TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN RURAL EL SALVADOR

The attitude of school teachers toward inclusion of children with disabilities is an important factor in the successful implementation of a national inclusion program. With the universal pressure to provide education for all and international recognition of the importance of meeting the needs of diverse populations, inclusive education has become important to governments around the world. El Salvador’s Ministry of Education seeks to establish inclusion as an integral part of their struggle to meet the needs of children across the country, but this is a difficult process, especially for a country with limited resources which still struggles to meet international expectations of educational access and quality. Teacher attitude is an important factor in the success of inclusion programs and can be investigated in relation to various factors which may affect teachers’ classroom practice. While these factors have been investigated in multiple countries, there is a need for more knowledge of the present situation in developing countries and especially in schools across the rural areas of El Salvador to meet the needs of the diverse learners in that country. My research was a mixed methods case study of the rural schools of one municipality, using a published survey and interviews with teachers to investigate their attitudes regarding inclusion. This research was the first investigation of teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion in rural El Salvador and explored the needs and challenges which exist in creating inclusive schools across this country. The findings of this study revealed the following important themes. Some children with disabilities are not in school and those with mild disabilities are not always getting needed services. Teachers agreed with the philosophy of inclusion, but believed that some children with disabilities would receive a better education in special schools. They were not concerned about classroom management. Teachers desired more training on disability and inclusion. They believed that a lack of resources, including materials and personnel, was a major barrier to inclusion. Teachers’ attitudes were consistent regardless of family and professional experience with disability or amount of inclusion training. They were concerned about the role of family support for children with disabilities.

La mine d'alunite de Wenzhou : mémoires et stratégies de valorisation

lNTRODUCTION; This part is the general introduction of this thesis. The research subject, alunite mine of Wenzhou, has a history of more than 600 years. Not only in the history, has it still played an important role in the people's daily life of Fanshan Town. According to the legend, it was Qin Fu, a refugee, found the way of produce the alum totally by accident. However, we try to find out the real history of its mining and production of alum. ln fact, we have found some ancient documents concerning its history. Especially in the book « The chronicles of Wenzhou Fu of Hongzhi », we found some original information, such as the ancient method of mining and producing alum, etc. ln some other ancient documents, we found some important information, too. With such a long history, the alunite mine has held a lot of heritage, no matter tangible or intangible. Unfortunately, due to some reasons, the condition of the mine becomes worse and worse. ln studying his history, technology and the present situation, we intend to find some ways to solve the problems, and restart its development in other fields. Certainly, we should make a brief introduction of the alunite as well as the alum. The second part of the introduction concentrates in the uses of alum, providing an easier comprehension of this object.

Agrupamentos verticais: a interação dos professores do ensino básico

Dissertação de mest. em Observação e Análise da Relação Educativa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Contribuição para a valorização, geoconservação e gestão da jazida fossilífera de Cacela (Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, Algarve, Portugal)

Dissertação de mest. em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Diagnóstico e análise funcional da implementação do Sistema Pyxis no Serviço de Urgência do Hospital Espírito Santo- Évora

Atualmente, existe interesse em determinar o benefício ou contributo do estudo de um determinado tópico para a prática em enfermagem e melhoria do serviço ao utente, o que é percetível na necessidade detetada nessa prática de disponibilizar o medicamento no local adequado, na quantidade exigida e no tempo e gasto mínimos. Neste sentido, verifica-se que o Hospital do Espirito Santo Évora (HESE) adquiriu o sistema Pyxis em 2007 e, até à data, não foi implementado sem se perceber as razões para tal, quer sejam de natureza técnica quer de gestão, o que desperta o interesse no tratamento deste assunto e a relevância do tema. Assim, levanta-se a questão sobre as condições de implementação do Pyxis, o que se traduz num problema, para o qual se procura uma solução com uma metodologia adequada. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo preparar as condições para a implementação do Pyxis. Assim, pretende-se analisar a situação presente e identificar as necessidades de alteração e de ajustamento suportadas nas exigências e requisitos do sistema Pyxis, no que se refere à sua implementação. Em termos metodológicos, para prosseguir o objetivo antes referido, recorre-se ao diagnóstico interno, à descrição do Pyxis, para identificação das condições da sua implementação, à análise funcional e à elaboração do instrumento de inquérito através de questionário, para posterior aplicação. Os resultados obtidos permitem uma verificação dos requisitos e alterações, para a implementação do sistema Pyxis, bem como os benefícios associados a este sistema. Existe a evidência de que o sistema Pyxis é uma nova tecnologia que possibilita ao HESE a diminuição do tempo utilizado pela equipa de saúde no processo logístico de distribuição do medicamento e a melhoraria da qualidade através da diminuição de erro de medicação, sendo fundamental na qualidade dos cuidados de saúde a prestar aos utentes, o que é concordante com o enquadramento teórico efetuado

