(Table 1) Radiocarbon ages and different calibrated ages for sediment core HLY0503-18TC obtained during the HOTRAX expedition

A short sediment core from a local depression forming an intra basin on the Lomonosov Ridge, was retrieved during the Healy-Oden Trans-Arctic Expedition 2005 (HOTRAX). It contains a record of the Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1-3 showing exceptionally high abundances of calcareous microfossils during parts of MIS 3. Based on radiocarbon dating, linear sedimentation rates of 7-9 cm/ka persist during the last deglaciation. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is partly characterized by a hiatus. Planktic foraminiferal abundance variations of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral and calcareous nannofossils reflect changes in Arctic Ocean summer sea ice coverage and probably inflow of subpolar North Atlantic water. Calibration of the radiocarbon ages, using modeled reservoir corrections from previous studies and the microfossil abundance record of the studied core, results in marine reservoir ages of 1400 years or more, at least during the last deglaciation. Paired benthic-planktic radiocarbon dated foraminiferal samples indicate a slow decrease in age difference between surface and bottom waters from the Lateglacial to the Holocene, suggesting circulation and ventilation changes.

(Table 1) Stable isotope record of Middle Cretaceous benthic foraminifera

Preservation of planktic foraminiferal calcite has received widespread attention in recent years, but the taphonomy of benthic foraminiferal calcite and its influence on the deep-sea palaeotemperature record have gone comparatively unreported. Numerical modeling indicates that the carbonate recrystallization histories of deep-sea sections are dominated by events in their early burial history, meaning that the degree of exchange between sediments and pore fluids during the early postburial phase holds the key to determining the palaeotemperature significance of diagenetic alteration of benthic foraminifera. Postburial sedimentation rate and lithology are likely to be important determinants of the paleoceanographic significance of this sediment-pore fluid interaction. Here we report an investigation of the impact of extreme change in sedimentation rate (a prolonged and widespread Upper Cretaceous hiatus in the North Atlantic Ocean) on the preservation and d18O of benthic foraminifera of Middle Cretaceous age (nannofossil zone NC10, uppermost Albian/lowermost Cenomanian, ~99 Ma ago) from multiple drill sites. At sites where this hiatus immediately overlies NC10, benthic foraminifera appear to display at least moderate preservation of the whole test. However, on closer inspection, these tests are shown to be extremely poorly preserved internally and yield d18O values substantially higher than those from contemporaneous better preserved benthic foraminifera at sites without an immediately overlying hiatus. These high d18O values are interpreted to indicate alteration close to the seafloor in cooler waters during the Late Cretaceous hiatus. Intersite differences in lithology modulate the diagenetic impact of this extreme change in sedimentation rate. Our results highlight the importance of thorough examination of benthic foraminiferal wall structures and lend support to the view that sedimentation rate and lithology are key factors controlling the paleoceanographic significance of diagenetic alteration of biogenic carbonates.

Results of the pollen analysis of the Dyanushka peat sediments K7/P2

A 415cm thick permafrost peat section from the Verkhoyansk Mountains was radiocarbon-dated and studied using palaeobotanical and sedimentological approaches. Accumulation of organic-rich sediment commenced in a former oxbow lake, detached from a Dyanushka River meander during the Younger Dryas stadial, at ~12.5 kyr BP. Pollen data indicate that larch trees, shrub alder and dwarf birch were abundant in the vegetation at that time. Local presence of larch during the Younger Dryas is documented by well-preserved and radiocarbon-dated needles and cones. The early Holocene pollen assemblages reveal high percentages of Artemisia pollen, suggesting the presence of steppe-like communities around the site, possibly in response to a relatively warm and dry climate ~11.4-11.2 kyr BP. Both pollen and plant macrofossil data demonstrate that larch woods were common in the river valley. Remains of charcoal and pollen of Epilobium indicate fire events and mark a hiatus ~11.0-8.7 kyr BP. Changes in peat properties, C31/C27 alkane ratios and radiocarbon dates suggest that two other hiatuses occurred ~8.2-6.9 and ~6.7-0.6 kyr BP. Prior to 0.6 kyr BP, a major fire destroyed the mire surface. The upper 60 cm of the studied section is composed of aeolian sands modified in the uppermost part by the modern soil formation. For the first time, local growth of larch during the Younger Dryas has been verified in the western foreland of the Verkhoyansk Mountains (~170km south of the Arctic Circle), thus increasing our understanding of the quick reforestation of northern Eurasia by the early Holocene.

