Servizi offerti su spazi demaniali in concessione e diritto dell'Unione Europea

La tesi analizza, sotto vari aspetti del diritto dell’Unione Europea, i servizi che sono offerti su spazi demaniali. Si articola in quattro capitoli: Il primo capitolo ricostruisce, valutandone l’impatto sui servizi che sono oggetto della presente indagine, lo sviluppo giurisprudenziale della Libertà di Stabilimento e della Libera Prestazione di Servizi, analizzando, altresì, i principi generali e l’art.16 della Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione. Il secondo capitolo è, invece, dedicato al diritto secondario, ossia alla Direttiva 2006/123/CE, alle Direttive “Appalti” e alla Direttiva “Concessioni”. La prima, che nulla aggiunge al quadro normativo trattato nel primo capitolo, svolge, pertanto una vera e propria funzione appaltante e concessoria. Le seconde, invece, seppur non applicabili alle fattispecie ivi esaminate, restano utili per comprendere quale declinazione possano avere i principi di eguaglianza, di non discriminazione, di trasparenza, di pubblicità e di concorrenza nella regolazione dei servizi offerti su spazi demaniali. La terza, invece, in quanto a rilevanza, presenta alcuni punti critici che fanno propendere per una sua non applicabilità. Resta comunque utile sempre in materia di principi, i quali, come evidenziato nell’ultima parte del secondo capitolo, sono stati utilizzati dalla Corte di Giustizia, pur nella totale assenza, fino alla recente direttiva, di strumenti di diritto secondario applicabili alle concessioni. Il terzo capitolo, invece, affronta le problematiche emerse all’interno dell’ordinamento italiano e attua una comparazione tra il sistema italiano e quello portoghese, croato, francese, spagnolo. Il quarto capitolo, da ultimo, prende in considerazione il delicato equilibrio, sempre più attuale, tra principi in materia di appalti pubblici e aiuti di Stato, valutando come, sia il permanere dello status quo, sia un riordino non conforme alla Direttiva 2006/123/CE e ai principi da essa richiamati possa costituire un aiuto di Stato incompatibile con il mercato interno.

The Making of a Shiite Bourgeoisie in Lebanon Political Mobilisation, Economic Resources and Formation of a Social Group

The thesis analyses the making of the Shiite middle- and upper/entrepreneurial-class in Lebanon from the 1960s till the present day. The trajectory explores the historical, political and social (internal and external) factors that brought a sub-proletariat to mobilise and become an entrepreneurial bourgeoisie in the span of less than three generations. This work proposes the main theoretical hypothesis to unpack and reveal the trajectory of a very recent social class that through education, diaspora, political and social mobilisation evolved in a few years into a very peculiar bourgeoisie: whereas Christian-Maronite middle class practically produced political formations and benefited from them and from Maronite’s state supremacy (National Pact, 1943) reinforcing the community’s status quo, Shiites built their own bourgeoisie from within, and mobilised their “cadres” (Boltanski) not just to benefit from their renovated presence at the state level, but to oppose to it. The general Social Movement Theory (SMT), as well as a vast amount of the literature on (middle) class formation are therefore largely contradicted, opening up new territories for discussion on how to build a bourgeoisie without the state’s support (Social Mobilisation Theory, Resource Mobilisation Theory) and if, eventually, the middle class always produces democratic movements (the emergence of a social group out of backwardness and isolation into near dominance of a political order). The middle/upper class described here is at once an economic class related to the control of multiple forms of capital, and produced by local, national, and transnational networks related to flows of services, money, and education, and a culturally constructed social location and identity structured by economic as well as other forms of capital in relation to other groups in Lebanon.

