Audit report on the Delaware County Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Delaware County Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2009

Muscle protein waste in tumor-bearing rats is effectively antagonized by a beta 2-adrenergic agonist (clenbuterol). Role of the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.

Tissue protein hypercatabolism (TPH) is a most important feature in cancer cachexia, particularly with regard to the skeletal muscle. The rat ascites hepatoma Yoshida AH-130 is a very suitable model system for studying the mechanisms involved in the processes that lead to tissue depletion, since it induces in the host a rapid and progressive muscle waste mainly due to TPH (Tessitore, L., G. Bonelli, and F. M. Baccino. 1987. Biochem. J. 241:153-159). Detectable plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with marked perturbations in the hormonal homeostasis have been shown to concur in forcing metabolism into a catabolic setting (Tessitore, L., P. Costelli, and F. M. Baccino. 1993. Br. J. Cancer. 67:15-23). The present study was directed to investigate if beta 2-adrenergic agonists, which are known to favor skeletal muscle hypertrophy, could effectively antagonize the enhanced muscle protein breakdown in this cancer cachexia model. One such agent, i.e., clenbuterol, indeed largely prevented skeletal muscle waste in AH-130-bearing rats by restoring protein degradative rates close to control values. This normalization of protein breakdown rates was achieved through a decrease of the hyperactivation of the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, as previously demonstrated in our laboratory (Llovera, M., C. García-Martínez, N. Agell, M. Marzábal, F. J. López-Soriano, and J. M. Argilés. 1994. FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett. 338:311-318). By contrast, the drug did not exert any measurable effect on various parenchymal organs, nor did it modify the plasma level of corticosterone and insulin, which were increased and decreased, respectively, in the tumor hosts. The present data give new insights into the mechanisms by which clenbuterol exerts its preventive effect on muscle protein waste and seem to warrant the implementation of experimental protocols involving the use of clenbuterol or alike drugs in the treatment of pathological states involving TPH, particularly in skeletal muscle and heart, such as in the present model of cancer cachexia.

Audit report on the Rathbun Area Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Rathbun Area Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Butler County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Butler County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Pocahontas County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Pocahontas County Solid Waste Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Shelby County Area Solid Waste Agency for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Shelby County Area Solid Waste Agency for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Crawford County Area Solid Waste Agency Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Crawford County Area Solid Waste Agency Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Delaware County Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Delaware County Solid Waste Disposal Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Jones County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Jones County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Wayne-Ringgold-Decatur County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Wayne-Ringgold-Decatur County Solid Waste Management Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Tannery and coal mining waste disposal on soil

Tannery residues and coal mine waste are heavily polluting sources in Brazil, mainly in the Southern States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. In order to study the effects of residues of chrome leather tanning (sludge and leather shavings) and coal waste on soybean and maize crops, a field experiment is in progress since 1996, at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Experimental Station, county of Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. The residues were applied twice (growing seasons 1996/97 and 1999/00). The amounts of tannery residues were applied according to their neutralizing value, at rates of up to 86.8 t ha-1, supplying from 671 to 1.342 kg ha-1 Cr(III); coal waste was applied at a total rate of 164 t ha-1. Crop yield and dry matter production were evaluated, as well as the nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn) and Cr contents. Crop yields with tannery sludge application were similar to those obtained with N and lime supplied with mineral amendments. Plant Cr absorption did not increase significantly with the residue application. Tannery sludge can be used also to neutralize the high acidity developed in the soil by coal mine waste.

Factors influencing privatization of urban solid waste collection: some evidence from Spain

In this paper we analyse some of the organisational aspects of the urban solid waste collection and, in particular, the privatization modality of contracting out. We start by discussing some of the theoretical aspects of contracting out. We then specify and estimate an explanatory model on a sample of municipalities that we surveyed. Our purpose is twofold: on the one hand, we identify the economic factors at work when deciding to contract out the service and, on the other hand, we analyse the role of ideological factors in choosing between the public production of the service or contracting it out. The results show a significant effect of the demand for waste collection on contracting out. There also appears to be a neighbouring effect as the municipalities close to other cities that contract out are also more prone to do so. Finally, the decisions to contract seem to have been motivated by pragmatic rather than ideological reasons.

Monte Carlo Study of the Growth of L12 ordered domains in fcc A3B binary alloys

A Monte Carlo study of the late time growth of L12-ordered domains in a fcc A3B binary alloy is presented. The energy of the alloy has been modeled by a nearest-neighbor interaction Ising Hamiltonian. The system exhibits a fourfold degenerated ground state and two kinds of interfaces separating ordered domains: flat and curved antiphase boundaries. Two different dynamics are used in the simulations: the standard atom-atom exchange mechanism and the more realistic vacancy-atom exchange mechanism. The results obtained by both methods are compared. In particular we study the time evolution of the excess energy, the structure factor and the mean distance between walls. In the case of atom-atom exchange mechanism anisotropic growth has been found: two characteristic lengths are needed in order to describe the evolution. Contrarily, with the vacancyatom exchange mechanism scaling with a single length holds. Results are contrasted with existing experiments in Cu3Au and theories for anisotropic growth.