5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation.

Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA plays an important role in regulating gene expression during vertebrate embryonic development. Conversely, disruption of normal patterns of methylation is common in tumors and occurs early in progression of some human cancers. In vertebrates, it appears that the same DNA methyltransferase maintains preexisting patterns of methylation during DNA replication and carries out de novo methylation to create new methylation patterns. There are several indications that inherent signals in DNA structure can act in vivo to initiate or block de novo methylation in adjacent DNA regions. To identify sequences capable of enhancing de novo methylation of DNA in vitro, we designed a series of oligodeoxyribonucleotide substrates with substrate cytosine residues in different sequence contexts. We obtained evidence that some 5-methylcytosine residues in these single-stranded DNAs can stimulate de novo methylation of adjacent sites by murine DNA 5-cytosine methyltransferase as effectively as 5-methylcytosine residues in double-stranded DNA stimulate maintenance methylation. This suggests that double-stranded DNA may not be the primary natural substrate for de novo methylation and that looped single-stranded structures formed during the normal course of DNA replication or repair serve as "nucleation" sites for de novo methylation of adjacent DNA regions.

Benjamín Oltra, José Ignacio Garrigós, Alejandro Mantecón y Christian Oltra Algado. Sociedad, vida y teoría. La Teoría Sociológica desde una perspectiva de sociología narrativa. Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), 2004

Reseña de la obra "Sociedad, vida y teoría. La Teoría Sociológica desde una perspectiva de sociología narrativa". Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), 2004.

The Failure of Integration: The CIS and other international organisations in the post-Soviet era, 1991-2006. OSW Study 26/2007

Institutional integration processes in the post-Soviet area have ended in failure. It proved impossible to transform the Commonwealth of Independent States into an instrument of real co-operation, even though Russia, which was the most interested in integrating the post-Soviet space, made repeated efforts to this end. The CIS never managed to accomplish its declared objectives and, from this point of view, it does not exist as an integration organisation and de facto never did.

Précis d'anatomie à l'usage des artistes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Précis d'aquarelle /

(From title-page) Le dessin et l'aquarelle -- Le paysage et la marine -- Les fleurs et la nature morte -- La figure et les animaux.

Précis historique et fabuleux sur les statues qui ornent le Jardin des Tuileries.

Signatures: [1]⁸ 2⁸.

Escriptura de obligacion y ar[r]endamientto ottorgada por Fran[cis]co de Pineda y Fran[cis]co Rodriguez el Viexo y consortes, de las rentas de las encomiendas de la Ciudad de Merida, por 4 quentos y 800 m[a]r[avedí]s a favor de Dn. Bernardino de Mendoza [Manuscrito]

Escritura gótica cursiva procesal.

Le Brésil : précis historique, en vers /

Poem.

Le monde terrestre, au point actuel de la civilisation : nouveau précis de géographie comparée, descriptive, politique et commerciale, avec une introduction, l'indication des sources et cartes et un répertoire alphabétique /

Includes bibliographies and index.

Traité pratique d'auscultation : suivi d'un précis de percussion /

Includes index.

Histoire de la Littérature Grecque profane, depuis son origine jusquʾa la prise de Constantinople par les turcs : suivie d'un précis de lʾhistoire de la transplantation de la littérature grecque en occident /

Includes bibliography and index.

Précis de l'histoire ancienne d'après Rollin ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Constantinople; tableau historique de cette ville, avec un précis de l'histoire de l'empire d'orient et de l'empire ottoman depuis Constantin jusqu'à nos jours ...

Mode of access: Internet.