Role of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) in the epidemiology of urban visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a serious public health problem in several Brazilian cities. Although the proximity of chicken houses is often cited as a risk factor in studies of urban ZVL, the role chickens play in the epidemiology of the disease has not been defined. Chickens attract both male and female sand flies (Lutzomyia longripalpis) but are unable to sustain Leishmania infections, and their presence may exert a zooprophylactic effect. We discuss environmental, physiologic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors related to chicken raising that could influence Le. infantum transmission in Brazilian cities and evaluate whether this practice significantly affects the risk of acquiring ZVL.

Remitting behaviour of Nepalese rural-to-urban migrants: Implications for theory and policy

This article uses data for Nepal to test contemporary hypotheses about the remitting behaviour and associated motives of rural-to-urban migrants and to consider the likely impact of such remittances on rural development. Possibilities for inheritance, degree of family attachment, likelihood of eventual return to place of origin and family investment in the education of the migrants are found to be significant influences on levels of remittances by Nepalese migrants. However, in Nepal, remittances do not seem to result in long-term capital investment in rural areas and so may not promote long-term development of these areas.

Rural lines of flight: Telecommunications and post-metro dreaming

Information and communications technologies hold a prominent place in the cultural imagination of many people living outside the Australian metropolis, especially recent émigrés. A vision of a wired pastoral conjures up the possibilities of city work, connections and pleasures accompanying the flight to the country. Such aspirations have given a twist to one of the great topos of Australian post-invasion communications history, communications ameliorating the perceived isolation in the bush. This article examines important changes to rural telecommunications in the 1990s coinciding with post-metro dreaming and digital convergence, namely the rise of local telecommunications. Neo-Foucauldian accounts of citizenship hold some promise for explaining the criss-cross of tangled lines of flight in regional communications in the twenty-first century: emergent subjectivities, utopian digital modes of becoming, new politics of infrastructure, reconfigured relationships among state, market and citizen.

Some new killing trick: Welfare reform and drug markets in a U.S. urban ghetto

Ethnographic data collected over a 5-year period is analyzed to determine how the Personal Responsibility & Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) has affected the lives of young male drug dealers from AIDS-afflicted families residing in Detroit. The data analysis indicated that the participants perceived drug dealing as the only viable employment opportunity for meeting the quotidian & health care needs of their families. The findings also revealed that the participants were highly aware of local political processes & the necessities of caring for relatives living with AIDS. Additional attention is dedicated to exploring the state of MI's rationale for ending the General Assistance Program, the sociocultural foundations of the PRWORA, various stipulations of the PRWORA, & how the PRWORA has augmented the legal vulnerability of welfare recipients. It is concluded that the PRWORA will force many welfare recipients to engage in illicit activities & will generally decrease recipients' health. 59 References. J. W. Parker

A modernização do atraso : os fundamentos da urbanização de Vitória-1889-1930

Esta dissertação volta-se para a investigação da modernização da cidade de Vitória durante a passagem do século XIX ao XX. Trata-se, especificamente, da tentativa de compreender a modernização de Vitória no seu conteúdo arcaico, no sentido de, no conjunto das estratégias do poder, preservarem-se interesses de estruturas sociais anteriores, para um novo contexto econômico e sociopolítico. O referencial teórico de análise pressupôs apreender a cidade (seu espaço construído) articulada à estrutura econômica, enquanto condições urbanas necessárias à reprodução do capital. Para tal efeito, foi necessário compreender as implicações da metamorfose da riqueza, representada anteriormente pela propriedade do escravo e transferida para a propriedade da terra. Nessa tarefa, investigamos a hegemonia dos interesses da instância mercantil-exportadora do capital que dominou o aparelho de Estado e dirigiu o processo. A interferência dessa fração do capital no processo foi compreendida a partir da estruturação do poder no Espírito Santo processada na reorganização das bases da produção de café na transição do trabalho escravo para o livre. Através da modernização da cidade, foram criadas novas alternativas de valorização do capital por intermédio da construção da cidade (habitações, edifícios públicos, infraestrutura e serviços urbanos). Contudo, não se verificou de forma significativa desdobramento do excedente acumulado na esfera do comércio em atividades produtivas modernas (multiplicadoras da riqueza). Nesse processo, surge a perspectiva de a valorização da propriedade imobiliária como expressão do desenvolvimento das condições gerais da produção e da reprodução do trabalho possibilitar rendas futuras crescentes ao capital. O que indica uma urbanização fundamentalmente dominada pelos interesses mercantil-exportadores e patrimonialistas, revelando um forte traço de atraso da modernização da cidade em seu papel de centro comercial da economia regional.

