911 resultados para psicologia e religião
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O propósito deste estudo foi estudar as percepções de sucesso que os professores da RAM têm em relação ao sucesso dos alunos, e analisar estas percepções tanto a nível das medidas de combate ao abandono escolar, como ao nível dos factores de sucesso escolar. Procurou-se também averiguar a associação dessas mesmas percepções em relação aos dados biográficos (género, grau académico, experiência profissional, nível de ensino, idade). A amostra foi constituída por 1056 professores, 340 do sexo masculino e 710 do sexo feminino (os restantes 6 foram omissos). As medidas para combater ou diminuir o abandono escolar e os factores e causas de sucesso foram determinadas através de um questionário que apresenta garantias de objectividade, validade e fidelidade. O tratamento estatístico incluiu uma análise descritiva e uma análise inferencial através do Teste do qui-quadrado, de forma a se encontrarem associações significativas entre as variáveis em estudo e a poder explicar a natureza dessas relações. Algumas das principais conclusões obtidas nesta pesquisa foram: 1) É possível identificar variáveis que influenciam significativamente as percepções dos professores sobre medidas para combater ou diminuir o abandono escolar, relacionadas com a família/encarregados de educação; 2) É possível identificar variáveis que influenciam significativamente as percepções dos professores sobre medidas para combater ou diminuir o abandono escolar relacionadas com os próprios professores; 3) É possível identificar variáveis que influenciam significativamente as percepções dos professores sobre medidas para combater ou diminuir o abandono escolar relacionadas com a estrutura, organização escolar e o meio envolvente; 4) possível identificar variáveis que influenciam significativamente as percepções dos professores sobre factores ou causas de sucesso escolar, relacionados com os alunos; 5) É possível identificar variáveis que influenciam significativamente as percepções dos professores sobre factores ou causas de sucesso escolar relacionados com a família/encarregados de educação; 6) É possível identificar variáveis que influenciam significativamente as percepções dos professores sobre factores ou causas de sucesso escolar relacionados com os professores; 7) É possível identificar variáveis que influenciam significativamente as percepções dos professores sobre factores ou causas de sucesso escolar relacionados com a estrutura/organização escolar e o contexto envolvente.
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Neste estudo analisa-se a infl uência do género, da família e dos Serviços de Orientação Vocacional na decisão de carreira. Participaram deste estudo 1930 alunos do 10º ao 12º anos, de escolas portuguesas, respondendo ao Questionário de Difi culdades de Tomada de Decisão e a outro de recolha de dados escolares e familiares. Mais de metade apresenta indecisão vocacional. Os resultados indicam uma infl uência positiva da família na tomada de decisão, e da Orientação Vocacional na prontidão da decisão. Os rapazes consideram a orientação vocacional mais útil, apresentam maior confi ança mas menos prontidão na decisão, recorrem menos aos pais, familiares e amigos, sendo mais infl uenciáveis. As raparigas apresentam-se mais inseguras e menos informadas. A partir dos resultados, apresentam-se recomendações para as práticas de orientação vocacional.
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As alterações estruturais e funcionais do envelhecimento com as quais o Homem se depara, fazem desse processo uma nova realidade, pois envelhecer é algo que não se pode evitar. É uma característica própria da condição humana que varia de pessoa para pessoa, influenciando o nosso organismo. É nosso propósito estudar e aprofundar as problemáticas associadas à sexualidade na terceira idade, nos indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais. A população sénior é capaz de continuar a exercer uma vida sexual ativa, pois a sexualidade não morre com o envelhecimento. Deste modo, a sexualidade é uma realidade inerente a todo o ser humano ao longo da vida. Tendo como objetivo melhor compreender as problemáticas da sexualidade na terceira idade, efetuamos um estudo de caso num Centro Comunitário da RAM, com o objetivo de verificarmos as perspetivas e vivências que a população sénior tem em relação à sua sexualidade bem como analisarmos se as variáveis sócio – demográficas (idade, estado civil, género, escolaridade e religião) influenciam as atitudes sexuais dos indivíduos com mais de 64 anos. Neste estudo aplicámos metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas. Porém, o inquérito por questionário constituiu-se como o principal instrumento, tendo sido aplicado aos seniores e aos profissionais (animadores e auxiliar de serviços gerais) do Centro Comunitário em estudo. Foi possível concluir que a maior parte dos inquiridos seniores possuem atitudes conservadoras face à sexualidade, na medida em que ao longo do estudo verificamos que o tema sexualidade, em geral foi tratado com pouca abertura por parte destes mesmos inquiridos e apresentam igualmente atitudes pessimistas em tudo que respeita à sexualidade na terceira idade.
