Mixing-demixing in a trapped degenerate fermion-fermion mixture

We use a time-dependent dynamical mean-field-hydrodynamic model to study mixing-demixing in a degenerate fermion-fermion mixture (DFFM). It is demonstrated that with the increase of interspecies repulsion and/or trapping frequencies, a mixed state of a DFFM could turn into a fully demixed state in both three-dimensional spherically symmetric as well as quasi-one-dimensional configurations. Such a demixed state of a DFFM could be experimentally realized by varying an external magnetic field near a fermion-fermion Feshbach resonance, which will result in an increase of interspecies fermion-fermion repulsion, and/or by increasing the external trap frequencies. © 2006 The American Physical Society.

Distribuição de cladóceros planctônicos (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) em um reservatório eutrófico raso (Paraná, Brasil)

This study focused the spatial and temporal distribution of the composition, abundance, and diversity of planktonic cladocerans from eutrophic, Iraí Reservoir, as well as their relationships with some biotic and abiotic variables. The tested hypothesis was that cladocerans present higher variation in a temporal than in a spatial scale. The samples were taken monthly in 6 stations, from March/02 to July/03. Twenty-four taxa were identified, distributed in 7 families, the richest families being Daphniidae (6 spp.), Chydoridae (6 spp.), and Bosminidae (5 spp.). The most frequent and abundant species were Bosmina hagmanni, Moina minuta, and Ceriodaphnia cornuta. The highest abundances were found in September/2002. Temporally, rainfall influenced organism's distribution, while spatially cladocerans were more affected by reservoir hydrodynamics and wind action. The low species richness could be a reflection of the trophic state of the reservoir, in which a dominance of Cyanobacteria was observed during that study period. Both scales showed high variation, but only the temporal scale showed significant difference to richness and abundance. Nearby the end of this study, higher stable values of species richness were recorded, which could suggest an increase in the water quality due to des-pollutions actions.

Interaction between wave and coastal structure: Validation of two lagrangian numerical models with experimental results marine 2011

Numerical modeling of the interaction among waves and coastal structures is a challenge due to the many nonlinear phenomena involved, such as, wave propagation, wave transformation with water depth, interaction among incident and reflected waves, run-up / run-down and wave overtopping. Numerical models based on Lagrangian formulation, like SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics), allow simulating complex free surface flows. The validation of these numerical models is essential, but comparing numerical results with experimental data is not an easy task. In the present paper, two SPH numerical models, SPHysics LNEC and SPH UNESP, are validated comparing the numerical results of waves interacting with a vertical breakwater, with data obtained in physical model tests made in one of the LNEC's flume. To achieve this validation, the experimental set-up is determined to be compatible with the Characteristics of the numerical models. Therefore, the flume dimensions are exactly the same for numerical and physical model and incident wave characteristics are identical, which allows determining the accuracy of the numerical models, particularly regarding two complex phenomena: wave-breaking and impact loads on the breakwater. It is shown that partial renormalization, i.e. renormalization applied only for particles near the structure, seems to be a promising compromise and an original method that allows simultaneously propagating waves, without diffusion, and modeling accurately the pressure field near the structure.

Estimativa de alguns parâmetros de transporte de contaminantes para solos Brasileiros

This paper introduces an indirect estimate for the coefficients of distribution, hydrodynamic dispersion and retardation for contaminants commonly encountered in sanitary landfills and their liners, such as Cu2+ and K+; this estimate is based on the relationship between concentration and certain physical characteristics of typical Brazilian soils. The results of previous studies investigating the migration of contaminants were used to develop mathematical expressions from multiple non-linear regressions. Using minimal squares regression, this transport was linked to various combinations of contaminant concentration and both structural and textural characteristics of the porous medium. Various combinations of characteristics and concentrations were investigated, with a mathematical expression obtained for each. The relationship between percentage of clay and the contaminant content proved to be the most closely correlated with actual transport parameters, with coefficients close to one.

