Uso de álcool e anfetaminas entre caminhoneiros de estrada

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a incidência do uso de álcool e anfetaminas entre caminhoneiros de estrada. Foram estudados 91 sujeitos, abordados em um posto de combustíveis em Passos, MG, em novembro de 2005. Os dados dos participantes foram obtidos por meio de um questionário contendo 19 questões de múltipla escolha. Utilizou-se para a análise dos dados estatística descritiva, teste do qui-quadrado e o coeficiente de correlação de Cramér. Os resultados indicaram que 66% dos caminhoneiros usavam anfetaminas durante os percursos de viagens, principalmente em postos de combustíveis (54%) à beira das rodovias. O álcool era utilizado por 91% deles, dos quais 43% consumiam a bebida nos postos de combustíveis. Concluiu-se que há a necessidade de campanhas preventivas e informativas voltadas para esta categoria profissional nos postos de combustíveis e empresas de transportes, alertando sobre os riscos de ingestão dessas substâncias no período de trabalho.

Influence of ceramic surface conditioning and resin cements on microtensile bond strength to a glass ceramic

Statement of problem. It is not clear how different glass ceramic surface pretreatments influence the bonding capacity of various luting agents to these surfaces.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (mu TBS) of 3 resin cements to a lithia disilicate-based ceramic submitted to 2 surface conditioning treatments.Material and methods. Eighteen 5 X 6 X 8-mm ceramic (IPS Empress 2) blocks were fabricated according to manufacturer's instructions and duplicated in composite resin (Tetric Ceram). Ceramic blocks were polished and divided into 2 groups (n=9/treatment): no conditioning (no-conditioning/control), or 5% hydrofluoric acid etching for 20 seconds and silanization for 1 minute (HF + SIL). Ceramic blocks were cemented to the composite resin blocks with I self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX Unicem) or 1 of 2 resin-based luting agents (Multilink or Panavia F), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The composite resin-ceramic blocks were stored in humidity at 37 degrees C for 7 days and serially sectioned to produce 25 beam specimens per group with a 1.0-mm(2) cross-sectional area. Specimens were thermal cycled (5000 cycles, 5 degrees C-55 degrees C) and tested in tension at 1 mm/min. Microtensile bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparisons tests (alpha=.05). Fractured specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope (X40) and classified as adhesive, mixed, or cohesive.Results. The surface conditioning factor was significant (HF+SIL > no-conditioning) (P<.0001). Considering the unconditioned groups, the mu TBS of RelyX Unicem was significantly higher (9.6 +/- 1.9) than that of Multilink (6.2 +/- 1.2) and Panavia F (7.4 +/- 1.9). Previous etching and silanization yielded statistically higher mu TBS values for RelyX Unicem (18.8 +/- 3.5) and Multilink (17.4 +/- 3.0) when compared to Panavia F (15.7 +/- 3.8). Spontaneous debonding after thermal cycling was detected when luting agents were applied to untreated ceramic surfaces.Conclusion. Etching and silanization treatments appear to be crucial for resin bonding to a lithia disilicate-based ceramic, regardless of the resin cement used.

Combining artificial intelligence and human problem solving: Proposing a new architecture for ITS's

This paper shows a comparative study between the Artificial Intelligence Problem Solving and the Human Problem Solving. The study is based on the solution by many ways of problems proposed via multiple-choice questions. General techniques used by humans to solve this kind of problems are grouped in blocks and each block is divided in steps. A new architecture for ITS - Intelligent Tutoring System is proposed to support experts' knowledge representation and novices' activities. Problems are represented by a text and feasible answers with particular meaning and form, to be rigorously analyzed by the solver to find the right one. Paths through a conceptual space of states represent each right solution.

Não-preferência para alimentação de traça-das-crucíferas por genótipos de couve-flor

The feeding nonpreference of Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae was tested in regard to the cauliflower genotypes Barcelona, Verona, Piracicaba Precoce, Sharon, Silver Streak (hybrids) and Teresopolis Gigante (cultivar). Choice and no-choice tests were carried out at the laboratories of the Departamento de Fitossanidade, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, Brazil, to study attractiveness and dry mass consumption by 1st-instar (just hatched) and 4th-instar larvae for 24 hours. No significant difference was found for attractiveness in choice and no-choice tests, for both 1st-and 4th-instar larvae. The consumption of dry mass in both tests, with 1st-and 4th-instar larvae, showed a significant difference between genotypes only for 1st-instar larvae, the hybrid Silver Streak being the most consumed (3.72 mg) by P. xylostella larvae. The cauliflower genotypes tested presented no variation in attractiveness for 1st-instar (just hatched) and 4th-instar larvae and did not present nonpreference feeding resistance for P. xylostella larvae.