Trajetória do crescimento da cidade de Colatina

It approaches the growth of the city of Colatina-ES, the county seat that has urban economy and urban population, and territory with most of the rural area. Rural areas, however, contribute little to the city s economy and are largely environmentally degraded, idle and waiting for recovery. The objective is to understand the growth of the city of Colatina, and the factors and consequences of this growth. Land division projects, investments and interventions in urban and rural areas were collected for the analysis. As a median-sized city characterized by central and regional polarity, but outside of the main investments in the state, Colatina seeks to take advantage of its situation of commercial warehouse city and road junction to stay alive in the regional economy. The citys economy is based on trade and services, but seeks to attract investment to the industry and logistics. The expansion of the city since the early formation follows the road system, which creates a dispersed spatiality. The characteristics of the urban growth of Colatina are the result of economic development strategies, interests in the property market and a government that abstains from urban control. These factors lead a sprawl urbanization that presents itself costly and not sustainable for urban and rural areas because it creates segregation, higher infrastructure costs, low-density and monofunctional urban spaces, pollution, and worsening of environmental depletion. The challenges for sustainable growth of the city of Colatina depends on a municipal and regional planning, which qualifies and diversifies its urban areas, avoids unnecessary expansion of the urban perimeter, retrieves its environmental degraded areas and leverages the agricultural activities in a productive and less aggressive way to the environment

Fluxos globais e intra-urbanos : subsídios para seu planejamento em Vitória

One is about a study of the interactions and conflicts between the distinct scales of the flows of the global production and urban mobility on the territory of the city, particularly of Vitória, Espírito Santo. From this analysis of the consequences of the new technologies of the information, of the communication and the transports on the economic and humans relations, if it considers the study of the characteristics of the two layers that act on the territory. Of the scale of the global production, the impacts of the great corporations, its physical nets and its force had been considered as territorial agent in the creation and sponsorship of plans. In the analysis of the place, the intra-urban movements of human displacements e had been considered, mainly the reasons of the trips. From the overlapping of the above-mentioned layers if it looked for to observe the interactions, conflicts and synergies between the layers the intervention in the flows demand of a coherent planning of the atract regions of trips, so that areas with infrastructure lack and services of public transport are not overloaded. Finally, as objective generality, generate with the basis in the interactions found in the overlapping, a list of subsidies for the planning of the urban flows.

Moravia : das lógicas da informalidade às lógicas da formalidade

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2016.

REENGINEERING THE CONCEPT OF URBAN CARS: A CASE STUDY

Based on a previously developed mathematical model for fuel consumption of a modular car, here we discuss the cross impacts of engineering scenarios vs. flexibility in use for modular vehicle architectures to achieve the reduction of CO2 emissions targeted by the European Union, in 2009. A systems perspective is adopted in conceptualizing a modular architecture of vehicles. From a theoretical viewpoint, we found modular architecture of vehicles a potential design strategy to minimize fuel inefficiencies and, thus, a strategy for design for environment.

The effects of place of residence on tourist motivations: a revised case of the Urban Quadrangle of Minho

This study seeks to capture the underlying reasons for the travel decisions of residents of the Urban Quadrangle of Minho (composed of the municipalities of Barcelos, Braga, Guimarães, and Vila Nova de Famalicão). The aim of the research is three-fold. Firstly, the study identifies the push and pull motivational factors of residents of the Urban Quadrangle of Minho. Secondly, the study examines whether there are differences between the tourist motivations of residents of the four different municipalities of the Urban Quadrangle. Finally, the study investigates if there are any differences in the motivations of those who choose national and international destinations. The methodology comprises quantitative research based on questionnaires administered in 2012 to residents of the Urban Quadrangle of Minho. A principal component factor analysis is employed to identify six push and seven pull factors. The comparison of the mean scores of these factors across municipalities and across residents that choose national and international destinations reveals that the most valued and least valued factors are common to all four municipalities and both groups of residents (that choose national and international destinations).

The effects of place of residence on tourist motivations: the case of Urban Quadrangle of Minho

The aim of this preliminary study is three-fold. Firstly, the study identifies the push and pull motivational factors of residents of the Urban Quadrangle of Minho. Secondly, the study examines whether there are differences between the tourist motivations of residents of the four different municipalities. Finally, the study investigates if there are any differences in the motivations of those who choose national and international destinations.

Tourist motivation of the residents of the Urban Quadrilátero of Minho: a gender analysis

Women are increasingly active in the participation and consumption of tourism, representing a strong and unique market segment. Knowledge of the needs and preferences of female tourists represents a key success factor in the tourism industry. This preliminary study seeks to capture the underlying reasons for the travel decisions of the residents of the Urban Quadrilátero of Minho, investigating their tourist motivations from a gendered perspective. Insight on tourism motivation may be an important policy tool for tourism planners and managers in the development of products and marketing strategies. The empirical analysis is undertaken based on questionnaires administered in 2012 to residents of the Urban Quadrilátero of Minho. Preliminary results do not reveal significant gender differences in the importance that the local residents place on various tourism motivation factors.