Las lenguas ístmicas: entre obsolescencia y resistencia

Se analiza la situación actual y perspectivas de estudio y protección de dos lenguas indígenas ístmicas, de la familia chibcha: el boruca y el guaymí. A su caracterización genealógica y estado de conservación, se añaden las experiencias realizadas a favor de su conservación: además, se formulan propuestas para estimular nuevos trabajos que fortalezcan ese patrimoniocultural y lingüístico regional.An analysis is conducted of the present situation and prospects for the study and protection of two Central American indigenous languages in the Chibcha family: Boruca and Guaymi. In addition to their genealogical characterization and their state of conservation, a description is provided of the efforts made to conserve them; proposals are also made to foment new research which could fortify this cultural and linguistic regional heritage.

Los desafíos de la agroindustria rural frente a la globalización

Los efectos positivos y negativos de la globalización sobre  el desarrollo de la agroindustria rural (AIR) obligan a un cuidadoso análisis sobre su situación actual y su evolución teniendo en cuenta los cambios del entorno económico, político y social. A partir de dos estudios de casos (queserías rurales de Perú y las parafinadoras de yuca en Costa Rica) realizamos una reflexión sobre el debate actual del rol que debe cumplir un sistema agroalimentario localizado (SIAL): permitir acceder a mercados globalizados o re-localizar actividades para aprovechar ventajas territoriales. Esta investigación muestra la importancia del desarrollo de una concentración de AIR para valoriza un producto tradicional con saber-hacer local y el éxito cuando se siguen dos etapas sucesivas: una re-localización de actividades y posteriormente la búsqueda de acceso en mercados globales.   ABSTRACT The positive and negative effects of globalization on the development of rural agroindustry (AIR) force an exhaustive analysis about their present situation and its evolution considering changes in economic, politic and social environment. From two cases of study (rural cheesemaker in Peru and the cassava “parafinadoras” in Costa Rica) we made an analysis of the discussion about the contribution of localized agrifood systems : to allow access to globalized markets or re-locate activities to take profit of territorial advantages. This article shows the importance of the development of AIR´s concentration for the valorizing of a traditional product with kwon-how and the success when two successive stages are followed: a re-location of activities and later, the search of access in global markets.

ANALYSIS OF GENDER RELATIONS IN THE INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY OF AGUIRRE, PUERTO RICO

This thesis is a study of the gender relations of the residents of Aguirre, Puerto Rico, between 1940 and 1991. The primary goal of the project was to explore how gender roles and relations in the Aguirre community were impacted by the social class system introduced by the Aguirre Sugar Company. This project was based on the interpretation of the past and present situation of the Aguirre community using oral history, by conducting a series of interviews among its residents. The interviews resulted in three main themes. First, the concepts of `normal and natural' were used to distinguish gender roles. Second, Aguirreños identified `family as community', since through the family individuals built their gender identity and learned the basic rules of coexistence within the social hierarchy of the community. Third, although the gender and class roles were clear in the community, `resistance and negotiation' occurred in the home and at the Company between those of different gender and social classes. The Aguirre Sugar Company was one of the principal influences on the construction of the Aguirreños identity, and left a mark on the past, present and future generations.