Characterization of antibiosis and antixenosis to the whitefly silverleaf Bemisia tabaci B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in several squash varieties

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência de cultivares de batata-doce resistentes e suscetíveis a Euscepes postfasciatus fairmaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) sobre o parasitismo, sobrevivência e a biologia de Catolaccus grandis burks (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

The influence of four resistant and two susceptible genotypes of sweet potato to Euscepes postfasciatus Fairmaire on parasitism and biology of Catolaccus grandis Burks were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Six sweet potato roots of each genotype were infested with E. postfasciatus adults during 40 days. After this period the larvae were taken, weighted and encapsulated in parafilm. Five larvae were offered in free choice and no choice tests to C. grandis pregnant females for 12h. Five replications were used. The parasitized larvae and the eggs of the parasitoid were counted. Three daily observations were made to determine the developmental time of phases and parasitoid survival. C. grandis females can distinguish E. postfasciatus larvae reared on susceptible and resistant roots, prefering to parasitize larvae reared on susceptible roots. C. grandis survival was higher when the parasitoid was reared on larvae originated from susceptible roots and the number of emerged females was higher on larvae reared on hosts originated from susceptible roots.

Effects of dentin collagen removal on microleakage of bonded restorations

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of removing dentin collagen exposed by acid etching on the microleakage of bonded restorations with and without flowable composite application and submitted to thermocycling and long-term water storage. Materials and Methods: Standardized Class V cavities were prepared in 180 bovine incisors. They were randomly assigned to three groups according to the adhesive technique used. Conventional group (C): Single Bond was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and Z250 composite was placed. Hypochlorite group (H): After acid etching a 10% NaOCl aqueous solution was applied for 1 min, then Single Bond and Z250 were applied. Hypochlorite and Flowable group (HF): Similar to group H, but following adhesive application, a thin layer of Natural Flow flowable composite was applied before the Z250. Each group was divided into three subgroups (0, 6, 12), which remained immersed in distilled water for 24 h or 6 or 12 months and underwent 500, 1500 or 2500 thermal cycles, respectively. At the end of each storage time, the specimes were stained with silver nitrate, decalcified, immersed in methyl salicylate for clearing and observed under a stereomicroscope to determine microleakage (scores 0 to 4). The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Multiple Comparison Tests (α = 0.05). Results: After 12 months, every group showed significant increases in microleakage. There was no significant difference between Groups H and HF for the three different periods of time, but they showed statistically less microleakage than Group C. Conclusion: The removal of dentinal collagen reduced the marginal microleakage when compared to the conventional technique. The use of the flowable composite did not produce significant effects. No technique was completely effective in preventing microleakage.

Fatores que afetam a oviposição de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) na cultura algodoeira

The objective of this work was to evaluate the oviposition behavior of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B in relation to leaf position, plant age, and adult density on cotton plants. The genotype IAC 22 was used to do the tests. In free-choice tests, 20, 30 and 40 day-old plants were used to evaluate age efects and 40 day-old plants to study egg distribution in the plant and on the leaf surface. In a no-choice test, 20 day-old plants were used to evaluate densities of 50, 100 and 150 adults per plant. The lobe areas on the leaf surface and apical leaves were preferred for whitefly egg laying and therefore more suitable for egg sampling in cotton plants. The 20 day-old plants were preferred for oviposition, and the densities of 100 and 150 adults per plant ensured the number of eggs enough to discriminate cotton genotypes with different whitefly resistance degrees.

Tele-education environment and didactic iconography in sexual transmitted diseases

The field of advertising has developed techniques of mass communication and rapid transmission of information. Among these techniques are slogans and iconographies. This work used such tools for educational purposes and was divided into three modules. Module 1 evaluated the use of simplified textual communication (slogans) about the subject Sexually Transmitted Diseases. It was applied to third-year medical students, which had not taken the course on this theme. To evaluate the impact of the textual communication form (slogans), long phrases were elaborated in scientific language containing 15 topics. From these long phrases, compact phrases were developed using techniques of the advertising area for elaboration of slogans. Three forms of didactic material about that theme were developed. The first form consisted of long phrases in descriptive topics, using scientific language. The second was constituted exclusively of compact phrases in the form of slogans, and the third was composed of the combination of the two previous forms. Then, 10 multiple-choice questions were elaborated and applied in two phases. In the first phase, application occurred immediately after the reading of didactic texts; in the second phase, it happened 60 days after the reading. For statistical analysis, Snedcor's F test was used for analysis of variance, at 5% significance level. There was an increase in memorization by students who read the material containing the association between long phrases and slogans, which indicates that the latter, when used as an auxiliary model of learning, can bring significant benefits for education. Module 2 consisted of analyzing the elaboration of educational videos produced in graphic computing (called iconographies) for development of dynamic communication means. The theme Hair Cycle was utilized. Viability of high quantities of information in few minutes of animation could be demonstrated together with the advantage of presenting the process in a dynamic form without wasting scientific details. Module 3 presented the inclusion of slogans in educational videos produced in graphic computing about the Hair Cycle, showing a new tool for rapid and efficient transference of data. Slogans and iconographies, when utilized in educational material, can bring significant benefits for the student's learning.