Populationsgenetik der ersten Bauern Mitteleuropas

Die vorliegende Dissertation ist eine molekulargenetische Studie an humanem neolithischem Skelettmaterial. Im zentralen Blickpunkt stand die Bestimmung der Variabilität der mitochondrialen Haplogruppen einer frühneolithischen Stichprobe aus drei unterschiedlichen Kulturkreisen, welche die Linearbandkeramik (LBK und AVK), die Körös-Kultur und eine Sammelkategorie osteuropäischer spätmeso- und frühneolithischer Kulturen umfasste. Im Vergleich dieser Gruppen untereinander sowie mit Rezentdaten moderner Populationen aus vergleichbaren Gebieten Mittel- und Osteuropas sowie dem Nahen Osten sollten bestehende Modelle und Hypothesen zur Neolithisierung Mitteleuropas geprüft werden. Insgesamt konnte für 43 neolithische Individuen aus 16 Fundorten der reproduzierbare Nachweis endogener DNA erbracht werden. Eine eindeutige Haplogruppenbestimmung konnte durch die Sequenzierung vier überlappender Fragmente der mitochondrialen Hypervariablen Region I sowie durch RFLP-Analyse zusätzlicher charakteristischer Nukleotidpositionen für alle 43 Individuen durchgeführt werden. Die neolithischen Individuen der Linearbandkeramik sowie der Körös-Kultur zeigten eine hohe Diversität an bekannten europäischen Haplogruppen, wohingegen die kleinere Stichprobe aus dem Gebiet Osteuropas eine auffällige Homogenität aufwies. Neben Frequenzunterschieden zur modernen mitteleuropäischen Bevölkerung war innerhalb der LBK/AVK-Stichprobe eine hohe Frequenz der Haplogruppe N1a festzustellen, welche nicht in den beiden anderen neolithischen Stichproben zu finden war und auch in der heutigen Rezentbevölkerung Eurasiens und Nordafrikas nur mit einer durchschnittlichen Frequenz von 0,2% vertreten ist. Innerhalb der Individuen der Körös-Kultur fanden sich zwei Haplotypen, welche heute nicht in Europa bekannt sind, dagegen jedoch in Süd- bzw. Nordostasien gehäuft vorkommen. Die Ergebnisse der aDNA-Analysen bestätigten im Wesentlichen das komplexe Bild der Neolithischen Transition in Mitteleuropa und konnten die, für diesen Raum postulierte, Hypothese der leap frog colonization weitestgehend unterstützen. Auch für den geographischen Vergleichsraum des nördlichen Osteuropa konnten Parallelen zur etablierten Sichtweise der archäologischen Forschung zu diesem Gebiet und den vorliegenden Ergebnissen der aDNA-Analysen aufgezeigt werden. Die zeitlich verzögerte Annahme der neolithischen Lebensweise im waldreichen nördlichen Osteuropa spiegelt sich in der reduzierten Diversität an mtDNA-Haplogruppen wider. Die vorliegende Dissertation konnte nicht nur durch die Ergebnisse der Haplogruppen-Bestimmung, sondern vor allem durch die umfangreichen und elaborierten Reproduktions- und Authentifizierungprotokolle deutlich machen, dass der Nachweis von humaner alter DNA trotz der allgegenwärtigen, methodenimmanenten Kontaminationsgefahr unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen möglich ist. Gleichermaßen konnte veranschaulicht werden, dass die aDNA-Analyse wertvolle Hinweise auf das genetische status quo einer Population liefern kann, welche nicht bzw. nur in sehr eingeschränkten Maße von rezenten DNA-Daten abgeleitet werden können. Als sekundäres Ergebnis erlaubte der bislang größte vorliegende Datensatz von ~2500 Klonsequenzen zudem einen detaillierten Einblick in Häufigkeiten und Verteilungsmuster von post mortem Sequenzveränderungen. Es konnten für den mitochondrialen Bereich der Nukleotidpositionen 15997-16409 so genannte hot bzw. cold spots definiert werden, welche für die Auswertung und Interpretation von zukünftigen Sequenzierungen der Hypervariablen Region I des mt-Genoms von entscheidender Bedeutung sein werden.