(Table 1) Downhole variation of potassium, apparent K-Ar age, and inert gas abundances at DSDP Holes 69-504B, 70-504B and 83-504B

Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and K2O were measured in representative samples of holocrystalline basalt from DSDP Hole 504B. No hiatus in inert gas abundance is recognized at the base of the "oxic" alteration zone and the extent rather than the nature of alteration appears to determine these abundances. When the inert gas abundances are separately plotted against K2O, two distinct trends of loss emerge, one for alteration involving K-gain, the other for K-loss. Apparent whole-rock K-Ar ages are anomalous in the upper 50 m of basement, and below 300 m sub-basement. In the intervening zone of basement, celadonization adds sufficient potassium and eliminates enough "primary" 40Ar early in the history of the basalts for "excess" 40Ar to become subordinate to radiogenic 40Ar in basalts showing potassium enrichment greater than 0.2%. Stratigraphically correct K-Ar ages are obtained, therefore, from K-enriched basalts of the oxic alteration zone.

Compulsive Buying: Literature Review and Suggestions for Future Research

Compulsive buying is a serious, but under researched, aspect of consumer buying behaviour. Setting the review in a historical context, the review begins by addressing the earliest works on the subject and seminal papers by leading researchers in the field of compulsive buying. The review addresses the fact that Emil Kraepelin first identified compulsive buying in his 1915 textbook, before the subject faced an almost complete hiatus in terms of research until the late 1980s where the issue was addressed by a number of leading consumer behaviour researchers. The review will then proceed chronologically and thematically, addressing each issue and theme that has emerged from the literature. Previous directions of the research will be discussed, whilst guiding readers towards the current landscape of the research, and a suggestion of the next logical direction of the research.

Sedimentology of sites 14-141, 41-366, 47-397 and 79-544B

Along the N-S-transect of DSDP-Sites 5446, 397, 141, and 366, oxygen and carbon isotopes, flux rates of calcium carbonate, terrigenous matter, and biogenic opal, clay minerals and the size distribution of terrigenous partictes were determined in order to assess the ties between atmospheric and oceanic surface and deep-water circulation off northwest Africa during the late Neogene. During the last 9 m.y., both the paleoceanography in the eastern Atlantic and west African paleodimates were intimately correlated with the evolution of the polar ice sheets as reflected in the benthos d18O curves of the 4 DSDP-Sites. These records make it possible to distinguish six major time intervals which were charaterized by long-term persistent regimes of climatic stability or climatic change. Short-term, "Milankovitch"-type cycles superimpose the long-term climatic evolution and may reflect the chronostratigraphic control fluctuations of the solar insolation persisting back to pre-Pleistocene times. Relatively stable, warm climates prevailed during the late Tortonian/early Messinean, 9 to 6 m.y., and the early Pliocene, 4.5 to 3.5 m.y. ago. Based on d18O curves, the amplitudes of short-term climatic variation were generally low, and the ice sheets were smaller than during peak Holocene time. Oceanic circulation and resulting paleoproductivity in upwelling zones were insignificant. The strength of dust supplying meridional trade winds was low (3 to 5 m/s), interglacial-style zonal winds near the ITCZ were dominant, as indicated by the high abundance of kaolinite. Phases of fluvial sediment supply were common. Humidity was characteristic of the climate in northwest Africa for the major part of this time. Major episodes of climatic deterioration in the subtropics occurred in the latest Miocene/early Pliocene, between some 5.6 and 5.2 and between 4.9 and 4.6 m.y. ago, in the late Pliocene, between 3.2 and 2.4 m.y. ago, and again in the Quaternary, near 1 m.y. ago. The episodes were correlated with marked increases of the global ice volume, as revealed by drastic increases of d18O values. They suggest sea-level falls of up to 70 m below the present sea level in the latest Miocene and earliest Pliocene and of 145 m in the latest Pliocene and Quaternary. The climatic changes resulted in strongly enhanced meridional trade winds as suggested by coarser terrigenous grain-sizes, increased mass accumulation rates of eolian dust, and changes in clay-mineral composition from dominantly kaolinite to illite and chlorite. The meridional trade winds reached speeds of 8 to 10 m/s with a maximum near 15 m/s. The enhanced winds probably led t o intensified coastal upwelling as shown by the contemporaneous local increase i n the deposition of biogenic silica and the local depletion of 13C at Site 397. The most drastic environmental changes near 2.4 and 1 m.y. ago coincide with hiatuses which may indicate phases of general erosion due to strongly enhanced deep-water circulation in the northeast At1antic along the northwest African continental margin. The occasional occurrence of quartz grains coarser than 250 µm may suggest ice-rafted debris in sediments off Morocco. During these time intervals the climate in NW-Africa was dominantly arid. Nevertheless, fluvial runoff (and humidity) continued to be important during intermittent warm phases of the short-term climatic cycles. During the end and the beginning of (inter-) glacial times, fluvial supply of nutrients seems to be the dominant factor, controling phases of enhanced paleoproductivity observed off northwest Africa, whereas during phases of glacial maximum strenger fertility of (increased) coastal upwelling becomes more important. A long-term evolution of paleoenvironments during the last 40 m.y. is depicted in the sediments of Site 366 and is clearly controlled by the plate tectonic route of this Site. During Oligocene times, Site 366 lay in the center of the equatorial upwelling, as shown by the high content of biogenic silica contributing up to 100 % of the carbonate-free sediment fraction >6 µm. The influence of equatorial upwelling abruptly terminated near 15 m.y. ago, a change in the record exaggerated by a hiatus of about 2 m.y. Prior to 25 m.y., the terrigenous input at the paleolatitude of Site 366 was restricted t o eolian sediment supply from South Africa by southeasterly trade winds, as shown by dominantly illite and chlorite in the clay fraction and extremely fine-grained terrigenous matter. Near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, Site 366 drifted across the equator into the belt of the northeasterly trade winds, which is inferred from the increased content of kaolinite and coarser grain sizes of the terrigenous sediment fraction. The clay-mineral and grain-size compositions of Site 366 do not reflect a noteworthy northward shift of the ITCZ during late Miocene and early Pliocene times, i.e. no marked global circulation asymmetry due to the possible absence of a major Northern Hemisphere glaciation (Flohn 1981). This lack of a more northerly position of the ITCZ may result from a bipolar glaciation already existing during late Miocene times, such as also suggested by the evidence of tillites on Iceland and in southern Alaska during those intervals (e.g., Denton & Amstrong 1969, Mudie & Helgason 1983).

