Detecção in silico dos constituintes majoritários de Strychnos brasiliensis e S. pseudoquina (Loganiaceae) usando CLAE-DAD/EMAR

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento e validação de método de análise por cromatografia gasosa para metabólitos polares de folhas de cana-de-açúcar e aplicação na avaliação da influência do teor de 'CO IND. 2' atmosférico na composição de metabólitos polares de cana-de-açucar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O adoecimento dos trabalhadores docentes na rede pública de ensino de Belém-Pará

Esta tese investiga o adoecimento dos trabalhadores docentes no Ensino Fundamental da Rede Pública de Ensino de Belém – RME no Estado do Pará, a partir das reformas educacionais implementadas no período de 2005-2012. O objetivo geral constituiu-se em analisar as causas do adoecimento dos docentes na Rede Pública de Ensino de Belém RME, observando os seguintes objetivos específicos: analisar as políticas educacionais da RME; identificar as repercussões das políticas educacionais e sua relação com o adoecimento do docente; analisar as condições de trabalho docente; identificar a ocorrência de intensificação e precarização no trabalho docente e possíveis relações com o adoecimento. A pesquisa foi realizada em etapas: a primeira etapa foi a realização da pesquisa bibliográfica para se conhecer melhor o tema. Para compreender o conceito de Trabalho, Mundo do Trabalho, Mercado de Trabalho, Trabalho e Educação foram realizados estudos em autores como: Marx (2006), Alves (2010); Antunes (2006), Frigotto (2003), que trazem uma profunda compreensão do objeto de estudo, razão pela qual são referências para análise na perspectiva histórico-dialética. Sobre as Políticas Educacionais e Trabalho Docente, tomou-se por base de estudos Oliveira (2003); Maués (2006); Shiroma et al,. (2007) e outros. Os autores utilizados para discutir saúde e adoecimento de maneira geral e na escola foram: Bravo (2010; 2011), Codo (2006; 2010), Esteve (1999), Benevides-Pereira (2006), Minayo (1998) e outros. A segunda etapa de construção desta tese foi a pesquisa de campo que serviu para complementar e esclarecer questões e dúvidas acerca do objeto de estudo, sendo utilizados questionário estruturado e entrevista semiestruturada e a terceira etapa se configurou na definição das categorias, a partir da pesquisa de campo. Esta fase se concretizou através da decomposição de textos em unidades, reclassificando-os por reagrupamento e foi realizada em três etapas: a análise prévia, que se consistiu na organização do material, a análise exploratória, que consiste em codificações e classificação, e finalmente o tratamento dos resultados obtidos e interpretação, que incidiu na tabulação e na aplicação de técnicas descritivas e analíticas dos dados. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que as causas dos adoecimentos na RME estão relacionadas: a) às condições de trabalho em seu sentido lato, indicando a existência de processos de intensificação e de precarização do trabalho docente; b) às políticas de formação continuada com acentuados graus de exigências das avaliações do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica – IDEB; c) à existência de mal-estar docente, corroborando com os desgastes e pouca satisfação com o trabalho.

Ocorrência de uma nova bentonita brasileira nos basaltos intemperizados da formação Mosquito, bacia do Parnaíba, sul do Maranhão

No município de Formosa da Serra Negra, sul do Maranhão, às margens da rodovia MA006, encontram-se afloramentos de basaltos intemperizados da Formação Mosquito, apresentando textura bastante argilosa e potencial de ser um material bentonítico. Neste trabalho, esse material que vem sendo considerado uma nova ocorrência de bentonita no Brasil e, batizado de Formosa, foi caracterizado por difração de raios X, fluorescência de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia Mössbauer e capacidade de troca catiônica, em amostra total e após separação granulométrica, e ainda, comparada com duas das principais bentonitas brasileiras, Chocolate e Bofe. Apesar das variações químicas e mineralógicas encontradas, muito comuns nesse tipo de argila, as semelhanças observadas convencem o promissor uso da argila Formosa como bentonita, uma vez que o ponto principal da caracterização está na presença dominante de montmorillonita e baixa concentração de outras fases minerais, mostrando que esse material apresenta mineralogia importante do ponto de vista tecnológico.

