Detection and Isolation of Simultaneous Additive and Parametric Faults in Nonlinear Stochastic Dynamical Systems

This paper presents a new fault detection and isolation scheme for dealing with simultaneous additive and parametric faults. The new design integrates a system for additive fault detection based on Castillo and Zufiria, 2009 and a new parametric fault detection and isolation scheme inspired in Munz and Zufiria, 2008 . It is shown that the so far existing schemes do not behave correctly when both additive and parametric faults occur simultaneously; to solve the problem a new integrated scheme is proposed. Computer simulation results are presented to confirm the theoretical studies.

New selective earth faults only current directional method for isolated neutral systems

In order to achieve total selectivity at electrical distribution networks it is of great importance to analyze the defect currents at ungrounded power systems. This information will help to grant selectivity at electrical distribution networks ensuring that only the defect line or feeder is removed from service. In the present work a new selective and directional protection method for ungrounded power systems is evaluated. The new method measures only defect currents to detect earth faults and works with a directional criterion to determine the line under faulty conditions. The main contribution of this new technique is that it can detect earth faults in outgoing lines at any type of substation avoiding the possible mismatch of traditional directional earth fault relays. This detection technique is based on the comparison of the direction of a reference current to the direction of all earth fault capacitive currents at all the feeders connected to the same bus bars. This new method has been validated through computer simulations. The results for the different cases studied are remarkable, proving total validity and usefulness of the new method.

Effectiveness for Ddtecting faults within and outside the scope of testing techniques: an independent replication

The verification and validation activity plays a fundamental role in improving software quality. Determining which the most effective techniques for carrying out this activity are has been an aspiration of experimental software engineering researchers for years. This paper reports a controlled experiment evaluating the effectiveness of two unit testing techniques (the functional testing technique known as equivalence partitioning (EP) and the control-flow structural testing technique known as branch testing (BT)). This experiment is a literal replication of Juristo et al. (2013).Both experiments serve the purpose of determining whether the effectiveness of BT and EP varies depending on whether or not the faults are visible for the technique (InScope or OutScope, respectively). We have used the materials, design and procedures of the original experiment, but in order to adapt the experiment to the context we have: (1) reduced the number of studied techniques from 3 to 2; (2) assigned subjects to experimental groups by means of stratified randomization to balance the influence of programming experience; (3) localized the experimental materials and (4) adapted the training duration. We ran the replication at the Escuela Politécnica del Ejército Sede Latacunga (ESPEL) as part of a software verification & validation course. The experimental subjects were 23 master?s degree students. EP is more effective than BT at detecting InScope faults. The session/program andgroup variables are found to have significant effects. BT is more effective than EP at detecting OutScope faults. The session/program and group variables have no effect in this case. The results of the replication and the original experiment are similar with respect to testing techniques. There are some inconsistencies with respect to the group factor. They can be explained by small sample effects. The results for the session/program factor are inconsistent for InScope faults.We believe that these differences are due to a combination of the fatigue effect and a technique x program interaction. Although we were able to reproduce the main effects, the changes to the design of the original experiment make it impossible to identify the causes of the discrepancies for sure. We believe that further replications closely resembling the original experiment should be conducted to improve our understanding of the phenomena under study.

Effectiveness for detecting faults within and outside the scope of testing techniques: an independent replication

The verification and validation activity plays a fundamental role in improving software quality. Determining which the most effective techniques for carrying out this activity are has been an aspiration of experimental software engineering researchers for years. This paper reports a controlled experiment evaluating the effectiveness of two unit testing techniques (the functional testing technique known as equivalence partitioning (EP) and the control-flow structural testing technique known as branch testing (BT)). This experiment is a literal replication of Juristo et al. (2013). Both experiments serve the purpose of determining whether the effectiveness of BT and EP varies depending on whether or not the faults are visible for the technique (InScope or OutScope, respectively). We have used the materials, design and procedures of the original experiment, but in order to adapt the experiment to the context we have: (1) reduced the number of studied techniques from 3 to 2; (2) assigned subjects to experimental groups by means of stratified randomization to balance the influence of programming experience; (3) localized the experimental materials and (4) adapted the training duration. We ran the replication at the Escuela Polite?cnica del Eje?rcito Sede Latacunga (ESPEL) as part of a software verification & validation course. The experimental subjects were 23 master?s degree students. EP is more effective than BT at detecting InScope faults. The session/program and group variables are found to have significant effects. BT is more effective than EP at detecting OutScope faults. The session/program and group variables have no effect in this case. The results of the replication and the original experiment are similar with respect to testing techniques. There are some inconsistencies with respect to the group factor. They can be explained by small sample effects. The results for the session/program factor are inconsistent for InScope faults. We believe that these differences are due to a combination of the fatigue effect and a technique x program interaction. Although we were able to reproduce the main effects, the changes to the design of the original experiment make it impossible to identify the causes of the discrepancies for sure. We believe that further replications closely resembling the original experiment should be conducted to improve our understanding of the phenomena under study.

