The role of Lifelong Learning in the creation of a knowledge-based society for Europe: european policies

Link do editor: http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/role-lifelong-learning-creation-european/13314

Knowledge sharing and learning processes: case study of portuguese technological schools and higher education institutions

Paper to be presented at the ESREA Conference Learning to Change? The Role of Identity and Learning Careers in Adult Education, 7-8 December, 2006, Université Catholique Louvain, Louvain–la-Neuve, Belgium

The European challenge of KMN and innovation: a skills and competence portfolio for knowledge worker in SME's

Versão editor: http://www.isegi.unl.pt/docentes/acorreia/documentos/European_Challenge_KM_Innovation_2004.pdf

Knowledge magement: a rewarding challenge for SME's?

Paper presented at Information Resources Management Association International Conference, in Philadelphia (PA), 18-21 May 2003

Virtual communities of practice: examining the motivations and constraints in their knowledge creation and knowledge transfer preocesses

Paper accepted for the OKLC 2009 - International Conference on Organizational Learning, Knowledge and Capabilities (26-28th, April 2009, Amsterdam, the Netherlands).

Multiple-choice tests: a tool in assessing knowledge

The purpose of this paper is to analyse if Multiple-Choice Tests may be considered an interesting alternative for assessing knowledge, particularly in the Mathematics area, as opposed to the traditional methods, such as open questions exams. In this sense we illustrate some opinions of the researchers in this area. Often the perception of the people about the construction of this kind of exams is that they are easy to create. But it is not true! Construct well written tests it’s a hard work and needs writing ability from the teachers. Our proposal is analyse the construction difficulties of multiple - choice tests as well some advantages and limitations of this type of tests. We also show the frequent critics and worries, since the beginning of this objective format usage. Finally in this context some examples of Multiple-Choice Items in the Mathematics area are given, and we illustrate as how we can take advantage and improve this kind of tests.

Knowledge and technologies in innovative information systems

7th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems, MCIS 2012, Guimaraes, Portugal, September 8-10, 2012, Proceedings Series: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Vol. 129

The Role of lifelong learning in creation of a european knowledge-based society

The dominant discourse in education and training policies, at the turn of the millennium, was on lifelong learning (LLL) in the context of a knowledge-based society. As Green points (2002, pp. 611-612) several factors contribute to this global trend: The demographic change: In most advanced countries, the average age of the population is increasing, as people live longer; The effects of globalisation: Including both economic restructuring and cultural change which have impacts on the world of education; Global economic restructuring: Which causes, for example, a more intense demand for a higher order of skills; the intensified economic competition, forcing a wave of restructuring and creating enormous pressure to train and retrain the workforce In parallel, the “significance of the international division of labour cannot be underestimated for higher education”, as pointed out by Jarvis (1999, p. 250). This author goes on to argue that globalisation has exacerbated differentiation in the labour market, with the First World converting faster to a knowledge economy and a service society, while a great deal of the actual manufacturing is done elsewhere.

Organization knowledge management change from a complex adaptive systems perpective with ability for ambidexeterity

We are working on the confluence of knowledge management, organizational memory and emergent knowledge with the lens of complex adaptive systems. In order to be fundamentally sustainable organizations search for an adaptive need for managing ambidexterity of day-to-day work and innovation. An organization is an entity of a systemic nature, composed of groups of people who interact to achieve common objectives, making it necessary to capture, store and share interactions knowledge with the organization, this knowledge can be generated in intra-organizational or inter-organizational level. The organizations have organizational memory of knowledge of supported on the Information technology and systems. Each organization, especially in times of uncertainty and radical changes, to meet the demands of the environment, needs timely and sized knowledge on the basis of tacit and explicit. This sizing is a learning process resulting from the interaction that emerges from the relationship between the tacit and explicit knowledge and which we are framing within an approach of Complex Adaptive Systems. The use of complex adaptive systems for building the emerging interdependent relationship, will produce emergent knowledge that will improve the organization unique developing.