Thermal denaturation and aggregation of hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus in acid and neutral media

The thermal denaturation and aggregation of the HbGp, in the oxy- and cyanomet-forms, was investigated by DSC, AUC, DLS, optical absorption and CD, in the pH range from 5.0 to 7.0. Oxy-HbGp has a denaturation process partially reversible and dependent on the temperature. DSC melting curve is characterized by a single peak with Tc value of 333.4±0.2K for oxy-HbGp, while two peaks with Tc values of 332.2±0.1 and 338.4±0.2K are observed for cyanomet-HbGp, at pH 7.0. In acidic pH oxy- and cyanomet-HbGp are more stable showing higher Tc values and aggregation. AUC data show that, HbGp, at pH 7.0, upon denaturation, remains undissociated at 323K, presenting oligomeric dissociation at 333 (12±3% of tetramer and 88±5% of whole HbGp) and 343K (70±5% of monomer and 30±2% of trimer). DLS data show that the lag period before aggregation is dependent on the temperature and HbGp concentration. Optical absorption and CD results show that the increase of temperature leads to the oxy-HbGp oxidation and aggregation, above 331K, in acidic pH. CD data, for HbGp, present a greater thermal stability in acid medium than at neutral pH, with similar Tc values for both oxidation forms. Our data are consistent with previous studies and represents an advance in understanding the thermal stability of oligomeric HbGp structure. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Hydrostatic and [001] uniaxial pressure on anatase TiO2 by periodic B3LYP-D* calculations

The effect of high hydrostatic and [001] uniaxial pressures on TiO 2 anatase was studied under the framework of periodic calculations with the inclusion of DFT-D2 dispersion potential adjusted for this system (B3LYP-D*). The role of dispersion in distorted unit cells was evaluated in terms of lattice parameters, elastic constants, equation of state, vibrational properties, and electronic properties (band structure and density of states). A more reliable description at high pressures was achieved because the B3LYP-D* presented an improvement in all properties for undistorted bulk over conventional B3LYP and B3LYP-D. From density of states analysis, we observed that the contribution of crystalline orbitals to the edge of valence and conduction bands changed within applied pressure. The studied distortions can give some insight into behavior of electronic and structural properties due to local stress in anatase bulk from doping, defects, and physical tensions in nanometric forms. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Comparison of the population biology of Epialtus bituberculatus from two rocky shores with distinct hydrodynamic patterns

The population biology of Epialtus bituberculatus was compared between two different intertidal localities with differing levels of wave exposure. Sampling was conducted monthly between January and December, 2001 on seaweed banks of Sargassum cymosum in the intertidal zone of the rocky shores Grande (GR) (23°23′S-45°03′W) and Domingas Dias (DD) (23°29′S-45°08′W). Four hundred and twenty-eight crabs were captured at the GR site: 111 juvenile males, 106 adult males, 57 juvenile females, 17 adult females and 137 ovigerous females; while 455 specimens were obtained at the DD site: 76 juvenile males, 113 adult males, 37 juvenile females, 40 adult females and 189 ovigerous females. The population from GR showed a non-normal distribution and from DD a normal distribution. The sex-ratio (female/male) was 1:0.97 at GR (χ2 = 0.77, P = 0.084), whereas it was 1:1.41 at DD (χ2 = 13.03, P < 0.001). The largest individuals occurred at DD (U = 78249.0, P < 0.001). The estimated size at sexual maturity was 6.3 and 5.0 mm carapace width (CW) for males, and 5.4 and 5.2 mm CW for females, from GR and DD, respectively. The observed differences in E. bituberculatus between the studied localities might be explained by the different degrees of wave exposure between sites. However, other factors that might also explain the observed differences (e.g. temperature, salinity and food availability) cannot be discarded as relevant in influencing the population structure between sites herein studied. © 2012 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