Reducing vulnerability to climate change in the Swiss Alps: a study of adaptive planning

The Swiss Alps will experience pronounced effects of climate change due to the combination of their latitudinal positioning, altitude and unique ecosystems, placing socio-economic stresses on alpine communities, many of which rely on seasonal tourism. Studies into tourism adaptation within the Swiss Alps have so far focused on the technical adaptation options of alpine stakeholders, rather than perceptions of adaptation to climate change at the operational and community level. This article investigates attitudes to adaptation in two alpine regions within Switzerland's well-established decentralized political framework, through semi-structured qualitative interviews. Stakeholders focused almost entirely on maintaining the status quo of winter tourism, through technical or marketing measures, with mixed attitudes towards climatic impacts. A matrix based on the relative internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats of adaptation measures (a SWOT framework) was used to assess the measures and suggest how stakeholders could capitalize on the new opportunities thrown up by climate change to create a competitive advantage. A comprehensive and collaborative planning approach is vital to enable policy makers and stakeholders to maximize opportunities, minimize the adverse effects of climate change on the local economy, and develop inclusive adaptation measures that benefit the entire region in order to create more sustainable social, economic and environmental structures.

A Blueprint for Buddhist Revolution: The Radical Buddhism of Seno’o Girō (1889–1961) and the Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism

In the early decades of the twentieth century, as Japanese society became engulfed in war and increasing nationalism, the majority of Buddhist leaders and institutions capitulated to the status quo. One notable exception to this trend, however, was the Shinkō Bukkyō Seinen Dōmei (Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism), founded on 5 April 1931. Led by Nichiren Buddhist layman Seno’o Girō and made up of young social activists who were critical of capitalism, internationalist in outlook, and committed to a pan-sectarian and humanist form of Buddhism that would work for social justice and world peace, the league’s motto was “carry the Buddha on your backs and go out into the streets and villages.” This article analyzes the views of the Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism as found in the religious writings of Seno’o Girō to situate the movement in its social and philosophical context, and to raise the question of the prospects of “radical Buddhism” in twenty-first century Japan and elsewhere.

The Presidential Institution in Bulgaria, Albania and Romani: An Attempt at Comparison"

Bulgaria, Albania and Romania are all parliamentary republics with a president as head of state. Although the Albanian president is elected by Parliament, he is arguably the strongest of the three, both in terms of the powers allowed by the provisional constitution and of Mr. Berisha's political practice. The constitutional reform underway in the country will however change the status quo. In Bulgaria and Romania the presidents are elected directly by popular vote, but their powers are relatively small as compared to the democratic legitimisation implied by direct elections. Actual presidential powers should however be assessed with caution as some of them are set by law or interpretations of constitutional texts, rather than by the constitutions themselves. There is also variation in the degree to which the presidents in office have exploited their constitutional powers or taken their role as non-aligned political brokers seriously. Mr. Berisha, in particular, was in control of party politics throughout his presidency and was one of the most polarising influences on public opinion. The excessive political polarisation in all three countries has however its own logic and power. Thus Mr. Zhelev invariably supported the emergence of a political centre in Bulgaria, but this did not succeed and the policy was as damaging to his political career as the fight with would-be centrists was to Berisha's. Political practice in all three countries seems to need a presidential figure. This adds flexibility to a situation governed by hostile and mutually suspicious parties, stuck parliaments and weak or inexperienced governments. The presidents also command considerable influence on public opinion. Public opinion in Bulgaria, for example, largely supports the idea of greater power for the president, in contrast with the opinions of constitutionalists and other law-makers in the country. Under the legacy of the past, the people have a love-hate relationship with such paternalist figures. Presidents personalise politics in the public mind, but they can also become scapegoats for political failures.

Simulating the impact of four control strategies on the population dynamics of Neospora caninum infection in Swiss dairy cattle