Conhecimento de estudantes de medicina sobre o processo de doacção de córneas

Purpose: To compare knowledge of medical students about the cornea donation process among those who already studied Ophthalmology and the others. Methods: A questionnaire containing data as: age, sex, graduation year, and 10 multiple-choice questions about the subject was applied to medical students from the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil. The questions were: age for donation, contraindication for transplants, the time limit to remove the cornea, among others. The knowledge regarding cornea donation was compared between the two groups: students who already studied Ophthalmology (Group A) and the others (Group B). Results: The study group was composed of 402 students, of whom 140 were of group A and 262 of group B. Knowledge between the two groups was different, but not statistically significant (p=0.8328). Conclusion: Knowledge about the cornea donation process among the interviewed seemed to be insufficient, even those who had studied Ophthalmology. Information and education about transplants in Medical Schools should be improved.

Attractiveness and oviposition preference of Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore in Eucalyptus spp.

The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was first recorded in Brazil in 2003 and since then has caused serious damage in Eucalyptus forests. The damage is mainly due to defoliation, sooty mold and dieback, thus requiring the development of efficient management strategies. The settling and ovipositional preference of G. brimblecombei by species and clones of Eucalyptus were evaluated in free- and no-choice tests. Preliminary tests were done to determine the density of psyllid couples that produced the greatest densities of eggs, leaf position selection for oviposition, and whether oviposition was affected by preimaginal conditioning. Apical leaves were used more frequently for oviposition by the psyllid, and the number of eggs decreased from the apex to the base. The densities of 10 and 15 psyllid couples per seedling produced the highest oviposition. There was no evidence of preimaginal conditioning. In the free-choice test, E. grandis, E. urophylla, VM-1, I-144, C-219 and H-13 were less attractive to G. brimblecombei adults, with H-13, E. grandis and E. urophylla having the least oviposition. In the no-choice test, E. urophylla, GG-100 and E. grandis also demonstrated a lower oviposition, but E. camaldulensis and 3025 were highly susceptible. The low preference for the genotypes E. grandis and E. urophylla suggests the occurrence of a non-preference type resistance against the red gum lerp psyllid. Our results can be utilized for the development of management programs for G. brimblecombei in Eucalyptus forests. © 2012 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.

Efeito de cultivares de repolho e doses de extrato aquoso de nim na alimentação e biologia de Plutella xylostella (linnaeus) (lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

The isolated and associated effects of cabbage cultivars Ruby Ball and Chato de Quintal and aqueous extract of seeds of fruits of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) were evaluated in the concentrations of 5 and 10% on Plutella xylostella (L.) attractiveness, feeding and development. In free-choice no-preference for feeding test, leaf discs of each treatment were placed in Petri dishes where three caterpillars/treatment were released while in no-choice test two caterpillars were placed in Petri dishes with one leaf disc in each dish. In the biology test, neonate larvae were transferred to Petri dishes in the proportion of one per dish, whereas the biological parameters were evaluated: larvae mortality after 1, 3 and 5 days; pupae mortality; total mortality; six day-old larvae weight; 24 hour-old pupae; and adult longevity. Cultivar Ruby Ball showed lower attractiveness to the caterpillars in free-choice test. Neem extract in both concentrations was repellent to the caterpillars in free-choice test. There were no differences in the dry mass consumed by the caterpillars in free-choice and no-choice tests. There were no differences in larval, pupal and total mortality between the cultivars. Both doses of neem extract were equally efficient in the mortality of the diamondback moth. There were no differences in caterpillars and pupae weight and in the longevity of the adults of P. xyostella between the cultivars.

Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on periodontally infected tooth sockets in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in alveolar treatment of areas with induced periodontitis. Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to ligature-induced periodontal disease (PD) in the first left inferior molars, while the right side molars did not receive ligatures. After 7 days of PD evolution, ligatures were removed from the left side, and the first left and right mandibular molars were extracted. Afterwards, animals were divided into groups according to the following treatments: control (C)-no treatment; mechanical debridement (MD)-mechanical debridement and irrigation with saline solution; and aPDT-mechanical debridement, irrigation with toluidine blue O (TBO), and 1 min of laser irradiation (GaAlAs, 660 nm, 30 mW, 32 J/cm2, 60 s). Ligatures were removed and samples of the alveolar content after extraction and after each treatment were collected for microbial processing by real-time polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by multiple comparison tests (McNemar test; p < 0.05). T. denticola was not found in the collected samples. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were found in ligature samples. Tooth socket samples without periodontitis induction presented lesser microbial charge than samples with induced periodontitis (p < 0.05). aPDT significantly reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans levels on the left side (p < 0.05). It was concluded that aPDT was an effective antimicrobial treatment for tooth sockets in areas affected by induced periodontitis. © 2013 Springer-Verlag London.

A construção de sentidos na avaliação de múltipla escolha do SARESP

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Análise do perfil socioeconômico e profissional de manipuladores de alimentos participantes de um programa de capacitação em boas práticas de fabricação, no município de Araraquara, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)