Qualidade de dados fluviométricos obtidos através de perfilamento acústico

Acoustic Doppler current profilers are currently the main option for flow measurement and hydrodynamic monitoring of streams, replacing traditional methods. The spread of such equipment is mainly due to their operational advantages ranging from speed measurement to the greatest detail and amount of information generated about the hydrodynamics of hydrometric sections. As in the use of traditional methods and equipments, the use of acoustic Doppler profilers should be guided by the pursuit of data quality, since these are the basis for project and management of water resources constructions and systems. In this sense, the paper presents an analysis of measurement uncertainties of a hydrometric campaign held in Sapucaí River (Piranguinho-MG), using two different Doppler profilers - a Rio Grande ADCP 1200 kHz and a Qmetrix Qliner. 10 measurements were performed with each equipment consecutively, following the literature quality protocols, and later, a Type A uncertainty analysis (statistical analysis of several independent observations of the input under the same conditions). The measurements of the ADCP and Qliner presented, respectively, standard uncertainties of 0.679% and 0.508% compared with the averages. These results are satisfactory and acceptable when compared to references in the literature, indicating that the use of Doppler profilers is valid for expansion and upgrade of streamflow measurement networks and generation of hydrological data.

Spray Nozzles, Pressures, Additives and Stirring Time on Viability and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) for Greenhouses

The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Three different models of spray nozzles with air induction (AI 11003, TTI 11003 and AD-IA 11004), three spray pressures (207, 413 and 720 kPa), four different additives for tank mixtures (cane molasses, mineral oil, vegetable oil and glycerin) and the influence of tank mixture stirring time were all evaluated for their effect on EPN (Steinernema feltiae) viability and pathogenicity. The different nozzles, at pressures of up to 620 kPa, were found to be compatible with S. feltiae. Vegetable oil, mineral oil and molasses were found to be compatible adjuvants for S. feltiae, and stirring in a motorized backpack sprayer for 30 minutes did not impact the viability or pathogenicity of this nematode. Appropriate techniques for the application of nematodes with backpack sprayers are discussed. © 2013 Moreira et al.

A C2-continuous high-resolution upwind convection scheme

A bounded upwinding scheme for numerical solution of hyperbolic conservation laws and Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The scheme is based on convection boundedness criterion and total variation diminishing stability criteria and developed by employing continuously differentiable functions. The accuracy of the scheme is verified by assessing the error and observed convergence rate on 1-D benchmark test cases. A comparative study between the new scheme and conventional total variation diminishing/convection boundedness criterion-based upwind schemes to solve standard nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws is also accomplished. The scheme is then examined in the simulation of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid flows of increasing complexity; a satisfactory agreement has been observed in terms of the overall behavior. Finally, the scheme is used to study the hydrodynamics of a gas-solid flow in a bubbling fluidized bed. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

SIG e sensoriamento remoto aplicado ao estudo dos processos de inundação e mapeamento da cobertura vegetal na planície fluvial do alto Rio Paraná

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da relação entre diâmetros no comportamento hidrodinâmico de reatores aeróbios de leito fluidizado com circulação em tubos concêntricos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação reológica de nanoemulsões para sistema transdérmico de liberação de fármacos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biologia reprodutiva de Sabellaria wilsoni (Polychaeta: Sabellaridae) na ilha de Algodoal-Maiandeua (Pará)

O Polychaeta Sabellaria wilsoni ocorre a partir do Golfo do México até a Argentina, e constrói recifes de areia da zona intertidal até 25 m de profundidade. Esses recifes desempenham um papel importante na estruturação e funcionamento dos ecossistemas de praias arenosas na Costa da Amazônia. Este trabalho estudou a biologia reprodutiva de S. wilsoni na Ilha de Algodoal (PA, Brasil), descrevendo proporção entre os sexos, o processo gametogénicos e o período de reprodução. A amostragem ocorreu mensalmente entre maio de 2008 e abril de 2009. No laboratório 100 indivíduos foram escolhidos aleatoriamente e medidos (comprimento total - a partir do opérculo até o início do funil anal), e destes, 20 foram preparados para estudo histológico. As lâminas foram observadas em microscópio óptico para descrever estruturas reprodutivas, e para determinar o sexo e estágio de maturação. O tamanho dos organismos variou de 4,5 ± 1,89 milímetros para 11,5 ± 2,83 mm, com as fêmeas maiores e mais numerosas do que os machos (razão sexual 0.6:1 - M: F). Os gametas femininos se desenvolvem nas projeções dos vasos sanguíneos e são posteriormente liberadas no celoma. Nos machos a espermatogênese é associada aos septos intersegmentares, e o esperma é liberado no celoma. Gametas são liberados no meio externo por meio de nefrídios e a fecundação é externa. A reprodução ocorre durante todo o ano com picos em setembro-novembro e março-abril. Mas o principal fator para reprodução, é um aumento na hidrodinâmica em agosto, como uma adaptação do Polychaeta para a destruição de recifes futuro, que ocorre entre outubro e novembro, e um aumento de espaço disponível para a colonização, depois da destruição de recifes.

