322 resultados para submersed macrophytes


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este estudo lista a diversidade de peixes da família Cichlidae em diferentes ambientes (lagos, ressacas e paranas) e habitats (macrófitas aquáticas, galhadas, praias e margens dos rios e lagos) da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (RDSM) localizada no médio rio Solimões, Amazonas. As coletas foram realizadas em dois momentos: 1) nos meses de março, julho e dezembro de 2003 em 19 pontos em torno da Reserva; 2) coletas mensais entre setembro de 2003 e agosto de 2004 em 5 lagos com presença das macrófitas aquáticas Eichornia crassipes e Paspalum repens. Foram utilizados a malhadeira, o rapiché e rede de arrasto. Ao final do estudo foram capturados 6.397 peixes da família Cichlidae, correspondentes a um peso de 35 quilogramas, distribuídos em 28 espécies e 16 gêneros. Os Ciclídeos representaram, aproximadamente, 35% do número total de peixes coletados. O volume das capturas foi dominado por formas juvenis ou espécies de pequeno porte. Mesonauta insignis e Cichlasoma amazonarum dominaram em abundância e peso durante todo o estudo. No período 1 foram capturadas 28 espécies e 1.876 indivíduos, enquanto no período 2 foram 18 espécies e 5.365 indivíduos. Nove espécies não ocorreram em ambientes de lagos com macrófitas aquáticas. O estudo mostrou que os ciclídeos se deslocam entre os ambientes e habitats da Reserva em busca de melhores condições para a sobrevivência destes.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

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AIM: In this study, we evaluated and compared community attributes from a tropical deforested stream, located in a pasture area, in a period before (PRED I) and three times after (POSD I, II, and III) a flash flood, in order to investigate the existence of temporal modifications in community structure that suggests return to conditions previous to the flash flood. METHODS: Biota samples included algae, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fish assemblages. Changes in stream physical structure we also evaluated. Similarity of the aquatic biota between pre and post-disturbance periods was examined by exploratory ordination, known as Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling associated with Cluster Analysis, using quantitative and presence/absence Bray-Curtis similarity coefficients. Presence and absence data were used for multivariate correlation analysis (Relate Analysis) in order to investigate taxonomic composition similarity of biota between pre and post-disturbance periods. RESULTS: Our results evidenced channel simplification and an expressive decrease in richness and abundance of all taxa right after the flood, followed by subsequent increases of these parameters in the next three samples, indicating trends towards stream community recovery. Bray-Curtis similarity coefficients evidenced a greater community structure disparity among the period right after the flood and the subsequent ones. Multivariate correlation analysis evidenced a greater correlation between macroinvertebrates and algae/macrophytes, demonstrating the narrow relation between their recolonization dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite overall community structure tended to return to previous conditions, recolonization after the flood was much slower than that reported in literature. Finally, the remarkably high flood impact along with the slow recolonization could be a result of the historical presence of anthropic impacts in the region, such as siltation, riparian forest complete depletion, and habitat simplification, which magnified the effects of a natural disturbance.

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Species richness and geographical distribution of Cyclopoida freshwater copepods were analyzed along the La Plata River basin. Ninety-six samples were taken from 24 sampling sites, twelve sites for zooplankton in open waters and twelve sites for zooplankton within macrophyte stands, including reservoirs and lotic stretches. There were, on average, three species per sample in the plankton compared to five per sample in macrophytes. Six species were exclusive to the plankton, 10 to macrophyte stands, and 17 were common to both. Only one species was found in similar proportions in plankton and macrophytes, while five species were widely found in plankton, and thirteen in macrophytes. The distinction between species from open water zooplankton and macrophytes was supported by nonmetric multidimensional analysis. There was no distinct pattern of endemicity within the basin, and double sampling contributes to this result. This lack of sub-regional faunal differentiation is in accordance with other studies that have shown that cyclopoids generally have wide geographical distribution in the Neotropics and that some species there are cosmopolitan. This contrasts with other freshwater copepods such as Calanoida and some Harpacticoida. We conclude that sampling plankton and macrophytes together provided a more accurate estimate of the richness and geographical distribution of these organisms than sampling in either one of those zones alone.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS