Outdoor portrait of Jenny Gutman (left) and Erna Strasburger with unidentified young boy Portraits Groups

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Factors influencing the outdoor concentration of carbonaceous aerosols at urban schools in Brisbane, Australia: implications for children’s exposure

This comprehensive study aimed to determine the sources and driving factors of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in ambient PM2.5 in urban schools. Sampling was conducted outdoors at 25 schools in the Brisbane Metropolitan Area, Australia. Concentrations of primary and secondary OC were quantified using the EC tracer method, with secondary OC accounting for an average of 60%. Principal component analysis distinguished the contributing sources above the background and identified groups of schools with differing levels of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols. Overall, the results showed that vehicle emissions, local weather conditions and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) were the key factors influencing concentrations of carbonaceous component of PM2.5 at these schools. These results provide insights into children’s exposure to vehicle emissions and SOA at such urban schools.

Mr. and Mrs. Fuerst Berlin, Hans Frankenbach, Wronker Slogau? and Lilienthal Berlin seated at an outdoor table; Brambach, Germany Portraits Goups

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Willy Tese Moses and others seated at an outdoor table; Chile Portraits Groups

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Outdoor portrait of Hans Frankenbach (right) with unidentified boy Portraits Children

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Outdoor portrait of Ellen Bernkopf nee Catzenstein with her husband Hans Bernkopf; Paris, France. Portraits Couples

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Outdoor portrait of Peter Molling and Andree Molling nee Baer; Geneva, Switzerland.

Peter Molling (1924-1965) and Andree Mollling born Baer on the occasion of their engagement in Geneva, Switzerland in 1950

Outdoor family portrait after the memorial services for Therese Godshaw nee Molling at Hal Godshaws house; Argonne Drive, Kenmore, New York.

Front row from left to right: Robert Godshaw, Wendy Godshaw, Rosel Pick (Anne Godshaw's mother), Debbie Godshaw born Mariner, Hal Godshaaw, Francis Schlosstein; 2nd row from left to right: David Dysert, Mickey Sloan born McMath, Edith Godshaw nee Osterer, baby (probably Gary Godshaw), Anne Godshaw born Pick, Julius Pick (Anne's father), Ursula Schlosstein born Gottschalk, Elizabeth Krakauer nee Gottschalk, Michael Godshaw; back row from left to right: Charles (Karl-Hermann Solomon) Sloan, Gerald Godshaw (partially hidden), unknown (probably Peter Godshaw), Kurt Godshaw, John Krakauer, Donald Godshaw, Tom Krakauer, Ralph Schlosstein, John Schlosstein.

Outdoor family portrait after the memorial services for Therese Godshaw nee Molling at Hal Godshaws house; Argonne Drive, Kenmore, New York.

Front row from left to right: Robert Godshaw, Wendy Godshaw, Rosel Pick (Anne Godshaw's mother), Debbie Godshaw born Mariner, Hal Godshaaw, Francis Schlosstein; 2nd row from left to right: David Dysert, Mickey Sloan born McMath, Edith Godshaw nee Osterer, baby (probably Gary Godshaw), Anne Godshaw born Pick, Julius Pick (Anne's father), Ursula Schlosstein born Gottschalk, Elizabeth Krakauer nee Gottschalk, Michael Godshaw; back row from left to right: Charlie Sloan, Gerald Godshaw (partially hidden), unknown, Kurt Godshaw, John Krakauer, Donald Godshaw, Tom Krakauer, Ralph Schlosstein, John Schlosstein.

Leo Catzenstein seated on an outdoor bench Portraits Men

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Outdoor group portrait of Marga Abel, Franzche Wolf, Miss Mahler, Margot Frank and Else Hirschfeld; Bad Kissingen Portraits Groups Women

Handwritten caption: Wir tragen nur Bemberg-Seidenstruempfe! (We wear only Bemberg silk stockings!)

Grete Baum nee Dublon standing on an outdoor path Portraits Women

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Isidor Simon seated at an outdoor table with his wife Friederike nee Falkenburg and two grandchildren, Helmuth and Walther Simon Portraits Family

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Artist Rafaello Busoni with an unidentified man at an outdoor cafe getting his shoes shined.

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Outdoor portrait of Emil Preetorius, Erich von Kahler and Friedrich Gundolf.

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