected as markers for quality control. The aim of this study was the development and validation of analytical method by HPLC/UV/DAD for the separation and simultaneous quantification of gallic acid (GAC) and catechin (CTQ) in Sanativo®. The chromatographic system was to stationary phase, C-18 RP column, 4,6 x 150 mm (5 mm) under a temperature of 35 ° C, detection at 270 and 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol in the proportions 88:12 (v/v), a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The analytical method presented a retention factor of 0.30 and 1.36, tail factor of 1.8 and 1.63 for gallic acid and catechin, respectively, resolution of 18.2, and theoretical plates above 2000. The method validation parameters met the requirements of Resolution n º 899 of May 29, 2003, ANVISA. The correlation coefficient of linear regression analysis for GAC and CTQ from the standard solution was 0.9958 and 0.9973 and when performed from the Sanativo® 0.9973 and 0.9936, the matrix does not interfere in the range 70 to 110 %. The limits of detection and quantification for GAC and CQT were 3.25 and 0.863, and 9.57 and 2.55 mg/mL, respectively. The markers, GAC and CQT, showed repetibility (coefficient of variation of 0.94 % and 2.36 %) and satisfactory recovery (100.02 ± 1.11 % and 101.32 ± 1.36 %). The method has been characterized selective and robust quantification of GAC and CTQ in the Sanativo® and was considered validated

Parâmetros Genéticos para a Produção de Leite, Gordura e Proteína em Bubalinos

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters affecting milk production (MP), fat (%F) and protein (%P) contents of buffalo milk. Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) using MTDFREML program under animal model analyzed a total of 1744 lactations records from 1268 cows. The means were: MP = 1259.47 +/- 523.09 kg, %F = 6.87 +/- 0.88% and %P = 3.91 +/- 0.61%. The estimates of repeatability and heritability coefficients were: MP = 0.38 and 0.24, %F = 0.28 and 0.21 and %P = 0.30 and 0.26, respectively. The estimated genetic and phenotypic correlations were MP x %F = -0.18 and -0.62, MP x %P = -0.23 and -0.59 and %F x %P = 0.50 and 0.77, respectively. According to these results it is possible to conclude that selection is a proper way to increase milk yield, fat and protein percentage. Although negative low values of genetic correlations among traits, it should be take into account that simultaneous selection based on these traits could not be so efficient.

Digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio em ovinos alimentados à base de dietas com elevado teor de concentrado e níveis crescentes de polpa cítrica peletizada

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade, a ingestão de nutrientes e o balanço de nitrogênio de dietas com 20% de silagem de milho e 80% de concentrado e 0, 25, 40 e 55% de polpa cítrica na matéria seca total, substituindo o milho em grão. em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, foram utilizados oito cordeiros mestiços, com nove meses de idade e 34 kg de peso, mantidos em gaiolas individuais com dispositivo para separação de fezes e urina. O período de coleta de alimento, sobras, fezes e urina foi de seis dias e a quantidade de alimento oferecido correspondeu à média do consumido nos três últimos dias do período de adaptação. O experimento foi desenvolvido em duas fases, utilizando-se os mesmos animais, que foram distribuídos em blocos pelo peso. Os resultados foram analisados por regressão polinomial. Houve aumento linear nos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e da fibra em detergente ácido, com o aumento da participação da polpa cítrica na dieta. Os demais coeficientes de digestibilidade não diferiram entre si e foram, respectivamente: 71,8; 73,3; 77,2; 63,5; e 72,2%; para matéria seca, matéria orgânica, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e hemicelulose. O teor médio de nutrientes digestíveis totais foi de 72,39%. Houve aumento linear da ingestão de matéria seca e de nutrientes digestíveis totais por dia e por peso metabólico, com o aumento de polpa cítrica na dieta. O mesmo ocorreu com a quantidade de nitrogênio ingerido, absorvido, urinário e retido. O aumento da participação da polpa cítrica peletizada até 55% da matéria seca da dieta, substituindo o grão de milho, implicou em melhor aproveitamento da fibra e eficiência no metabolismo do nitrogênio.

Condutividade elétrica e teor de água inicial das sementes de soja

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do teor de água na superfície do solo sobre a eficácia e seletividade do flazasulfuron, na cultura de cana-de-açúcar

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia e a seletividade do herbicida flazasulfuron aplicado em pré-emergência de Panicum maximum, Brachiaria plantaginea e Digitaria horizontalis e das plantas de cana-de-açúcar, em solos argilosos com diferentes teores de água na superfície, após os primeiros cinco dias da aplicação. Foram testadas as seguintes doses de flazasulfuron isolado: 37,5; 50,0; e 75,0 g ha-1. O herbicida foi misturado, na menor dose (37,5 g ha-1), com ametrine e diuron, ambos a 1.000 g ha¹, e com acetochlor na dose de 1.536 g ha-1. Esses tratamentos foram comparados aos padrões comerciais: isoxaflutole (112,5 g ha-1), tebuthiuron (1.000 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1) e diuron + hexazinone (1.500 g ha-1). Mantiveram-se as testemunhas capinada e infestada. Todos os herbicidas foram seletivos aos cultivares de cana-de-açúcar testados (RB 845257 e RB 855536). O herbicida flazasulfuron, bem como alguns padrões comerciais, proporcionou ótimos níveis de controle das plantas daninhas onde o solo se encontrava com bons teores de água nesse período. Os resultados foram insatisfatórios - sobretudo para o flazasulfuron isolado ou em misturas com ametrine, acetochlor e diuron - para o controle de P. maximum e B. plantaginea em solo com menor teor de água na superfície. Com a dose de 37,5 g ha-1 do flazasulfuron, o controle de B. plantaginea aos 90 dias após a aplicação, foi de 42,5% em função da redução do teor de água de 22% (CC) a 7,1%, na camada de 0 a 2,5 cm do solo. O controle aumentou para 97,5% quando a variação foi de 25% a 21%.