A dynamic deterministic simulation model was developed to assess the impact of different putative control strategies on the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in female Swiss dairy cattle. The model structure comprised compartments of "susceptible" and "infected" animals (SI-model) and the cattle population was divided into 12 age classes. A reference model (Model 1) was developed to simulate the current (status quo) situation (present seroprevalence in Switzerland 12%), taking into account available demographic and seroprevalence data of Switzerland. Model 1 was modified to represent four putative control strategies: testing and culling of seropositive animals (Model 2), discontinued breeding with offspring from seropositive cows (Model 3), chemotherapeutic treatment of calves from seropositive cows (Model 4), and vaccination of susceptible and infected animals (Model 5). Models 2-4 considered different sub-scenarios with regard to the frequency of diagnostic testing. Multivariable Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was used to assess the impact of uncertainty in input parameters. A policy of annual testing and culling of all seropositive cattle in the population reduced the seroprevalence effectively and rapidly from 12% to <1% in the first year of simulation. The control strategies with discontinued breeding with offspring from all seropositive cows, chemotherapy of calves and vaccination of all cattle reduced the prevalence more slowly than culling but were still very effective (reduction of prevalence below 2% within 11, 23 and 3 years of simulation, respectively). However, sensitivity analyses revealed that the effectiveness of these strategies depended strongly on the quality of the input parameters used, such as the horizontal and vertical transmission factors, the sensitivity of the diagnostic test and the efficacy of medication and vaccination. Finally, all models confirmed that it was not possible to completely eradicate N. caninum as long as the horizontal transmission process was not interrupted.

myTU - Neue Ideen und Konzepte

myTU, eine persönliche Lernplattform für Smartphones, die seit 2011 an der Technischen Universität Bergakademie Freiberg im Einsatz ist, wird zukünftig mit neuen und erweiterten Funktionen ausgestattet. Ziel ist es eine generalisierte Lernplattform für alle Hochschulen anzubieten, die das BYOD-Konzept konsequent umsetzt. Ausgehend von der derzeitigen Struktur und Umfang des Projektes wird eine Verbindung mit OPAL geschaffen, das Layout und die Schnittstellen generalisiert, Funktionen erweitert und ein mehrstufiges Authentisierungskonzept entwickelt und integriert. Im Folgenden wird der Status Quo erläutert und neue Konzepte des Projektes vorgestellt.

Practice Movements: The Politics of Non-sovereign Power

Practice movements, that is, forms of unorganized collective action, are a central site of politics. Their defining moments are that their goals are expressed in practices rather than in words, and that these “pre-ideological” practices aim at access to or redistribution of goods, whether material or symbolic, rather than at representation. They are transgression rather than resistance in that they transgress restrictions inherent in the material organization of space, property relations, status orders, and normative regulations, be they laws, morals, or customs. Practice movements are above all about access and participation rather than about autonomy, and thus have an ambiguous relation to the transformation of the status quo. Their politics are transformative and they can produce temporary or lasting changes in the material grounds or in the regulation of the everyday life of those who pursue them, and potentially of the normativity and the organization of the wider social order.

Coalition Structures and Policy Change in a Consensus Democracy

This paper studies the relation between coalition structures in policy processes and policy change. While different factors such as policy images, learning processes, external events, or venue shopping are important to explain policy change, coalition structures within policy processes are often neglected. However, policy change happens as a result of negotiations and coordination among coalitions within policy processes. The paper analyzes how conflict, collaboration, and power relations among coalitions of actors influence policy change in an institutional context of a consensus democracy. Empirically, I rely on a Qualitative Comparative Analysis to conduct a cross-sector comparison of the 11 most important policy processes in Switzerland between 2001 and 2006. Coalition structures with low conflict and strong collaboration among coalitions as well as structures with dominant coalitions and weak collaboration both facilitate major policy change. Competing coalitions that are separated by strong conflict but still collaborate strongly produce policy outputs that are close to the status quo.

Schöner grüner Tanneboom: Deutsches Flottenlied mit Chor zum Thiergarten-Musikfest: Mel.: Wir winden Dir den Jungfernkranz: O Tanneboom, o Tanneboom, Wie grün sind Deine Blätter! Aus Dir baun wir der Einheit Dom Durch Trommeln und Geschmetter ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Sarkastische Kommentierung der erfolglosen Bemühungen zur Schaffung einer deutschen Kriegsflotte vor dem Hintergrund des Konflikts um Schleswig-Holstein. Die auf der dänischen Seeüberlegenheit beruhende Blockade der deutschen Häfen sowie der russische und britische Druck zur Wiederherstellung des status quo ante machen die vorangegangenen preußischen militärischen Erfolge zu Lande (Schleswig, Översee und Düppel) zur Makulatur. In Form eines Liedtextes: "Die Flotte wird bald fertig sein! Gedulde Dir, o Däne! Vom Pregel bis zum Deutschen Rhein Giebt's schon sehr viele Kähne."

