Tree-ring reconstructions of winter climate and circulation indices for the southwestern United States

A key to understanding the causes for climate variability lies in understanding how atmospheric circulation influences regional climate. The goal of this research is to investigate the long-term relationships between atmospheric circulation and winter climate in the southwestern United States. Patterns of atmospheric circulation are described by circulation indices, and winter climate is defined as number of days with precipitation and mean maximum temperature for the winter wet season, November through March. Records of both circulation indices and climate variables were reconstructed with tree-ring chronologies for the period 1702-1983. The years of the highest and lowest values of circulation indices and climate variables were compared in order to investigate possible spatial and temporal relationships between extremes in circulation and climate.

Rearing of major carp spawn at high stocking density under air lift water circulation system

The present studies are aimed to achieve a high survival rate of carp spawn to fry stage under Air Lift Water Circulation system at high stocking density. Three experiments using Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala were conducted in one cement tank of 50 sq.m. area. The results showed a survival rate ranging from 90.5 to 95.2% at stocking density of 20 to 25 million/ha. By this technique it is possible to rear high number of spawn in limited area with high rate of survival up to fry stage.

Application of a wind-driven barotropic model to simulate the seasonal circulation of the northern Arabian Sea

A two dimensional numerical barotropic model based on the depth-integrated equations is presented here. Sensitivity of the model is analyzed by using wind stresses of different months. Real wind data and actual bathymetry are used as an input to obtain the circulation patterns of the northern Arabian Sea during specific seasons. However, the model is also tested with constant depth for comparison. A number of numerical simulations are performed to study the combined effects of wind stress, bathymetry and basin geometry. Since the goal of this study is to simulate the circulation of the northern Arabian sea in accordance with the observed wind stress, therefore, wind stresses of different months like July (the peak os SW monsoon), October (the transition period from SW to NE monsoon), January (the peack of NE monsoon) and April (the transition period from NE to SW monsoon) are used to examine the circulation patterns. The results obtained are satisfactory in that they resemble known patterns.

Circulation pattern of the Egyptian Mediterranean waters during winter and summer seasons

The water circulation of the Egyptian Mediterranean waters was computed during winter and summer seasons using the dynamic method. The reference level was set at the 1000db surface. The results showed that the surface circulation is dominated by the Atlantic water inflow along the North African coast and by two major gyres, the Mersa Matruth anticyclonic gyre and El-Arish cyclonic gyre. The results showed a seasonal reversal of El-Arish gyre, being cyclonic in winter and anticyclonic in summer. El-Arish gyre had not been previously measured. The geostrophic current velocity at the edges of the Mersa Matruth gyre varied between 12.5 and 29.1cm/sec in winter and between 6.5 and 13.1cm/sec in summer. The current velocity reached its maximum values (>40cm/sec) at El-Arish gyre. The current velocity at the two gyres decreased with increasing depth. The North African Current affects the surface waters down to a depth of 100m, and that its mean velocity varies between 6 and 38cm/sec.

Spoken document representations for probabilistic retrieval

This paper presents some developments in query expansion and document representation of our spoken document retrieval system and shows how various retrieval techniques affect performance for different sets of transcriptions derived from a common speech source. Modifications of the document representation are used, which combine several techniques for query expansion, knowledge-based on one hand and statistics-based on the other. Taken together, these techniques can improve Average Precision by over 19% relative to a system similar to that which we presented at TREC-7. These new experiments have also confirmed that the degradation of Average Precision due to a word error rate (WER) of 25% is quite small (3.7% relative) and can be reduced to almost zero (0.2% relative). The overall improvement of the retrieval system can also be observed for seven different sets of transcriptions from different recognition engines with a WER ranging from 24.8% to 61.5%. We hope to repeat these experiments when larger document collections become available, in order to evaluate the scalability of these techniques.

Water masses and circulation of the Mozambique Channel

From 1977 to 1980, several research cruises were carried out in the coastal waters of Mozambique to collect oceanographic data. The distribution of hydrographic and bathythermograph stations is given. The water masses and circulation were mapped and wind data gathered.

Circulation system and areas of potentially successful tuna fishing with surface methods off Mozambique

Charts with 3-months running means of thermal data collected during 1977-1982 are used to describe the seasonal variability of the circulation pattern off Mozambique, and to identify the areas of tuna vulnerability to surface gears. The main conclusions reached by Sætre and Jorge da Silva (1984) have received further support. Areas of potentially successful exploitation of tunas by surface methods have been identified during the whole year, with emphasis for November-April.

Structural features of geostrophic circulation in open region of the South China Sea

On the basis of observation data of water temperature and salinity the mean seasonal geostrophic circulation in open region of the South China Sea (SCS) was computed by the dynamic method relative to the 800 decibar reference surface. The results of computation let go to following notices: In both main monsoons (winter and summer) there are two main geostrophic eddies: the anticlockwise eddy in the northern and northwestern part, and the clockwise eddy in the southern part of the SCS with corresponding divergent and convergent zones. The main frontal zones go along the middle latitudes of the sea from the southern continental shelf of Vietnam to the area west of Luzon Island. The strength and stability of the current in winter are higher than in summer. The Kuroshio has an enough strong branch intruding into the SCS through Bashi Strait in winter creating in the sea the water structure similar to that of the Northwest Pacific subtropical and tropical regions. In summer the Kuroshio water can intrude directly only into the area southwest of Taiwan.

Corporate document mining for technology intelligence: An analysis of needs, utilization and possibilities

This paper focuses on document data, one of the most significant sources for technology intelligence. To help organisations use their knowledge in documents effectively, this research aims to identify what organizations really want from documents and what might be possible to obtain from them. The research involves a literature review, a series of in-depth/on-site interviews and a descriptive analysis of document mining applications. The output of the research includes: a document mining framework; an analysis of the current condition of document mining in technology-based organisations together with their future requirements; and guidelines for introducing document mining into an organisation along with a discussion on the practical issues that are faced by users. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Analysis of document-mining techniques and tools for technology intelligence: Discovering knowledge from technical documents

This research proposes a method for extracting technology intelligence (TI) systematically from a large set of document data. To do this, the internal and external sources in the form of documents, which might be valuable for TI, are first identified. Then the existing techniques and software systems applicable to document analysis are examined. Finally, based on the reviews, a document-mining framework designed for TI is suggested and guidelines for software selection are proposed. The research output is expected to support intelligence operatives in finding suitable techniques and software systems for getting value from document-mining and thus facilitate effective knowledge management. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

improving document icon to re-find efficiently what you need

It is common that documents are represented by document icon in graphical user interfaces. The document icon facilitates user to retrieve documents, but it is difficult to distinguish the document from a collection of documents that user have accessed to. Our paper presents a document icon on which the users can add some subjective values and mark. Then we describe a system ex-explorer that users can browser and search the extent document icon. We found that it is easy to re-find the document on which users added some annotation or mark by themselves.