Knowledge extraction from medium voltage load diagrams to support the definition of electrical tariffs

With the electricity market liberalization, distribution and retail companies are looking for better market strategies based on adequate information upon the consumption patterns of its electricity customers. In this environment all consumers are free to choose their electricity supplier. A fair insight on the customer´s behaviour will permit the definition of specific contract aspects based on the different consumption patterns. In this paper Data Mining (DM) techniques are applied to electricity consumption data from a utility client’s database. To form the different customer´s classes, and find a set of representative consumption patterns, we have used the Two-Step algorithm which is a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Each consumer class will be represented by its load profile resulting from the clustering operation. Next, to characterize each consumer class a classification model will be constructed with the C5.0 classification algorithm.

Ontologies for reusing data cleaning knowledge

The emergence of new business models, namely, the establishment of partnerships between organizations, the chance that companies have of adding existing data on the web, especially in the semantic web, to their information, led to the emphasis on some problems existing in databases, particularly related to data quality. Poor data can result in loss of competitiveness of the organizations holding these data, and may even lead to their disappearance, since many of their decision-making processes are based on these data. For this reason, data cleaning is essential. Current approaches to solve these problems are closely linked to database schemas and specific domains. In order that data cleaning can be used in different repositories, it is necessary for computer systems to understand these data, i.e., an associated semantic is needed. The solution presented in this paper includes the use of ontologies: (i) for the specification of data cleaning operations and, (ii) as a way of solving the semantic heterogeneity problems of data stored in different sources. With data cleaning operations defined at a conceptual level and existing mappings between domain ontologies and an ontology that results from a database, they may be instantiated and proposed to the expert/specialist to be executed over that database, thus enabling their interoperability.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of mammography among women users of public health services

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice related to mammography among women users of local health services, identifying barriers to its performance. METHODS: A total of 663 women were interviewed at 13 local health centers in a city of Southeastern Brazil, in 2001. Interviewees were randomly selected at each center and they were representative from different socioeconomic conditions. The number of interviewees at each center was proportional to monthly mean appointments. For data analysis, answers were described as knowledge, attitude, practice and their respective adequacies and then they were correlated with control variables through the chi-square test. RESULTS: Only 7.4% of the interviewees had adequate knowledge on mammography, while 97.1% of women had an adequate attitude. The same was seen for the practice of mammography that was adequate in 35.7% of the cases. The main barrier to mammography was lack of referral by physicians working at the health center (81.8%). There was an association between adequacy of attitude and five years or more of education and being married. There was also an association between adequacy of mammography practice and being employed and family income up to four minimum wages. CONCLUSIONS: Women users of local health services had no adequate knowledge and practice related to mammography despite having an adequate attitude about this exam.

Curiosidades numéricas : O nascimento do zero

Neste artigo, vamos viajar no tempo e assistir ao nascimento do zero. (...) As origens da Matemática remontam a alguns milhares de anos antes das primeiras civilizações e derivaram da necessidade de contar objetos. Em primeiro lugar, foi necessário distinguir um objeto de muitos objetos (caçar um pássaro ou muitos pássaros). Com o passar do tempo, a linguagem desenvolveu-se para distinguir entre um, dois e muitos. Em seguida, um, dois, três e muitos. (...) O passo seguinte consistiu em agrupar objetos de forma a facilitar a contagem. (...) A verdade é que os antigos gostavam de contar com as partes do seu corpo. Os favoritos eram o 5 (uma mão), o 10 (as duas mãos) e o 20 (ambas as mãos e os pés). O sistema numérico de base 10 acabou por vingar em muitas culturas e isso refletiu-se no vocabulário que ainda hoje utilizamos. Em português, as palavras “onze”, “doze” e “treze” derivam do latim (undecim, duodecim e tredecim), significando “dez e um”, “dez e dois” e “dez e três”. (...) Os sistemas antigos de numeração não contemplaram o zero. A verdade é que ninguém precisava de registar “zero ovelhas” nem contar “zero aves”. Em vez de dizer “tenho zero lanças”, bastava afirmar “não tenho lanças”. Como não era preciso um número para expressar a falta de alguma coisa, não ocorreu a necessidade de atribuir um símbolo à ausência de objetos. (...) O sistema de numeração grego, tal como o egípcio, ignorou por completo o zero. O zero nasceu noutra zona do globo: no Oriente, concretamente, no Crescente Fértil do atual Iraque. O sistema de numeração babilónico era, de certa forma, invulgar. Os babilónios tinham um sistema sexagesimal, de base 60, e usavam apenas duas marcas para representar os seus números: uma cunha simples para representar o 1 e uma cunha dupla para representar o 10. (...) os babilónios tiveram uma excelente ideia: inventaram um sistema de numeração posicional, em que os números são representados por sequências de símbolos, sendo que o valor de cada símbolo depende da posição que ocupa nessa sequência. (...) Para os babilónios, o zero era um simples marca-lugar; um símbolo para uma casa em branco no ábaco. O zero não ocupava um lugar na hierarquia dos números; não tinha ainda assumido a sua posição estratégica na reta numérica como o número que separa os números positivos dos negativos. (...)