Ansprache eines Wahl-Candidaten an die Wähler: Lieben Freunde und Landsleute! Ich nenne Euch meine Freunde, obgleich ich nicht weiß, ob Ihr mich als einen Freund anerkennen wollt ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Die oktroyierte Verfassung vom 5. Dezember 1848 gewährleistet in hinlänglichem Maße die Teilnahme des Volks an Gesetzgebung und Regierung; alle Proteste dagegen sind verwerflich. Die Einrichtung zweier parlamentarischer Kammern ist von Vorteil, eine Rückkehr zum gesellschaftspolitischen status quo ante weder möglich noch anzustreben. Warnung vor der republikanischen Staatsform; der Begriff 'demokratische Monarchie' ist ein Widerspruch in sich selbst, wogegen die Begriffe Königtum und Freiheit sehr wohl vereinbar sind. Anerkennung der vollen Glaubens- und Bekenntnisfreiheit. Die Einheit Deutschlands ist ohne den Weiterbestand Preußens undenkbar

The State of the University of Connecticut Health Center

Academic medical centers represent the integration of education, namely schools of medicine and dental medicine, research, often through a biomedical sciences graduate program, and a clinical experience, often supplied with an onsite hospital. These medical centers involve an intricate mix of individuals and personalities, making their operation a difficult and sometimes daunting task. The University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC) financial struggles have created a new opportunity, an affiliation with Hartford Healthcare, which will equip the UCHC with a major tertiary care University Hospital. This thesis intends to provide an analysis of the challenges and potential benefits of such a partnership. It is focused on the impact to the medical school’s academic mission and involves a comprehensive look at John Dempsey Hospital (JDH) finances, governance, and employee matters. The research concludes that such an affiliation is necessary to change the healthcare landscape of the region and transform the UCHC into a top medical driver of the Connecticut economy. It intends to show how the status quo is no longer an acceptable option.

Occupational beryllium exposure: Reconciling federal policies, regulations and contractor implementation guides to protect worker health

Beryllium is a widely distributed, highly toxic metal. When beryllium particulates enter the body, the body's defense mechanisms are engaged. When the body's defenses cannot easily remove the particulates, then a damage and repair cycle is initiated. This cycle produces chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a progressive, fibrotic respiratory involvement which eventually suffocates exposed individuals. ^ Beryllium disease is an occupational disease, and as such it can be prevented by limiting exposures. In the 1940s journalists reported beryllium deaths at Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) facilities, the Department of Energy's (DOE) predecessor organization. These reports energized public pressure for exposure limits, and in 1949 AEC implemented a 2 μg/m3 permissible exposure limit (PEL). ^ The limits appeared to stop acute disease. In contrast, CBD has a long latency period between exposure and diagnosable disease, between one and thirty years. The lack of immediate adverse health consequences masked the seriousness of chronic disease and pragmatically removed CBD from AEC/DOE's political concern. ^ Presently the PEL for beryllium at DOE sites remains at 2 μg/m 3. This limit does not prevent CBD. This conclusion has long been known, although denied until recently. In 1999 DOE acknowledged the limit's ineffectiveness in its federal regulation governing beryllium exposure, 10 CFR 850. ^ Despite this admission, the PEL has not been reduced. The beryllium manufacturer and AEC/DOE have a history of exerting efforts to maintain and protect the status quo. Primary amongst these efforts has been creation and promotion of disinformation within peer reviewed health literature which discusses beryllium, exposures, health effects and treatment, and targeting graduate school students so that their perspective is shaped early. ^ Once indoctrinated with incorrect information, professionals tend to overlook aerosol and respiratory mechanics, immunologic and carcinogenic factors. They then apply tools and perspectives derived from the beryllium manufacturer and DOE's propaganda. Conclusions drawn are incorrect. The result is: health research and associated policy is conducted with incorrect premises. Effective disease management practices are not implemented. ^ Public health protection requires recognition of the disinformation and its implications. When disinformation is identified, then effective health policies and practices can be developed and implemented. ^