Significado regional dos depósitos neogénicos continentais da área de Vila de Rei (Portugal Central)

In the Vi la de Rei arca (Central Portugal) the continental deposits ofthe Lower Tagus Tertiary 8asin lay upon the pediment of me Portuguese Central Chain. Three ronglomerate units are recorded from me base upwards. separated by regional or basinal unconfonnities: Conglomerados de Rio de Moinhos (RM); Conglomerados de Serra de Almeirim (SA) and Conglomerados de Vila de Rei (VR). The first two units (KM and SAl have been si les of gold exploitation in huge optn pit mines probably dunng Roman colonisation times. The contact ofthis units, on thc Paleozoie basement or on the Paleogene unil Grés de Monsanto, is unconfonn, defining in both limits a large nondepositional andlor erosional hiatus. Those conglomerates seal the scdimcntation ofthe Lower Tagus Tertiary Basin along irs northem border. Taking lnto account lhe significance /lssigned to their basinal unconfonnity limits, lhe uplift ofthe Portuguese Centra! Chain. and thc facl ofthis continental units yielded no fossils with chranostratigraphic significanee, they have been eonsidered ranging fram Uppcr Miocene to lhe beginning ofthe Qualemary. Finally, a lithostratigraphic equivalence with lhe Neogenic units ofthc Bierzo and Duema basins (NW ofthe Iberian Peninsula), where exploitalions from Roman limes are also evident, is presented.

Studies of the gastro-oesophageal junction in normal and overweight healthy volunteers

Introduction: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has increased dramatically in incidence over the past three decades with a particularly high burden of disease at the gastro-oesophageal junction. Many cases occur in individuals without known gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and in the absence of Barrett’s oesophagus suggesting that mechanisms other than traditional reflux may be important. Distal squamous mucosa may be prone to acid damage even in the absence of traditional reflux by the mechanism of distal opening of the lower oesophageal sphincter. This is splaying of the distal segment of lower oesophageal sphincter allowing acid ingress without traditional reflux. It has been suggested that the cardiac mucosa at the gastro-oesophageal junction, separating oesophageal squamous mucosa and acid secreting columnar mucosa of the stomach may be an abnormal mucosa arising as a consequence of acid damage. By this theory the cardiac mucosa is metaplastic and akin to ultra-short Barrett’s oesophagus. Obesity is a known risk factor for adenocarcinoma at the gastro-oesophageal junction and its rise has paralleled that of oesophageal cancer. Some of this excess risk undoubtedly operates through stress on the gastro-oesophageal junction and a predisposition to reflux. However we sought to explore the impact of obesity on the gastro-oesophageal junction in healthy volunteers without reflux and in particular to determine the characteristics of the cardiac mucosa and mechanisms of reflux in this group. Methods: 61 healthy volunteers with normal and increased waist circumference were recruited. 15 were found to have a hiatus hernia during the study protocol and were analysed separately. Volunteers had comprehensive pathological, physiological and anatomical assessments of the gastro-oesophageal junction including endoscopy with biopsies, MRI scanning before and after a standardised meal, prolonged recording of pH and manometry before and after a meal and screening by fluoroscopy to identify the squamo-columnar junction. In the course of the early manometric assessments a potential error associated with the manometry system recordings was identified. We therefore also sought to document and address this on the benchtop and in vivo. Key Findings: 1. In documenting the behaviour of the manoscan we described an immediate effect of temperature change on the pressure recorded by the sensors; ‘thermal effect’ and an ongoing drift of the recorded pressure with time; ‘baseline drift’. Thermal effect was well compensated within the standard operation of the system but baseline drift not addressed. Applying a linear correction to recorded data substantially reduced the error associated with baseline drift. 2. In asymptomatic healthy volunteers there was lengthening of the cardiac mucosa in association with central obesity and age. Furthermore, the cardiac mucosa in healthy volunteers demonstrated an almost identical immunophenotype to non-IM Barrett’s mucosa, which is considered to arise by metaplasia of oesophageal squamous mucosa. These findings support the hypothesis that the cardia is metaplastic in origin. 3. We have demonstrated a plausible mechanism of damage to distal squamous mucosa in association with obesity. In those with a large waist circumference we observed increased ingress of acid within but not across the lower oesophageal sphincter; ‘intrasphincteric reflux’ 4. The 15 healthy volunteers with a hiatus hernia were compared to 15 controls matched for age, gender and waist circumference. Those with a hiatus hernia had a longer cardiac mucosa and although they did not have excess traditional reflux they had excess distal acid exposure by short segment acid reflux and intrasphincteric acid reflux. Conclusions: These findings are likely to be relevant to adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction

Caso imagiológico

Introdução: A tosse constitui um dos principais motivos de consulta médica e, apesar de na maioria dos casos ser de etiologia vírica ou alérgica, por vezes surgem diagnósticos inesperados. Caso Clínico: Criança do sexo feminino, 19 meses, sem antecedentes relevantes. Recorreu ao Serviço de Urgência por tosse produtiva há 3 semanas e rinorreia serosa, sem febre. Noção materna de dificuldade respiratória e recusa alimentar parcial. À admissão, polipneica, com tiragem subcostal e gemido expiratório. Auscultatoriamente, murmúrio vesicular globalmente diminuído, tempo expiratório aumentado e sibilos dispersos. Analiticamente sem alterações. A radiografia torácica evidenciou volumosa imagem quística no hemitórax direito. A TC to- rácica documentou estômago intratorácico. Foi submetida a laparoscopia que constatou hérnia do hiato paraesofágica. Após Fundoplicatura de Nissen ficou assintomática. Discussão: A hérnia do hiato é rara em idade Pediátrica, tendo sido um achado inesperado no caso clínico descrito. Consideramos assim que, apesar da sua raridade, as anomalias anatómicas devem ser consideradas no diagnóstico diferencial da tosse persistente.

Imaging of thoracic aortic injury

International audience

El Estribo Volcanic Complex: Evolution from a shield volcano to a cinder cone, Pátzcuaro Lake, Michoacán, México

El Estribo Volcanic Complex (EVC) is located in the northern part of the Michoacán–Guanajuato Volcanic Field within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). El Estribo is located at the southern edge of the E-W Pátzcuaro fault that belongs to the Pátzcuaro-Jarácuaro graben, a western extension of the E-W Morelia–Acambay fault system. Stratigraphy, geochronology, chemistry, and mineral assemblages suggest that the volcanic complex was constructed in two periods separated by a ~ 100 ka volcanic hiatus: a) emission of lava flows that constructed a shield volcano between 126 ka, and b) mixed phreatomagmatic to Strombolian activity that formed a cinder cone ~ 28 ka. The magmas that fed these monogenetic volcanoes were able to use the same feeding system. The cinder cone itself was constructed by Strombolian fallouts and remobilized scoria beds, followed by an erosion period, and by a mixed phreatomagmatic to magmatic phase (Strombolian fallouts ending with lava flows). Soft-sedimentary deformation of beds and impact sags, cross-bedding, as well as pitting and hydrothermal cracks found in particles support the phreatomagmatic phase. The erupted magmas through time ejected basaltic andesitic lava flows (56.21–58.88% SiO2) that built the shield volcano and then basaltic andesitic scoria (57.65–59.05% SiO2) that constructed the cinder cone. Although they used the same feeding system, the geochemical data and the mineral chemistry of the magmas indicate that the shield volcano and the cinder cone were fed by different magma batches erupted thousands of years apart. Therefore, the location of El Estribo Volcanic Complex along an E-W fault that has generated two sector collapses of the shield volcano to the north may be directly linked to this complex redistribution of the magmatic paths to the surface. Our findings show that magmatic feeding systems within monogenetic volcanic fields could be long lived, questioning the classic view of the monogenetic nature of their volcanoes and yielding information about the potential volcanic risk of these settings, usually considered risk-free.

Do saber ao sabor : estudo da relação entre saberes tácitos e explícitos expressos nas competências laborais de cozinheiros em situação de trabalho

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2016.