Caracterização da qualidade e previsão dos parâmetros físico-químicos de gasolinas comerciais brasileiras através da aplicação de métodos quimiométricos em perfis (fingerprintings) espectroscópicos de ressonância magnética nuclear

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da eficiência de estações de tratamento de esgoto - RTE e estações de tratamento de água - ETA na elimnação de resíduos de estrógenos naturais e sintéticos na UGRHI-13 (Tietê-Jacaré)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo térmico e caracterização química de amostras de resíduos sólidos de aterro sanitário

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização quali e quantitativa de metabólitos secundários em extratos vegetais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Metabolômica, uma abordagem otimizada para exploração da biodiversidade brasileira: estado da arte, perspectivas e desafios

Brazilian biodiversity is a colossal source of secondary metabolites with remarkable structural features, which are valuable in further biodiscovery studies. In order to fully understand the relations and interactions of a living system with its surroundings, efforts in natural product chemistry are directed toward the challenge of detecting and identifying all the molecular components present in complex samples. It is plausible that this endeavor was born out of recent technological sophistication in secondary metabolite identification with sensitive spectroscopic instruments (MS and NMR) and higher resolving power of chromatographic systems, which allow a decrease in the amount of required sample and time to acquire data. Nevertheless, the escalation of data acquired in these analyses must be sorted with statistical and multi-way tools in order to select key information. Chromatography is also of paramount importance, more so when selected compounds need to be isolated for further investigation. However, in the course of pursuing a greener environment, new policies, with an aim to decrease the use of energy and solvents, are being developed and incorporated into analytical methods. Metabolomics could be an effective tool to answer questions on how living organisms in our huge biodiversity work and interact with their surroundings while also being strategic to the development of high value bio-derived products, such as phytotherapeutics and nutraceuticals. The incorporation of proper phytotherapeutics in the so-called Brazilian Unified Health System is considered an important factor for the urgent improvement and expansion of the Brazilian national health system. Furthermore, this approach could have a positive impact on the international interest toward scientific research developed in Brazil as well as the development of high value bio-derived products, which appear as an interesting economic opportunity in national and global markets. Thus, this study attempts to highlight the recent advances in analytical tools used in detection of secondary metabolites, which can be useful as bioproducts. It also emphasizes the potential avenues to be explored in Brazilian biodiversity, known for its rich chemical diversity.

Desenvolvimento de equipamento multifuncional portátil de baixo custo para determinações fotométricas, turbidimétricas, nefelométricas e fluorimétricas

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

O design industrial e as engenharias: uma possibilidade de integração por intermédio da engenharia reversa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Prediction of dopant atom distribution on nanocrystals using thermodynamic arguments

A theoretical approach aiming at the prediction of segregation of dopant atoms on nanocrystalline systems is discussed here. It considers the free energy minimization argument in order to provide the most likely dopant distribution as a function of the total doping level. For this, it requires as input (i) a fixed polyhedral geometry with defined facets, and (ii) a set of functions that describe the surface energy as a function of dopant content for different crystallographic planes. Two Sb-doped SnO2 nanocrystalline systems with different morphology and dopant content were selected as a case study, and the calculation of the dopant distributions expected for them is presented in detail. The obtained results were compared to previously reported characterization of this system by a combination of HRTEM and surface energy calculations, and both methods are shown to be equivalent. Considering its application pre-requisites, the present theoretical approach can provide a first estimation of doping atom distribution for a wide range of nanocrystalline systems. We expect that its use will support the reduction of experimental effort for the characterization of doped nanocrystals, and also provide a solution to the characterization of systems where even state-of-art analytical techniques are limited.