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Purpose: assess the frequency of stress and anxiety levels in infertile women, correlate these aspects with risk factors and qualitatively analyze feelings resultant from the inability to conceive, in order to obtain data for specific psychological guidance. Methods: the case-control study included a total of 302 women, 152 being infertile (case group: 30.3 ± 5.4 years), and 150 non-fertile (control group: 25.7 ± 7.9 years). The quantitative approach involved the application of Lipp s Stress Symptoms Inventory (LSSI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), whereas the qualitative approach consisted of a semi-structured interview. Response variables considered were: stress frequency and anxiety scores (State and Trait). Statistical analysis compared frequencies and medians between groups, by means of qui-squared and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively, and constructed logistical regression models to test associations between response variables and risk factors considered. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively and categorized in order to perform correspondence analysis. The level of significance was 5%. Results: in the study sample, stress frequency was higher in the case group than in the control(61.8 and 36.0%, respectively), however, significant differences were not observed between groups in relation to stress phases and predominant symptomology type. With respect to anxiety, there were no significant differences between case and control groups as to median state scores [39.5 (35.0 46.0) and 41.0 (35.7 47.0 ); respectively) and anxiety trait scores [44.0 (34.0 51.0) and 42.0 (36.0 49.2); respectively). Risk factors significantly associated with greater risk for high anxiety scores in the case group were: primary infertility, unawareness of the causal factor, diagnostic phase investigation, religion, lack of children from other marriages and the fact that the woman was previously married. The qualitative approach demonstrated that infertility provokes emotional responses, such as sadness, anxiety, anger, fear and guilt. Conclusions: it can be concluded that infertile women are more vulnerable to stress; however, they are capable of adapting to stressful events without serious physical or psychological compromising
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This study investigated how the process of the constitution of the subject is interpreted in the formulations of the founders of socio-historical psychology (Lev S. Vigotski, Alexei N. Leontiev and Alexander R. Luria) and in the sociology of knowledge of Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. These two theoretical perspectives, despite having different philosophical formulations as ontological and epistemological intentions (socio-historical psychology, historical dialectical materialism; the sociology of Berger and Luckmann and phenomenology) arrive, however, at the same basic conclusion about the social nature of the subject. The objective of the study, therefore, was that of identifying the differences and convergences between the two perspectives and then, try to determine the possibility of a theoretical synthesis between them in relation to the constitution of the subject. At the same time, we intended to analyse the implications of this possible synthesis in order to comprehend the manner in which the ideology functions in human societies as thought by Louis Althusser and Alípio de Sousa Filho. We arrived at the conclusion that, despite being incompatible from the ontological and epistemological points of view, a synthesis is possible between socio-historical psychology and the sociology of knowledge of Berger and Luckmann in relation to the conception of society and the comprehension of the process of the constitution of the subject. Starting from the philosophical intentions of socio-historical psychology, it is possible to incorporate, enriching points such as: Berger s and Luckmann sconception of society and the interpretation of the process of constitution of the subject. This possible synthesis, when interpreted in light of the reflections of Althusser and Sousa Filho on the phenomenon of ideology in human societies, is constituted in a real unveiling of the concrete provisos by which the ideology acts in human societies in order to transform biological examples of the human species in specific social subjects
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The subject of this research is the spiritual religious field, connected with the local cultural perspectives. Its basis is the analysis of two spiritual groups settled in Natal/RN: The Spiritual Group Evangelho no Lar and the Spiritual Center Garimpeiros da Luz . These two groups represent a point of convergence of several sectors of this religion, either through its insertion in the local sphere or in contact to nationally influent leaders, like the mediums Francisco Cândido Xavier and Divaldo Pereira Franco. Then, it aims to reach the potiguar singularities in their spiritualism approaches, looking for an analyses to possible connections between local values and themes from the spiritualism largely developed in Brazil. So, its objective is to act in the scope of influence, references, representations and adaptive practices in a local context, and they signalize special practices . The approaches until now developed refer only to the living of a Brazilian spiritualism, perfectly developed in contact with the catholic substrate, but there s still a gap about the local observation, with its peculiarities, which its research aims to disclosure. The option for a qualitative approach, in perfect relationship with the nature of the questions which were made was considered as an appropriate way to guide the study. To reach this, it will be made an ethnography of the studied groups, not only in the use of open interviews with its members but also in the contact and observation of its religious behavior, for example: meeting for studies of the doctrine, mediunic meetings, public lectures, helping the public in general. As results of this research we can point to the delimitation of local cultural references, which are undeniable, in relation to the identification of RN personalities who are considered coordinators or active spirits in the work performed by the groups. Thus, Auta de Souza, poetess and woman of great religiosity, Augusto Severo de Albuquerque Maranhão, martyr of the aeronautics, Father João Maria, object of popular devotion and Abdias Antônio de Oliveira, ex president of the Spiritual Federation of RN, present themselves as spiritual beings who lead the adaptability to the local context. In such a context, we have to point out the work of mediums, who, having a specific charisma, interacted with the groups in the establishment of these cultural bridges already made in their own contexts (national level), through the work equally possible to be locally reproduced. This and other facts, point out to perspectives of cultural circularity , including referring to a greater linking to sub layers in a true zone that converges and has circulation between an erudite spiritualism with another one, turned to the incorporation of local and popular elements
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The study aims to discuss women in the priesthood pentecostalism evangelical. The role of women as agents of leadership in the religious sphere allows the discussion about the possibility of the universe as a religious area of significant changes with regard to a reduction in gender differences in the present. The participation of women as agents of leadership of churches Pentecostals is interpreted as a new option for women beyond the domestic space, however, want to clarify the existence and occurrence of on-imposed limitations and inserted in the hierarchy of female power of religious denominations, noting are fruits of a structure hierarquizante not thought of women, but from the male universe.
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This study aims to analyze the relationship between music and religion in Max Weber s life and work, in a perspective that combines its intellectual productions in Sociology, in religion and art subfields. We developed a research in order to revisit the concept of rationalization, present in Weberian thought, and also to discuss how music and religion, as distinct spheres of life, star conflicts and alliances and build particular attitudes of action in the world, having the appearance of a rationality based on calculation in a central position to understand the construction of musical technique in the West and the autonomy of aesthetic enjoyment from religious enjoyment, previously linked. Regarding the procedure analysis, we built a symbolic cartography, according to Santos (2000), from selected works of Max Weber, as Religious rejections in the world and their directions (1982), among others. With the activity, we identified similarities and differences between music and religion in the author thoughts. We consider that the studied dimensions are important in Weberian analysis of the constitution of modern society and its cultural system, showing two distinct approaches to the issue of rationalization in the West