Study of the behaviour of CFRDs founded on active faults

Study of the behaviour of CFRD (concrete face rockfill dams) founded on active faults. It is generally accepted that embankment dams founded on active faults exhibit good behaviour during the rupture of a fault, whereas concrete gravity dams may be more seriously affected if significant differential movements occur at their foundations. However, experience with CFRDs subjected to fault displacements at their foundation is limited and therefore it is important to analyse the likely response of CFRDs in such a scenario.

Identification and correction of besouro's faults: impact on test‐driven development experiments

Context. This thesis is framed in experimental software engineering. More concretely, it addresses the problems arisen when assessing process conformance in test-driven development experiments conducted by UPM's Experimental Software Engineering group. Process conformance was studied using the Eclipse's plug-in tool Besouro. It has been observed that Besouro does not work correctly in some circumstances. It creates doubts about the correction of the existing experimental data which render it useless. Aim. The main objective of this work is the identification and correction of Besouro's faults. A secondary goal is fixing the datasets already obtained in past experiments to the maximum possible extent. This way, existing experimental results could be used with confidence. Method. (1) Testing Besouro using different sequences of events (creation methods, assertions etc..) to identify the underlying faults. (2) Fix the code and (3) fix the datasets using code specially created for this purpose. Results. (1) We confirmed the existence of several fault in Besouro's code that affected to Test-First and Test-Last episode identification. These faults caused the incorrect identification of 20% of episodes. (2) We were able to fix Besouro's code. (3) The correction of existing datasets was possible, subjected to some restrictions (such us the impossibility of tracing code size increase to programming time. Conclusion. The results of past experiments dependent upon Besouro's data could no be trustable. We have the suspicion that more faults remain in Besouro's code, whose identification requires further analysis.

Mitotic Phosphorylation of Golgi Reassembly Stacking Protein 55 by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase ERK2

The role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)/extracellular-activated protein kinase (ERK) pathway in mitotic Golgi disassembly is controversial, in part because Golgi-localized targets have not been identified. We observed that Golgi reassembly stacking protein 55 (GRASP55) was phosphorylated in mitotic cells and extracts, generating a mitosis-specific phospho-epitope recognized by the MPM2 mAb. This phosphorylation was prevented by mutation of ERK consensus sites in GRASP55. GRASP55 mitotic phosphorylation was significantly reduced, both in vitro and in vivo, by treatment with U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MKK and thus ERK activation. Furthermore, ERK2 directly phosphorylated GRASP55 on the same residues that generated the MPM2 phospho-epitope. These results are the first demonstration of GRASP55 mitotic phosphorylation and indicate that the MKK/ERK pathway directly phosphorylates the Golgi during mitosis.

Slip complexity in dynamic models of earthquake faults.

We summarize recent evidence that models of earthquake faults with dynamically unstable friction laws but no externally imposed heterogeneities can exhibit slip complexity. Two models are described here. The first is a one-dimensional model with velocity-weakening stick-slip friction; the second is a two-dimensional elastodynamic model with slip-weakening friction. Both exhibit small-event complexity and chaotic sequences of large characteristic events. The large events in both models are composed of Heaton pulses. We argue that the key ingredients of these models are reasonably accurate representations of the properties of real faults.

Stable isotope ratios of interstitial fluids from ODP Leg 110 sites

Delta18O values of pore waters from the northern Barbados accretionary prism range from -0.3 to -3.6? and reflect pervasive reaction of volcanic ash to form smectite within the sedimentary sequence and continued low temperature alteration of basalt in the underlying ocean crust with the overprint of diffusive exchange between water in the sediment pores and the open ocean. Delta D values of pore waters in sediments sampled seaward of the deformation front drop from +5? at the sediment surface to -6? at the deepest levels sampled. These changes may also be related to alteration processes but remain largely enigmatic. Sediment deformation caused by impingement of the Caribbean plate on the Atlantic plate has instigated migration of chemically and isotopically distinct fluid along faults and coarse-grained sedimentary beds; delta18O values of pore waters are also locally affected by thrust stacking which increases diffusive pathlengths and possibly modifies diagenetic reaction rates in Pleistocene sediments. Migrating fluids are distinguished by anomalous delta18O values that are as much as 1? higher than those of surrounding fluids. Uncertainties in hydrogen isotope fractionation resulting from processes occurring under these conditions hinder identification of the hydrogen isotope composition of expelled fluid. Stable isotope analyses of pore waters help constrain the fluid migration history of the accretionary prism by limiting the source of fluids, the paths along which fluid flows, and the timing of faulting and subsequent fluid flow.

The faults of speech.: A self-corrector and teachers' manual.

Mode of access: Internet.

Conversation : its faults and its graces /

Includes index.

Faults.

Shipping list no.: 91-616-P.

Rudiments of gesture, comprising illustrations of common faults in attitude and action.

Plates engraved by D.C. Johnston.