Effects of litter manipulation in a tropical Eucalyptus plantation on leaching of mineral nutrients, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon

Although many studies have shown that soil solution chemistry can be a reliable indicator of biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems, the effects of litter manipulations on the fluxes of dissolved elements in gravitational soil solutions have rarely been investigated. We estimated the fluxes of NH4-N, NO3-N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) over the first two years after re-planting Eucalyptus trees in the coastal area of Congo. Two treatments were replicated in two blocks after clear-cutting 7-year-old stands: in treatment R, all the litter above the mineral soil was removed before planting, and in a double slash (DS) treatment, the amount of harvest residues was doubled. The soil solutions were sampled down to a depth of 4 m and the water fluxes were estimated using the Hydrus 1D model parameterized from soil moisture measurements in 4 plots. Isotopic and spectroscopic analytical techniques were used to assess the changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties throughout the transfer in the soil. The first year after planting, the fluxes of NH4-N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl and DOC in the topsoil of the DS treatment were 2-5 times higher than in R, which showed that litter was a major source of dissolved nutrients. Nutrient fluxes in gravitational solutions decreased sharply in the second year after planting, irrespective of the soil depth, as a result of intense nutrient uptake by Eucalyptus trees. Losses of dissolved nutrients were noticeably low in these Eucalyptus plantations despite a low cation exchange capacity, a coarse soil texture and large amounts of harvest residues left on-site at the clear cut in the DS treatment. All together, these results clarified the strong effect of litter manipulation observed on eucalypt growth in Congolese sandy soils. DOM fluxes, as well as changes in delta C-13, C:N and aromaticity of DOM throughout the soil profile showed that the organic compounds produced in the litter layer were mainly consumed by microorganisms or retained in the topsoil. Below a depth of 15 cm, most of the DOC and the DON originated from the first 2 cm of the soil and the exchanges between soil solutions and soil organic matter were low. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel estimation of the humification degree of soil organic matter by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Soil organic matter (SOM) constitutes an important reservoir of terrestrial carbon and can be considered an alternative for atmospheric carbon storage, contributing to global warming mitigation. Soil management can favor atmospheric carbon incorporation into SUM or its release from SOM to atmosphere. Thus, the evaluation of the humification degree (HD), which is an indication of the recalcitrance of SOM, can provide an estimation of the capacity of carbon sequestration by soils under various managements. The HD of SOM can be estimated by using various analytical techniques including fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present work, the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to estimate the HD of SUM was evaluated for the first time. Intensities of emission lines of Al, Mg and Ca from LIBS spectra showing correlation with fluorescence emissions determined by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) reference technique were used to obtain a multivaried calibration model based on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method. The values predicted by the proposed model (A-LIBS) showed strong correlation with LIFS results with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.87. The HD of SUM obtained after normalizing A-LIBS by total carbon in the sample showed a strong correlation to that determined by LIFS (0.94), thus suggesting the great potential of LIBS for this novel application. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estudo e caracterização térmica da curcumina e de uma forma polimórfica

This paper was prepared a polymorphic from of curcumin a natural bioactive compound widely used in Indian medicine in the treatment of a range of illnesses. The preparation was the polymorphic crystallization process and solvent mixtures of organic solvents in order to change the dielectric constant of the solution to obtain crystals. The crystal of curcumin has been studied and characterized by absorption spectroscopic in the infrared, X-ray diffraction powder method and by thermo analytical techniques: thermogravimetry and differential therma analysis (TG-DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC of the pure compound (MP=180,19ºC) showed some differences compared the compound crystallized (MP=176.63ºC) in a mixture of solvents thus indicating the phenomenon of polymorphism, and TG-DTA curve of the compound crystallized showed that this was not a solvatomorphic. Finnally the techniques of X-ray diffraction technique FTIR and powder showed a structural change in the compound crystallized, profile-based graphics when compared to the pure compound, which proves that the compound crystallized it is a polymorph