Failure or Voluntary Exit? Reassessing the Female Underperformance Hypothesis

We reevaluate the female underperformance hypothesis by challenging the assumption that female-owned ventures are more likely to fail. Instead of equating exit with failure, we draw on exit literature and feminist theories to argue that female entrepreneurs are actually more likely than males to exit voluntarily. We argue for further gender differences by using an even more fine-grained conceptualization of entrepreneurial exit (failure, exit for personal reasons, and exit for other professional/financial opportunities). Post-hoc analyses also point to withingender heterogeneity depending on family status. A sample probe of 219 Spanish entrepreneurs who had exited their business supports our overall reasoning.

Introducing WAVE - water alliances for voluntary efficiency : hotel water management for the 21st century.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report on voluntary conservation program for manufactured gas utilities /

Mode of access: Internet.

How to mobilize voluntary organizations in support of 55. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

"Full aid" insurance for the traffic victim; a voluntary compensation plan.

Mode of access: Internet.