Curiosidades numéricas : Das origens do zero aos desafios do novo milénio

(...) Tal como os babilónios, os maias do México e da América Central criaram um sistema de numeração posicional. A diferença é que o sistema era vigesimal, de base 20. Os maias também recorriam ao zero para a escrita dos números e utilizavam dois tipos de dígitos (...) O sistema de numeração indiano acabou por evoluir de um sistema do tipo grego para um sistema do tipo babilónico (...) Os indianos encararam com naturalidade a existência de números negativos, bem como da reta numérica em que o zero assumia finalmente o estatuto de número com a posição estratégica de separar os números positivos dos negativos. (...) A própria palavra “zero” tem raízes hindu-árabes. O nome indiano para zero era sunya, que significava “vazio”. Os árabes transformaram-no em sifr. Por sua vez, os ocidentais adotaram uma designação que soasse a latim – zephirus, que é a raiz da nossa palavra “zero”. (...) No Ocidente, o medo do infinito e o horror ao vazio perpetuaram-se durante séculos. Partindo do universo pitagórico, Aristóteles e Ptolemeu defendiam um cosmos finito em extensão, mas cheio de matéria. O universo estava contido numa “casca de noz” revestida pela esfera das estrelas fixas. (...) A falta do zero não só impediu o desenvolvimento da Matemática no Ocidente como, indiretamente, introduziu alguma confusão no nosso calendário. Todos nos lembramos das dúvidas que surgiram com a viragem recente de século e milénio: deveríamos festejar a mudança de século e milénio na passagem de ano de 1999 para 2000 ou de 2000 para 2001? A resposta correta é a segunda opção e a justificação é simples: o nosso calendário não contempla o zero. (...) Com o Renascimento, o universo de casca de noz partiu-se, o vazio e o infinito ultrapassaram por completo os preconceitos da fundação aristotélica da Igreja e abriram caminho para um desenvolvimento notável da ciência e, em particular, da Matemática. O zero assumiu um papel chave no desenvolvimento de várias áreas da Matemática, entre elas destaca-se o cálculo diferencial e integral. O edifício matemático, que outrora tinha sido alicerçado partindo da necessidade de contar ovelhas e demarcar propriedades, erguia-se agora bem alto: as regras da Natureza podiam ser descritas por equações e a Matemática era a chave para desvendar os segredos do Universo. (...) O zero não pode ser ignorado. De facto, o zero está na base de muitos dos segredos do Universo, a desvendar neste novo milénio.

Public health and the knowledge industry

Knowledge plays an important role in health care. The production and diffusion of health-related knowledge are increasingly under the control of private commercial interests, which are characterized by conflicts of interests that result in abuses of power. Considerable research has been done on the medical-industrial complex and its role in the production of power imbalances and the consequent abuses, but little attention has been dedicated to the role played by the publishing industry, which can be subject to the same problems. The widely diffused idea that "frequent and major changes" occur in medicine, albeit unsupported by clearcut evidence, is an effective marketing tool for both the pharmaceutical and publishing industries, who feed and thrive on physicians' insecurities. The production and distribution of knowledge should be addressed as a strategic component of public health.