Artes visuais: uma análise da prática avaliativa dos professores nas escolas estaduais de Macapá-AP

Este trabalho analisa a prática avaliativa dos Professores de Artes Visuais nas Escolas de Macapá no Estado do Amapá. É uma resposta aos questionamentos. Trata-se de um estudo avaliativo, concebido com o objetivo de levar para professores, uma proposta inovadora, em termos de avaliação. O estudo está voltado para uma pedagogia de enfoque sociocultural, está sintonizado com o atual momento da educação brasileira, em que os educadores buscam formar alunos para a cidadania com uma visão critica do mundo que o cerca, visto que muitas discussões em torno do assunto Avaliação em Artes Visuais deram origem a esse documento significativo no âmbito educacional amapaense. ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the evaluation method of visual arts teachers in schools of Macapá in the State of Amapá. It is a response to questions. This is an evaluative study, designed with the goal of bringing to teachers, an innovative proposal in terms of evaluation. The study is directed toward pedagogy of cultural focus, is in tune with the present situation of Brazilian education, as educators seek to train students for citizenship with a critical view of the world around him, as many discussions on the subject evaluation Visual Arts led to this significant document in the educational Amapá.

Bridging natural and social sciences: a framework for identify strategies and actions for the conservation of biodiversity.

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most diverse areas in the world and considered a hotspot. Several actions are needed for its preservation, among them the implementation of the Biodiversity Corridors. The Atlantic Forest has three biodiversity corridors and the Rio de Janeiro State, which harbors huge species diversity, is in the Serra do Mar Corridor. We developed socioeconomic, political and environmental indicators to present conservation strategies supported by a wide database. These indicators complemented the previous surveys of priority areas which emphasized biotic elements, and their integration allowed the elaboration of strategies for the conservation and management, regionally directed, to support actions to be implemented by the Government. The analysis was done considering three subjects: Anthropic Pressure, Physical and Biotic State, and Present Ability of Response. Data analysis followed a synthesis-aggregation schedule and the resulting database was taken to a workshop, where specialists proposed strategies and actions for the conservation. These strategies were discussed considering vegetation remnant distribution, biological relevance, environmental vulnerability, kind of anthropic pressure in the region and potential for success of the actions proposed, based on the ability of response. Rio de Janeiro State is very diverse in biotic, physical, political, socioeconomic and cultural aspects which demand specific actions for each region. So, depending on the present situation of the natural and anthropic environments and on the present and future sources of degradation, regionally directed actions are applicable. This specificity in conservation actions will enable that the State remnants will be more successfully protected.

System innovation and life cycle thinking in packaging value chain: the circularity of plastics.

Compared to other, plastic materials have registered a strong acceleration in production and consumption during the last years. Despite the existence of waste management systems, plastic_based materials are still a pervasive presence in the environment, with negative consequences on marine ecosystem and human health. The recycling is still challenging due to the growing complexity of product design, the so-called overpackaging, the insufficient and inadequate recycling infrastructure, the weak market of recycled plastics and the high cost of waste treatment and disposal. The Circular economy package, the European Strategy for plastics in a circular economy and the recent European Green Deal include very ambitious programmes to rethink the entire plastic value chain. As regards packaging, all plastic packaging will have to be 100% recyclable (or reusable) and 55% recycled by 2030. Regions are consequently called upon to set up a robust plan able to fit the European objectives. It takes on greater importance in Emilia Romagna where the Packaging valley is located. This thesis supports the definition of a strategy aimed to establish an after-use plastics economy in the region. The PhD work has set the basis and the instruments to establish the so-called Circularity Strategy with the aim to turn about 92.000t of plastic waste into profitable secondary resources. System innovation, life cycle thinking and participative backcasting method have allowed to deeply analyse the current system, orientate the problem and explore sustainable solutions through a broad stakeholder participation. A material flow analysis, accompanied by a barrier analysis, has supported the identification of the gaps between the present situation and the 2030 scenario. Eco-design for and from recycling (and a mass _based recycling rate (based on the effective amount of plastic wastes turned into secondary plastics), valorized by a value_based indicator, are the key-points of the action plan.

Coyuntura monetaria internacional y la reforma del sistema = Present international monetary situation and the reform of the international monetary system

Incluye Bibliografía