Condições oceanográficas, ocupação territorial e problemas ambientais na praia do Atalaia (nordeste do Pará, Brasil)

A conservação e gestão da zona costeira da região amazônica merecem atenção especial, devido à riqueza de seus recursos naturais. O presente estudo visa avaliar os impactos dos eventos naturais e atividades humanas na praia de Atalaia, situada no estado do Pará (Brasil), e o desenvolvimento de diretrizes para a implementação de programas de gestão costeira. Os dados foram coletados entre novembro/2008 e novembro/2010. Quatro conjuntos de variáveis foram avaliados: (i) variáveis físicas (climatologia, hidrodinâmica e morfodinâmica), (ii) variáveis hidrológicas (temperatura da água, salinidade, pH, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido e nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos, clorofila a e níveis de coliformes termotolerantes), (iii) desenvolvimento urbano e (iv) distribuição espacial de serviços e infraestrutura. Os resultados indicam que o clima e as condições hidrodinâmicas foram os principais fatores responsáveis pelas flutuações na qualidade de água, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos e concentrações de clorofila a. A descarga de esgoto doméstico não tratado foi responsável pela contaminação bacteriológica, embora a rápida turbulência decorrente da alta energia hidrodinâmica do ambiente tenha limitado a contaminação por coliformes termotolerantes. Esta alta energia hidrodinâmica, principalmente durante as marés equinociais de sizígia e a falta de planejamento urbano gera outros problemas, tais como a erosão costeira. A área de estudo é caracterizada por altas taxas pluviométricas (> 1900 mm durante a estação chuvosa), ventos de NE com velocidades médias mensais superiores a 4,36 m/s na estação seca e 3,06 m/s na estação chuvosa, condições de macromaré (alcance da maré > 4,0 m), velocidades moderadas de correntes de maré (superior a 0,5 m/s) e alturas de ondas significantes superior a 1,5 m. Em março e junho (meses chuvosos), a corrente de maré vazante alcançou um máximo de 0,4 m/s. O ciclo de maré foi fracamente assimétrico com a maré vazante durando mais de 6 horas e 40 minutos. A energia das ondas foram fracamente moduladas pela maré baixa devido à atenuação das ondas em bancos de areia. A temperatura da água foi relativamente homogênea (27,4°C a 29,3°C). A salinidade variou de 5,7 (junho) a 37,4 (novembro). A água foi bem oxigenada (superior a 9,17 mg/L), turva (superior a 118 NTU), alcalina (acima de 8,68) e eutrófica (máximo de 2,36 μmol/L para nitrito, 24,34 μmol/L para nitrato, 0,6 μmol/L para fosfato e 329,7 μmol/L para silicato), além de apresentar altas concentrações de clorofila a (acima de 82 mg/m³). As condições naturais observadas no presente estudo indicam a necessidade de uma revisão dos critérios hidrológicos usados para avaliação de praias por agências nacionais e internacionais e sua adaptação para a realidade da costa amazônica. A falta de sistema de saneamento público levou a contaminação bacteriológica e a perda da qualidade da água. Com relação ao estado morfodinâmico, as condições dissipativas foram encontradas durante alta a moderada energia hidrodinâmica (condições equinociais e não-equinociais), porém em novembro as maiores alturas de ondas geraram características de barred dissipative, enquanto nos outros meses características nonbarred foram dominantes. Desta forma, o modelo proposto por Masselink & Short (1993) parece não ser ideal para ser aplicado em praias com características similares a praia de Atalaia, na qual a energia das ondas é modulada pela presença de bancos de areia durante algumas fases da maré.